Geography Commons^™

Violence As An Obstacle To Livelihood Resilience In The Context Of Climate Change, Beth Tellman, Ryan Alaniz, Andrea Rivera, Diana Contreras

Ryan C. Alaniz

Central America continues to be a violent region and is prone to increasing climatic shocks and environmental degradation. This paper explores the non-linear feedback loop between violence and climate shocks on livelihood resilience in El Salvador and Honduras, two countries experiencing high rates of violence. The nature of this complex feedback loop is examined by analysing case studies on the community scale, which include challenges in reconstructing community social capital post-Hurricane Mitch (1998) in Honduras and the importance of social capital in community resilience to Hurricane Ida (2009) in El Salvador. We conclude that social capital is central in communities …

Considerações Acerca Do Aglomerado Metropolitano De Curitiba Na Perspectiva Da Cidade-Região Global, Alceli Ribeiro Alves

Alves Ribeiro Alves

The aim of this paper is to critically analyse the hypothesis that the Agglomerated Metropolitan area of Curitiba (AMC) represents a spatial scale of analysis characteristic of world or global cities and, therefore, have great economic and political significance on the world stage. Amongst some of these world cities have figured in previous discussions the cities of London, New York and Tokyo, but also Los Angeles and São Paulo. Making use of a theoretical-conceptual repertoire called Global City- Regions, formulated by SCOTT et al. (2001), and a variety of quantitative data retrieved from different databases, the work presented here obtained …

Management Regimes And Its Impact On The Wetland Fisheries Management In Assam, Ganesh Chandra

Ganesh Chandra

Assam is endowed with copious aquatic wealth in the form of beels, swamps, ponds and rivers. The floodplain wetlands (beels) extending over one lakh hectare, constitute the most important fishery resource of the state. The beels are considered as one of the most productive ecosystems owing to their characteristic interactions between land and water system. These wetlands are the common property resource and under different management regimes. These wetlands are under various management regimes, i.e., private management (individuals and groups), fishermen cooperative management, Community-based fisheries management (decentralized management, Government works as facilitator) and open access. Most of the unregistered beels …

Globalization And Governance: Impact On Environmental Sustainability In Nigeria’S Niger-Delta Region, Fanan Ujoh Ph.D, Olarewaju Oluseyi Ifatimehin Ph.D

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

With the discovery of oil in commercial quantities in 1958 in the Niger-Delta region came intense oil exploration within the region. Consequently, various Multi-National Oil Companies (MNOCs) commenced oil exploitation in the region. Steadily, cases of pollution, resulting from oil spillages, increased as the quantities of oil production increased over time. Almost 50 years of exploration has resulted in widespread environmental degradation in the form of land, surface and ground water pollution. This has affected the region’s livelihood capacity from farming to fishing, which reflects in endemic and systemic poverty among the communities within the region. This study focuses on …

An Analysis Of Long Lasting Insecticidal Treated Nets (Llin) In Chanchaga Lga, Niger State, Nigeria., J A. Edicha Phd, S M. Hassan Phd, J Ocholi

Confluence Journal Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria

The study essentially examined the equity in accessing long lasting Insecticidal Treated Nets (LLIN) in Chanchaga Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria, using primary source of data. About 1007 households were sampled using systematic sampling technique; however, the first household was randomly selected using a table of random number. Thereafter, every 5th house was selected for the study. Location quotient analysis was employed in order to determine the proportion of the population to LLIN accessibility so as to determine the equity in the LLIN distribution. The study area was stratified into eleven political wards using data such as household …

Une Cohabitation Planifiée - Renforcer Le Chemin De Fer Au Coeur Des Collectivités, Barry A. Palynchuk Phd, Djemila Hadj-Hamou M.Sc.

Barry A. Palynchuk PhD

Une évaluation des opportunités de promouvoir les TOD, au sein du réseau ferroviaire historique.

