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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Legal Studies
The Regulation And Control Of Bail Recovery Agents: An Exploratory Study, Brian R. Johnson, Ruth S. Stevens
The Regulation And Control Of Bail Recovery Agents: An Exploratory Study, Brian R. Johnson, Ruth S. Stevens
Peer Reviewed Publications
This article explores the current status of the licensing and regulation of bail recovery agents in the United States. By reviewing state legislative and administrative codes in all the 50 states, this study found that 24 states control bail recovery agents through licensure or the imposition of other occupational regulations. These state controls include age, criminal history, and pretraining and educational requirements; some states also require continuing education and training for licensure and/or regulation. In contrast, 18 states have no licensing or other occupational requirements for bail recovery agents. These findings raise questions about the actual utility and function of …
An Examination Of The Interactions Of Race And Gender On Sentencing Decisions Using A Trichotomous Dependent Variable, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski-Rosick
An Examination Of The Interactions Of Race And Gender On Sentencing Decisions Using A Trichotomous Dependent Variable, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski-Rosick
Peer Reviewed Publications
This study examined how race, gender, and age interact to affect defendants’ sentences using a trichotomized dependent variable. The findings indicate that the racial and gender disparity found in sentencing decisions was largely due to Black men’s increased likelihood of receiving jail as opposed to probation. The results also show that being young resulted in increased odds of receiving probation over jail for White men and for women but resulted in decreased odds for Black men. Separate analysis of incarceration terms to jail and prison further reveal that legal factors had a greater impact on prison than on jail sentence …
Cohabiting, Family And Community Stressors, Selection, And Juvenile Delinquency, Christopher A. Kierkus, Brian R. Johnson, John D. Hewitt
Cohabiting, Family And Community Stressors, Selection, And Juvenile Delinquency, Christopher A. Kierkus, Brian R. Johnson, John D. Hewitt
Peer Reviewed Publications
Prior research has established that children from traditional, two-parent nuclear families experience a lower risk of delinquency than children raised in alternative family structures. However, many studies have ignored the effect of parental cohabiting on delinquent development. A growing body of research suggests that cohabiting (even among biological parents) may be harmful to children. This study tests the hypothesis that cohabiting is associated with four different types of delinquent behavior. It examines two theoretical models, a family stress model and a community stress/selection model, as possible explanations of ‘‘the cohabiting effect.’’ The analysis reveals that cohabiting is generally associated with …
Methamphetamine Use And Criminal Behavior, Michael C. Gizzi, Patrick Gerkin
Methamphetamine Use And Criminal Behavior, Michael C. Gizzi, Patrick Gerkin
Peer Reviewed Publications
This research seeks to broaden our understanding of methamphetamine’s (meth’s) place within the study of drugs and crime. Through extensive court records research and interviews with 200 offenders in local jails in western Colorado, this research contributes to the creation of a meth user profile and begins to identify the place of meth in the drug–crime nexus. The study compares the criminal behavior of meth users with other drug users, finding that meth users are more likely than other drug users to be drunk or high at the time of arrest and claim their crimes were related to drug use …
The Impact Of Race, Gender, And Age On The Pretrial Decision, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski
The Impact Of Race, Gender, And Age On The Pretrial Decision, Tina L. Freiburger, Carly M. Hilinski
Peer Reviewed Publications
There is an abundance of studies that examine judicial discretion in the final sentencing stages; however, few have examined discretion in the early stages of court decisions. Pretrial release is especially concerning as it has been strongly correlated with a final sentence of incarceration and deprives defendants of their freedom. This study examined whether race, gender, and age influence judges’ decisions to detain or release a defendant prior to trial. The results indicate that females and younger defendants were less likely to be detained. Race was not significant after economic variables were included. When examining males and females separately, race …
Participation In Victim–Offender Mediation: Lessons Learned From Observations, Patrick M. Gerkin
Participation In Victim–Offender Mediation: Lessons Learned From Observations, Patrick M. Gerkin
Peer Reviewed Publications
Victim–offender mediation has grown to establish itself among criminal justice practices as an alternative to traditionally retributive notions of justice. As the number of programs claiming to be restorative in nature continues to grow, victim–offender mediation programs are emerging as one of the state’s preferred delivery methods for restorative justice. Restorative practices, including victim–offender mediation, are inclusive practices. Participation is not only encouraged, it is a necessary element for victim–offender mediation to achieve restorative outcomes. Through the use of observations and content analysis of agreements produced in victim–offender mediation, this research uncovers several impediments to individual participation, including problems in …
Police Chiefs, Anomia, And Leadership, Kraig L. Hays, Robert M. Regoli, John D. Hewitt
Police Chiefs, Anomia, And Leadership, Kraig L. Hays, Robert M. Regoli, John D. Hewitt
Peer Reviewed Publications
This research assesses a potentially harmful condition among police chiefs: anomia. The article analyzes a large (N = 1,120) stratified sample survey of American police chiefs. Nine hypotheses are tested using multiple regressions. Results show relatively little anomia (as defined by Srole’s 5-point Likert-type scale) among the respondents. Data analysis reveals little relationship between anomia and the following four variables: age, being a chief in a previous jurisdiction, race/ethnicity, and internal hire. However, the analysis also reveals significant negative relationships between anomia and education, merit selection, and years in law enforcement and between anomia and size of department and tenure …
Women’S Representation And Status In Law Enforcement: Does Calea Involvement Make A Difference?, David Burlingame, Agnes L. Baro
Women’S Representation And Status In Law Enforcement: Does Calea Involvement Make A Difference?, David Burlingame, Agnes L. Baro
Peer Reviewed Publications
This study’s objective was to determine if involvement in the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) accreditation process will have a significant, positive effect on the representation of sworn women in large police agencies at all organizational levels and on the representation of women of color as a percentage of the total workforce. This study compared 193 large (100 or more sworn personnel) non-CALEA agencies with 201 large CALEA agencies. Results of this research suggest that there are significant differences between CALEA and non-CALEA agencies and that involvement in the CALEA accreditation process appears to encourage and facilitate …
Weapons Of Mass Victimization, Radioactive Waste Shipments, And Environmental Laws, James D. Ballard, Kristine Mullendore
Weapons Of Mass Victimization, Radioactive Waste Shipments, And Environmental Laws, James D. Ballard, Kristine Mullendore
Peer Reviewed Publications
Transnational and domestic terrorists may employ unconventional weapons of mass destruction and/or mass contamination in their future operations against governments. These asymmetrical tactics may include nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons designed to produce panic and disruption in daily life. This article addresses several of the myriad legal and practical issues relative to potential radiological weapons. Several suggestions as to local-level policy are offered and discussed. Among these suggestions are the need for local law enforcement and policy decision makers to formally recognize the potential use of radiological weapons of mass contamination and the need to develop both protection strategies for …
Effects Of A Cognitive Restructuring Program On Inmate Institutional Behavior, Agnes L. Baro
Effects Of A Cognitive Restructuring Program On Inmate Institutional Behavior, Agnes L. Baro
Peer Reviewed Publications
Although research suggests that cognitive restructuring programs reduce recidivism, little is known about the effects of such programs on institutional behavior. This study compared randomly selected inmates who participated in other self-help programs and randomly selected inmates who participated in the first phase of a cognitive restructuring program with inmates who had been in the second phase for at least 6 months. The total sample size was 123. Findings suggest that participation in the first phase appears to reduce refusals to obey a direct order, whereas participation in the second phase appears to reduce assaults.