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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Fast Food, Addiction, And Market Power, Timothy J. Richards, Paul M. Patterson, Stephen F. Hamilton
Fast Food, Addiction, And Market Power, Timothy J. Richards, Paul M. Patterson, Stephen F. Hamilton
Economics
No abstract provided.
An Examination Of The Danish Immigrant-Trade Link, Roger White
An Examination Of The Danish Immigrant-Trade Link, Roger White
Economics
This paper investigates the influence of immigrants on Danish imports and exports. As public and political debates concerning immigration policy are expected to continue, the findings presented here provide valuable information. Prior to 2002, Denmark’s immigration policy was among the most liberal in Europe. However, concerns regarding terrorism, social services depletion, and detrimental labour market effects, all purported to stem from immigration, led the Danish government to severely tighten its policy. In examining Denmark, we explore the immigrant-trade relationship in a small host country that is globally well-integrated, open to trade, and proximate to both major trading partners and primary …
Beyond Foraging: Behavioral Science And The Future Of Institutional Economics, Alexander J. Field
Beyond Foraging: Behavioral Science And The Future Of Institutional Economics, Alexander J. Field
Economics
Institutions affect economic outcomes, but variation in them cannot be directly linked to environmental factors such as geography, climate, or technological availabilities. Game theoretic approaches, based as they typically are on foraging only assumptions, do not provide an adequate foundation for understanding the intervening role of politics and ideology; nor does the view that culture and institutions are entirely socially constructed. Understanding what institutions are and how they influence behavior requires an approach that is in part biological, focusing on cognitive and behavioral adaptations for social interaction favored in the past by group selection. These adaptations, along with their effects …
Do Tobacco-Control Programs Lower Tobacco Consumption? Evidence From California, Michael L. Marlow
Do Tobacco-Control Programs Lower Tobacco Consumption? Evidence From California, Michael L. Marlow
Economics
California is often considered the model for tobacco-control programs due to its early adoption of comprehensive programs aimed at lowering tobacco consumption. Tobacco control began when voters approved the California Tobacco Tax and Health Promotion Act of 1988. More than $2 billion has been spent on tobacco-control in California since 1988. The findings of this article indicate that tobacco-control spending is a significant factor for the widening gap between consumption in the United States and in California only in equations that exclude cigarette prices and smoking bans as control variables. When significant, however, estimates suggest that, for every $1 increase …
Immigration Policy, Cultural Pluralism And Trade: Evidence From The White Australia Policy, Roger White, Bedassa Tadesse
Immigration Policy, Cultural Pluralism And Trade: Evidence From The White Australia Policy, Roger White, Bedassa Tadesse
Economics
Examining data for Australia and 101 trading partners that span the years 1989–2000, we find immigrants from nations afforded preference under the White Australia policy exert greater proportional influences on Australian imports from their home countries compared to immigrants from nations not privy to such preference. Immigrants from this latter group of countries influence Australian exports to their home countries proportionally more than do immigrants from the former group. We also find immigrant-trade links vary across disaggregated measures of trade. The results suggest that cultural diversity, affected here by immigration policy, is relevant to a nation’s trade patterns.
Determinants Of State Tobacco-Control Expenditures, Michael L. Marlow
Determinants Of State Tobacco-Control Expenditures, Michael L. Marlow
Economics
While Centers for Disease Control and Prevention believe that most state governments under-fund tobacco-control programs, little is known about why large variation in spending exists between state governments. This study explores reasons for spending variation through an econometric model of per capita spending on tobacco-control programs that explores the effects of smoking prevalence while holding constant tobacco settlement funds, state budget deficits, and other factors that might also be expected to influence spending variation. Empirical evidence indicates no support for the hypothesis that states with high smoking prevalence spend more on tobacco-control than other states. This finding may be quite …
Immigrant-Trade Links, Transplanted Home Bias And Network Effects, Roger White
Immigrant-Trade Links, Transplanted Home Bias And Network Effects, Roger White
Economics
Macro-level data for the US and 73 trading partners spanning the years 1980 to 2001 is used with a gravity specification to investigate the influence of immigration on bilateral trade. Prior research has identified immigrant stocks as a significant determinant of trade; however, this study indicates that the US immigrant-trade link is driven by immigration from relatively low income countries. A 10% increase in the immigrant stock is found to generate respectively 4.7 and 1.5% increases in domestic imports from and exports to the typical low income home country. The observed link is decomposed into two hypothesized channels – network …
From Quasi-Private To Quasi-Public: The Development Of Local Libraries In The United States, 1870-1930, Michael Kevane, William A. Sundstrom
From Quasi-Private To Quasi-Public: The Development Of Local Libraries In The United States, 1870-1930, Michael Kevane, William A. Sundstrom
Economics
The period 1870-1930 witnessed the emergence of the local public library as a widespread and enduring American institution. During these years, access to free community-based library services spread to a much larger share of the U.S. population, while the institutional structure of local libraries underwent a transition from largely quasi-private, voluntary associations to the tax-supported public institutions familiar today. In this paper we describe this transition, and document the expansion of public libraries and library services in the United States over these years, using data drawn from library surveys conducted by the federal Bureau of Education. We then review some …
Habitudes De Lecture Au Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Alain Joseph Sissao
