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Articles 1 - 30 of 57
Full-Text Articles in Economics
The Correlates Of Rentier Returns In Oecd Countries, Arjun Jayadev, Gerald Epstein
The Correlates Of Rentier Returns In Oecd Countries, Arjun Jayadev, Gerald Epstein
PERI Working Papers
This paper examines the correlates of rentier returns – returns to the ownership of financial assets -- in a sample of OECD countries between 1960 and 2000. We develop a simple bargaining model among three classes – industrial capitalists, rentiers and workers – and show that rentier income returns increase when domestic and foreign real interest rates costs of capital mobility fall, and the power of labor declines. Using an unbalanced panel dataset, the paper also econometrically investigates the impacts of proxies for these variables on rentier incomes. We find that interest rate liberalization, the reduction in the unionization rate …
Patterns Of Adjustment Under The Age Of Finance: The Case Of Turkey As A Peripheral Agent Of Neoliberal Globalization, Erinc Yeldan
Patterns Of Adjustment Under The Age Of Finance: The Case Of Turkey As A Peripheral Agent Of Neoliberal Globalization, Erinc Yeldan
PERI Working Papers
Turkey experienced a severe economic and political crisis in November 2000 and again in February 2001. The IMF has been involved with the macro management of the Turkish economy both prior and after the crisis, and provided financial assistance of $20.4 billions, net, between 1999 and 2003. Following the crisis, Turkey has implemented an orthodox strategy of raising interest rates and maintaining an overvalued exchange rate. The government was forced to follow a contractionary fiscal policy towards attaining a primary surplus to the 6.5% of the GNP, and promised to satisfy the customary IMF demands: reduce subsidies to agriculture, privatize, …
Uprooting Diversity? Peasant Farmers’ Market Engagements And The On-Farm Conservation Of Crop Genetic Resources In The Guatemalan Highlands, S, Ryan Isakson
Uprooting Diversity? Peasant Farmers’ Market Engagements And The On-Farm Conservation Of Crop Genetic Resources In The Guatemalan Highlands, S, Ryan Isakson
PERI Working Papers
The long-term security of the global food supply is contingent upon the on-farm conservation of crop genetic diversity. Without it, food crops lack the ability to evolve in the face of new pests, emerging plant diseases, and changing environmental conditions. The genetic diversity of many of humankind’s major food crops is cultivated in the field, primarily by peasant farmers of the Global South. As the widening of global markets affects the lives of these farmers in new ways, the future provisioning of crop genetic resources and, ultimately, the security of the global food supply is in doubt. In this paper …
Engendering Human Development: A Critique Of The Undp’S Gender-Related Development Index, Elizabeth A. Stanton
Engendering Human Development: A Critique Of The Undp’S Gender-Related Development Index, Elizabeth A. Stanton
PERI Working Papers
This article reviews the literature critiquing the UNDP’s Gender-related Development Index (GDI), which is a measure of human development penalized for the extent of gender inequality in each country; presents several original critiques of GDI; and presents proposed corrections to the GDI in response to both received and original critiques.
Gender, Distribution, And Balance Of Payments Constrained Growth In Developing Countries, Stephanie Seguino
Gender, Distribution, And Balance Of Payments Constrained Growth In Developing Countries, Stephanie Seguino
PERI Working Papers
An unresolved debate in the development literature concerns the impact of gender inequality on economic growth. Previous studies have found that the effect varies, depending on the measure of inequality (wages or capabilities). This paper expands that discussion by considering both the short- and long-run, evaluating the effects of gender equality in two types of economies—semi-industrialized economies (SIEs) and low-income agricultural economies (LIAEs). Further, it incorporates the effect of gender equity on the balance of payments constraint to growth. These preliminary results suggest that gender equality is more likely to stimulate growth in LIAEs than in SIEs in both the …
Options For Revenue Generation In Post-Conflict Environments, Michael Carnahan
Options For Revenue Generation In Post-Conflict Environments, Michael Carnahan
PERI Working Papers
The need to build legitimate and capable states in wartorn societies is now widely recognized. The Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States, adopted by the development ministers of major donor countries in march 2005, declares that statebuilding is ‘the central objective.’ This represents a striking break from the prevailing wisdom in the closing decades of the 20th century, when the state was widely regarded as the problem. The state has been rediscovered: it is now invoked as the solution. The policy rhetoric has changed from downsizing states to building state capacity. Yet little systematic work has been done …
U.S. Debt And Global Imbalances, Jane D’Arista