Quantifying The Changes In Landscape Configuration Using Open Source Gis. Case Study: Bistrita Subcarpathian Valley, Dan A. Chelaru, Ana M. Oiste, Florin C. Mihai

Florin C MIHAI

Gradually, the study of the landscape became a core topic of enviromental studies, due to its interdisciplinary research methods, integrating both natural and socio-economic data. The goal of the study is to quantify the structural evolution of Bistrita subcarpathian valley landscape, by using several GIS applications, having an important role in highlighting its functionality. The applications were realized for the extended area limit of Bistrita subcarpathian valley, which presents a complex landscape morphology, with features ranging from forested mountains to densely populated lowlands. The analysis was based on the two land cover maps resulted from the extraction of the spatial …

Application Of Remotely-Sensed Data For Modeling Malaria Infection In Lokoja, Nigeria, Fanan Ujoh Ph.D, Olarewaju Oluseyi Ifatimehin Ph.D

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

Aims: To estimate incidences of malaria infection in an urban setting using Remotely sensed data and matching same with hospital records to validate the use of Remote sensing data as a methodology for studying the prevalence of malaria.

Study Design: Analyses of 2006 Nigeriasat-1 and Land sat ETM+satellite data for modeling malaria infection.

Place and Duration of Study: Lokoja, Capital city of Kogi State in Central Nigeria, between March 2012 and January 2013.

Methodology: Extraction of land use types, NDVI and LST maps using ILWIS 3.3 and Idrisi software. Cross tabulation of extracted maps to carry out correlational analyses while …

Appraisal Of Social And Health Impact Of A Cement Plant At Host Communities In Yandev, Nigeria, Fanan Ujoh Ph.D, Frederick Terkuma Ujoh Mr

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

Nigeria has extensive mineral and natural resources hence, developmental projects are being proposed and executed on a daily basis, many of which involve large-scale alteration of human, animal and plant ecosystems. Limestone mining and cement production commenced in 1980 at the study area, Yandev, without an environmental impact assessment to ascertain the extent of impact these activities could bring to bear on the physical and living conditions of the host environment. This study was carried out to appraise the social and health impact that mining of limestone and production of cement has inflicted on the host communities. Descriptive statistics and …

Evaluating Wetlands Along The Libyan Mediterranean Coastline, Mansour M. Elbabour, Esam O. Abdulsamad

Mansour M Elbabour

Nature conservation efforts in Libya focus mainly on the protection of some forest and wildlife areas in small designated national parks in the Jabal al-Akhdar and few other locations in the west of the country. However, wetlands did not receive equal recognition. Perhaps, lack of environmental awareness and the absence of functional and legal definitions of wetlands and their habitats in the country contributed to their exclusion from national protection programs and, consequently, to their degradation. Evaluation of wetlands, both within and outside urban areas, conducted as part of the Designation and Classification of Nature Reserves project in Libya, represents …

Banks And The World's Major Banking Centers, 2010, Adrian E. Tschoegl, Sang Rim Choi, Daekun Park

Adrian E Tschoegl

We update three earlier articles on the determinants of interpenetration of financial centers by banks by adding the year 2010 to our analyses for 1970 and 1980, 1990, and 2000. In addition, we also re-estimate our model to include data for Beijing/Shanghai, and add those emerging centers for 2010. First, the number of banks in our data and the number of their offices in other centers has fallen by 46% and 24% since peaking in 1990. Second, even so our matrix saw less turbulence than in the prior two decades as density and number of presences in other centers per …

Border Militarizonaion And Health: Violience, Death And Security In Mexico And The United States, Jeremy Slack, Daniel E. Martinez, Scott Whiteford, Alison Lee

Scott Whiteford

Authors examine violence as a health issue on the U.S./Mexico border, with a special focus on border enforcement and security.