Habitudes De Lecture Au Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Alain Joseph Sissao
Economics
Personne ne doute du fait que la pratique de la lecture tout au long du cursus scolaire soit un exercice très important pour le développement et la consolidation permanente de l’alphabétisation (1 ; 8 ; 2). Malgré ce consensus, il existe très peu d’études sur les habitudes de lecture des élèves en Afrique. La plupart des recherches se concentrent sur les problèmes des bibliothèques publiques (3 ; 13). Mais nous ne connaissons pas d’études qui analysent ou évaluent véritablement l’influence des bibliothèques sur les habitudes de lecture dans les pays africains. Ce qui est regrettable, car, pour évaluer l’impact des …
The Origins Of U.S. Total Factor Productivity Growth In The Golden Age, Alexander J. Field
The Origins Of U.S. Total Factor Productivity Growth In The Golden Age, Alexander J. Field
Economics
A consideration of TFP growth in the United States during the golden age (1948–1973) raises two related questions: on the one hand why was it so strong and on the other hand, why were TFP growth rates lower than they were during the Depression years (1929–1941)? A continuing downward trend in TFP growth within manufacturing, and its declining share after World War II, provide answers to the latter question. A persisting productivity windfall associated with the build out of the surface road infrastructure helps answer the former question. By adopting a longer historical perspective, we can move beyond understanding the …
Empirical Tests Of Exchange Rate Theory, Eric O'N. Fisher
Empirical Tests Of Exchange Rate Theory, Eric O'N. Fisher
Economics
There have been very few direct applications of experimental techniques in macroeconomics for two main reasons. First, macroeconomics is about the interaction between markets, and it is not easy to design an elegant treatment that gets at the essence of how a national economy functions. Second, there is a vestigial prejudice that favors econometrics over putatively unorthodox empirical approaches. Still, the Nobel Prize-winning economist Edward Prescott is alleged to have said, “Don’t regress; progress!”
The Effect Of Social Capital On Group Loan Repayment: Evidence From Field Experiments, Alessandra Cassar, Luke Crowley, Bruce Wydick
The Effect Of Social Capital On Group Loan Repayment: Evidence From Field Experiments, Alessandra Cassar, Luke Crowley, Bruce Wydick
Economics
An important question to microfinance is the relevance of existing social capital in target communities to the performance of group lending. This research presents evidence from field experiments in South Africa and Armenia, in which subjects participate in trust and microfinance games. We present evidence that personal trust between group members and peer homogeneity are more important to group loan repayment than general societal trust or acquaintanceship between members. We also find some evidence of reciprocity: those who have been helped by other group members in the past are more likely to contribute in the future.
Grandma Was Right: Why Cohabitation Undermines Relational Happiness, But Is Increasing Anyway, Bruce Wydick
Grandma Was Right: Why Cohabitation Undermines Relational Happiness, But Is Increasing Anyway, Bruce Wydick
Economics
This paper uses a game theoretic model to explain empirical research which has revealed higher relational satisfaction among married couples than cohabiting couples, as well as among married couples who did not cohabit before marriage. Despite these findings, in recent decades cohabitation rates have dramatically increased in both Europe and the United States. Instrumental variables estimations on data from 28 industrialized countries and 50 U.S. states show cohabitation strongly correlated with increases in women’s labor force participation, where a 10 percent increase in women’s labor force participation results in a 6.4 to 14.6 percent increase in cohabitation.
Credit Information Systems In Less Developed Countries: A Test With Microfinance In Guatemala, Jill Luoto, Craig Mcintosh, Bruce Wydick
Credit Information Systems In Less Developed Countries: A Test With Microfinance In Guatemala, Jill Luoto, Craig Mcintosh, Bruce Wydick
Economics
Increases in formal sector lending among the poor have created a need for credit information systems that provide potential lenders both positive and negative data about borrowers. In this paper we provide an overview of the development and use of credit information systems in industrialized and developing countries. The paper subsequently presents a test of the effects of a newly implemented credit information system using fixed effects estimation on panel data from Guatemala. Results indicate that improved screening effects from the system caused the level of portfolio arrears to decline between 2 and 3.5 percentage points six months after it …
What Can Industry Trade Orientation Tell Us About Trade-Related Employment Dynamics?, Roger White
What Can Industry Trade Orientation Tell Us About Trade-Related Employment Dynamics?, Roger White
Economics
We explore whether imports and exports affect industry employment differently based on the industry’s trade orientation. Effects of trade are examined for both production and non-production employment using data for 384 6-digit manufacturing industries, classified by the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS), and 116 trading partners that span the years 1972 to 2001. Additionally, we consider potential employment effects stemming from shifts in import sources from high- to low-income nations. The findings confirm theory and provide a more detailed portrait of trade-related employment dynamics. As the United States further liberalizes trade, net job loss may be expected in more …
The Equipment Hypothesis And U.S. Economic Growth, Alexander J. Field
The Equipment Hypothesis And U.S. Economic Growth, Alexander J. Field
Economics
In several articles published in the 1990s, de Long and Summers argued that investment in producer durables had a high propensity to generate externalities in using industries, resulting in a systematic and substantial divergence between its social and private return. They maintained, moreover, that this was not the case for structures investment. Together, these claims constitute the equipment hypothesis. This paper explores the degree to which the history of US economic growth in the 20th century supports it.
Import Competition And Job Displacement: Evidence From Us Manufacturing, 1981-1999, Roger White
Import Competition And Job Displacement: Evidence From Us Manufacturing, 1981-1999, Roger White
Economics
No abstract provided.