U.S. Debt And Global Imbalances, Jane D’Arista
PERI Working Papers
The paper begins with a discussion of the ways in which a fiat currency and privatized payments system under the guardianship of a few wealthy developed countries and their private multinational financial institutions have contributed to the problem. This is followed by an examination of U.S. debt and global imbalances that focuses on the U.S. international investment position, the link between foreign exchange reserves held in the U.S. and liquidity creation and the link between net capital flows and credit expansion. Part II analyses the risks in failing to address the U.S. foreign debt problem and Part III offers proposals …
Unchained Melody: East Asia In Performance, Edsel, Jr. L. Beja
Unchained Melody: East Asia In Performance, Edsel, Jr. L. Beja
PERI Working Papers
Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, and Thailand continue to perform unsatisfactorily today, ten years after 1997 Asian Crisis. As of 2007, these crisis-affected economies have not fully recouped their losses from the lost opportunities from the Crisis. Unless economic performances return to past trends, another type of economic miracle story may be needed to reclaim their past economic standings. Unless GDP per capita expands faster than present trends, they will continue to face the costs of the lost opportunities. A positive combination of policies is needed: taking up the useful components of the past arrangements and putting in the missing instruments …
U.S., China, And The Unraveling Of Global Imbalances, Minqi Li
U.S., China, And The Unraveling Of Global Imbalances, Minqi Li
PERI Working Papers
During the 1950s and 1960s, the capitalist world economy experienced unprecedented rapid growth, widely known as the “golden age.” However, by the late 1960s new contradictions emerged. High levels of employment, welfare state institutions, and the depletion of the rural surplus labor force in the advanced capitalist countries changed the balance of power between the capitalist class and the working class to the latter’s favor. Labor militancy grew throughout the advanced capitalist countries as well as in some semi-peripheral countries (such as Latin America and Eastern and Southern Europe). Moreover, the rapid expansion of the world economy tended to improve …
Some Stylized Facts On The Finance-Dominated Accumulation Regime, Engelbert Stockhammer
Some Stylized Facts On The Finance-Dominated Accumulation Regime, Engelbert Stockhammer
PERI Working Papers
While there is an agreement that the Fordist accumulation regime has come to an end in the course of the 1970s, there is no agreement on how to characterize the post-Fordist regime (or if a such is already in place). The paper seeks put together various arguments related to financialization (in the broad sense) from a macroeconomic point of view and investigate the relevance of these arguments by means of an analysis stylized facts for EU countries. The paper discusses changes in investment behaviour, consumption behaviour and government expenditures, investigating to what extent changes are related to financialization. Households experience …
A Scheme To Coordinate Monetary And Fiscal Policies In The Euro Area, Carlo Panico, Marta Vàzquez Suàrez
A Scheme To Coordinate Monetary And Fiscal Policies In The Euro Area, Carlo Panico, Marta Vàzquez Suàrez
PERI Working Papers
This paper deals with the problems of coordination between monetary and fiscal policies in the Euro area. It examines how the existing institutions handle these problems and presents a proposal to re-organise them.
Cap And Dividend: How To Curb Global Warming While Protecting The Incomes Of American Families, James K. Boyce, Matthew Riddle
Cap And Dividend: How To Curb Global Warming While Protecting The Incomes Of American Families, James K. Boyce, Matthew Riddle
PERI Working Papers
This essay examines the distributional effects of a “cap-and-dividend” policy for reducing carbon emission in the United States: a policy that auc-tions carbon permits and rebates the revenue to the public on an equal per capita basis. The aim of the policy is to reduce U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, the main pollutant causing global warming, while at the same time protect-ing the real incomes of middle-income and lower-income American families. The number of permits is set by a statutory cap on carbon emissions that gradually diminishes over time. The sale of carbon permits will generate very large revenues, posing …
Employment And Millenium Development Goals: Analytics Of The Linkage In The Context Of An Accelerated Effort To Achieve The Mdgs, A. R. Khan
PERI Working Papers
With the ratification of the Millennium Development Goals at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000 a question that naturally arises is how the multiple objectives that the international development community has become committed to are related to one another and whether they are even consistent with one another. First, there is the goal of economic growth, a growth in per capita income and living standard. Then there is the objective of poverty reduction which had received an overwhelming emphasis from the donors and the developing countries alike in recent decades. This came to be broadened by the adoption of …