Population Growth And Land Resource Conflicts In Tivland, Nigeria, Fanan Ujoh Ph.D

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

The complex issues of population-resources pressure vis-à-vis communal conflicts in Tivland is the focus of this study. Field interviews and observations were carried out while Census figures for 1953, 1991 and 2006, and Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) data of study area for 1987, 1997 and 2007 were used to calculate the Land Consumption Rate (LCR) and Land Absorption Coefficients (LAC). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc comparisons using Tukey HSD test were applied. The results reveal that: (i) greatest increase in LCR (0.019) was recorded between 1987 and 1997 while the later period between 1997 and 2007 recorded a …

Modelling Plume Dispersion Pattern From A Point Source Using Spatial Auto-Correlational Analysis, Fanan Ujoh Ph.D, Isa Dlama Kwabe Mr

Dr. Fanan Ujoh

The main objective of the study is to estimate the rate and model the pattern of plume rise from Dangote Cement Plc. A handheld Garmin GPS was employed for collection of coordinates at a single kilometre graduation from the centre of the factory to 10 kilometres. Plume rate was estimated using the Gaussian model while Kriging, using ArcGIS, was adopted for modelling the pattern of plume dispersion over a 10 kilometre radius around the factory. ANOVA test was applied for statistical analysis of the plume coefficients. The results indicate that plume dispersion is generally high with highest values recorded for …

Environmental Inequalities And Democratic Citizenship: Linking Normative Theory With Empirical Research, Fabian Schuppert, Ivo Wallimann-Helmer

Fabian Schuppert

The aim of this paper is to link empirical findings concerning environmental inequalities with different normative yard-sticks for assessing whether these inequalities should be deemed unjust, or not. We argue that such an inquiry must necessarily take into account some caveats regarding both empirical research and normative theory. We suggest that empirical results must be contextualised by establishing geographies of risk. As a normative yard-stick we propose a moderately demanding social-egalitarian account of justice and democratic citizenship, which we take to be best suited to identify unjust as well as legitimate instances of socio-environmental inequality.

Green Building Geography Across The United States: Does Governmental Incentives Or Economic Growth Stimulate Construction?, Darren Prum, Tetsuo Kobayashi

Darren A. Prum

As green building activity continues to rise across the country, some state governments decided to create incentives that would motivate developers to voluntarily pursue third party certification for their real estate projects in order to assist in meeting sustainability and environmental goals. Despite the growing number of studies in green buildings, the geography of green buildings and sustainable construction only includes a few studies, which emphasize the lack of green building research from the spatial perspective and their relevance to public policies the lack of green building research from the spatial perspective and their relevance to public policies. This study …

A Política E A Cidade, Rafael De Oliveira Alves

Rafael de Oliveira Alves

No abstract provided.

Risk Interpretation And Action (Ria): Decision Making Under Conditions Of Uncertainty, Emma H. Doyle, Shabana Kahn, Carolina Adler, Ryan Alaniz, Simone Athayde, Kuan-Hui Lin, Todd Schenk, Fabiola Sosa-Rodriguez, Victoria Sword-Daniels

Ryan C. Alaniz

The paper reports on the World Social Science (WSS) Fellows seminar on Risk Interpretation and Action (RIA), undertaken in New Zealand in December, 2013. This seminar was coordinated by the WSS Fellows program of the International Social Science Council (ISSC), the RIA working group of the Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) program, the IRDR International Center of Excellence Taipei, the International START Secretariat and the Royal Society of New Zealand. Twenty-five early career researchers from around the world were selected to review the RIA framework (Eiser et al., 2012) under the theme of ‘decision-making under conditions of uncertainty’, and …

Structured Transformation And Natural Resources Management In Africa, William G. Moseley

William G Moseley

This chapter examines recent trends in African resource-based economies, explores the risks of an economy overly focused on primary production, reviews the theoretical literature on the reasons countries get stuck as peripheral producers, and interrogates past approaches that have been undertaken to pursue economic diversification (failed and successful). In sum, the chapter seeks to answer a few fundamental questions. Given the recent commodity boom, and soaring economic growth rates in many African countries, why should there be cause for concern? How fragile is economic growth based on primary production? Do natural resources intrinsically impede economic diversification? Under what conditions can …