The U.S. Employment Effects Of Military And Domestic Spending Priorities, Robert Pollin, Heidi Garrett-Peltier
The U.S. Employment Effects Of Military And Domestic Spending Priorities, Robert Pollin, Heidi Garrett-Peltier
PERI Working Papers
This study is focused on the employment effects of military spending versus channeling some significant part of the military budget into alternative purposes. We begin by introducing the basic input-output modeling technique for considering issues such as these in a systematic way. We also review the results of earlier efforts to compare the employment effects of military spending versus alternative government spending priorities. We then present some simple alternative spending scenarios, namely devoting $1 billion to the military versus the same amount of money spent for five alternatives: tax cuts which produce increased levels of personal consumption; health care; education; …
Emigrant Or Sojourner? Migration Intensity And Its Determinants, Florian Kaufmann
Emigrant Or Sojourner? Migration Intensity And Its Determinants, Florian Kaufmann
PERI Working Papers
This paper develops the concept of migration intensity, defined as the degree to which a migrant shifts his attachment, association and engagement from his place of origin to the migration destination. Among male Mexican migrants to the United States, we find strong complementarities among remittances, migration patterns, and localized investments in physical, social and human capital. Based on these, we derive a unidimensional Index of Migration Intensity (IMI). The IMI reveals that Mexicans use a continuum of migration strategies. The majority of Mexicans are characterized by low levels of migration intensity, but migration intensity has been growing over time. Cross-sectional …
Current Global Imbalances And The Keynes Plan, Lilia Costabile
Current Global Imbalances And The Keynes Plan, Lilia Costabile
PERI Working Papers
The main objective of the present paper is to ask whether the Currency) Union scheme prepared by Keynes in the Forties, “Keynes Plan”, may still i.e. the Clearing (or at least in principleprovide useful remedies for this “terrorist” type of international imbalances. This will be done in two stages. Firstly, in section 2, the origins of international disequilibria are investigated. The purpose is to enquire whether current international monetary arrangements may generate some of the imbalances referred to above, because of the mechanisms built into them. Secondly, section 3 applies the remedies envisaged by the “Keynes Plan” to this source …
External Shocks, Structural Change, And Economic Growth In Mexico, 1979–2006, Robert A. Blecker
External Shocks, Structural Change, And Economic Growth In Mexico, 1979–2006, Robert A. Blecker
PERI Working Papers
This paper estimates the effects of external constraints on growth and investment in the Mexican economy, and how those effects have changed since the economic liberalization of the 1980s and the formation of NAFTA in 1994. Shocks to net financial inflows, world oil prices, the U.S. growth rate, and the real value of the peso explain most of the fluctuations in Mexico’s annual growth since 1979 (with structural breaks in some of these effects due to liberalization or NAFTA). Both Hausman weak exogeneity tests and simultaneous equations estimates generally support the view that growth drives investment but not the other …
Ld 1 Progress Report 2007, Henry C. Renski, Catherine Reilly, David Douglass
Ld 1 Progress Report 2007, Henry C. Renski, Catherine Reilly, David Douglass
Center for Economic Development Technical Reports
No abstract provided.
Labor's Home Front: The American Federation Of Labor During World War Ii, Gerald Friedman
Labor's Home Front: The American Federation Of Labor During World War Ii, Gerald Friedman
Economics Department Faculty Publications Series
No abstract provided.
Labour Rights As Human Rights, Gerald Friedman
Labour Rights As Human Rights, Gerald Friedman
Economics Department Faculty Publications Series
No abstract provided.
Teaching With Technology To Engage Students And Enhance Learning, Daniel A. Lass, Bernard Morzuch, Richard Rogers
Teaching With Technology To Engage Students And Enhance Learning, Daniel A. Lass, Bernard Morzuch, Richard Rogers
Daniel A. Lass
Teaching technology effects on student learning in a large lecture introductory statistics course were tested. Findings show in-class personal response systems and on-line homework/quizzes significantly improve student exam scores. We infer proven small class techniques, participating in class and doing homework via technologies, can restore sound pedagogy in larger classes. The experiment was conducted using just one class, but factors usually unaccounted for in assessment research were controlled, especially the instructor and other materials. The technologies investigated here can provide learning benefits to students even in larger courses often criticized for their inability to provide students quality learning experiences.
Labor Supply Decisions Of Rural Low-Income Mothers, Daniel A. Lass
Labor Supply Decisions Of Rural Low-Income Mothers, Daniel A. Lass
Daniel A. Lass
Labor force participation is crucial to the economic well-being of low-income rural families. This study identified the factors that influence two decisions that low-income rural mothers make regarding their employment: labor force entry and number of hours supplied to employment. The sample consisted of 412 rural low-income mothers who participated in a multi-state study. The logistic regression model correctly predicted 80 percent of their work participation decisions. Employed rural mothers appeared to be older, better educated, and less likely to suffer from depression compared to those not working. Additionally, they were more likely to have an employed partner, a driver’s …
Labor Supply Decisions Of Rural Low-Income Mothers, Sheila Mammen, Daniel Lass, Sharon B. Seiling
Labor Supply Decisions Of Rural Low-Income Mothers, Sheila Mammen, Daniel Lass, Sharon B. Seiling
Sheila Mammen
Labor force participation is crucial to the economic well-being of low-income rural families. This study identified the factors that influence two decisions that low-income rural mothers make regarding their employment: labor force entry and number of hours supplied to employment. The sample consisted of 412 rural low-income mothers who participated in a multi-state study. The logistic regression model correctly predicted 80 percent of their work participation decisions. Employed rural mothers appeared to be older, better educated, and less likely to suffer from depression compared to those not working. Additionally, they were more likely to have an employed partner, a driver’s …
Teaching With Technology To Engage Students And Enhance Learning, Bernard J. Morzuch, Daniel Lass, Richard Rogers
Teaching With Technology To Engage Students And Enhance Learning, Bernard J. Morzuch, Daniel Lass, Richard Rogers
Bernard J. Morzuch
Teaching technology effects on student learning in a large lecture introductory statistics course were tested. Findings show in-class personal response systems and on-line homework/quizzes significantly improve student exam scores. We infer proven small class techniques, participating in class and doing homework via technologies, can restore sound pedagogy in larger classes. The experiment was conducted using just one class, but factors usually unaccounted for in assessment research were controlled, especially the instructor and other materials. The technologies investigated here can provide learning benefits to students even in larger courses often criticized for their inability to provide students quality learning experiences.
Introduction: Economic Measures Of Food Safety Interventions, Julie Caswell
Introduction: Economic Measures Of Food Safety Interventions, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
EconLit Citations: Q18, I18, L51 © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 153–156, 2007.
Standards-As-Barriers Versus Standards-As-Catalysts: Assessing The Impact Of Haccp Implementation On U.S. Seafood Imports, Julie Caswell
Standards-As-Barriers Versus Standards-As-Catalysts: Assessing The Impact Of Haccp Implementation On U.S. Seafood Imports, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
The United States mandated a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety standard for seafood in 1997. Panel model results for the period 1990 to 2004 suggest that HACCP introduction had a negative and significant impact on overall seafood imports from the top 33 suppliers. While the effect for developed countries was positive, the negative HACCP effect for developing countries supports the view of “standards-as-barriers” versus ”standards-as-catalysts.” When the effect is analyzed at an individual country level a different perspective emerges. Regardless of development status, leading seafood exporters generally gained sales volume with the U.S., while most other smaller …
A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework For Food-Borne Pathogens, Julie Caswell
A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework For Food-Borne Pathogens, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
To lower the incidence of human food-borne disease, experts and stakeholders have urged the development of a science- and risk-based management system in which food-borne hazards are analyzed and prioritized. A literature review shows that most approaches to risk prioritization developed to date are based on measures of health outcomes and do not systematically account for other factors that may be important to decision making. The Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework developed here considers four factors that may be important to risk managers: public health, consumer risk perceptions and acceptance, market-level impacts, and social sensitivity. The framework is based on the …
Consumer Demand For Quality: Major Determinant For Agricultural And Food Trade In The Future?, Julie Caswell
Consumer Demand For Quality: Major Determinant For Agricultural And Food Trade In The Future?, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
The impact of consumer demand for quality on the agricultural and food system is an increased emphasis on quality differentiation but not all in the direction of upgrading quality. The more elite market segments are thriving and reaching growing numbers of consumers but the basic price/quality markets remain strong. Most recent economic studies find that consumers are willing to pay for food safety and other quality attributes, and for information about them. The magnitude of the valuations varies by food product, attribute, country, and study design. This literature and a case study of genetically modified foods suggest that consumer demand …
Japanese Growth And Stagnation: A Keynesian Perspective, Peter Skott, Takeshi Nakatani
Japanese Growth And Stagnation: A Keynesian Perspective, Peter Skott, Takeshi Nakatani
Peter Skott
This paper uses a modified Harrodian model to understand both the long period of rapid Japanese growth and the recent period of stagnation. The model has multiple steady-growth solutions when the labour supply is highly elastic, and government intervention, we argue, took the Japanese economy onto a high-growth trajectory. Labour constraints began to ap- pear around 1970, and a combination of high saving rates and slow popu- lation growth account for the stagnation of the 1990s. This combination produces a structural liquidity trap and threatens the sustainability of at- tempts to ensure near full employment through fiscal policy or by …
Is Inequality Bad For The Environment?, James K. Boyce
Is Inequality Bad For The Environment?, James K. Boyce
James K. Boyce
By respecting nature’s limits and investing in nature’s wealth, we can protect and enhance the environment’s ability to sustain human well-being. But how humans interact with nature is intimately tied to how we interact with each other. Those who are relatively powerful and wealthy typically gain disproportionate benefits from the economic activities that degrade the environment, while those who are relatively powerless and poor typically bear disproportionate costs. All else equal, wider political and economic inequalities tend to result in higher levels of environmental harm. For this reason, efforts to safeguard the natural environment must go hand-in-hand with efforts to …