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Articles 1 - 30 of 96
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Daca, Mobility Investments, And Economic Outcomes Of Immigrants And Natives, Jimena Villanueva Kiser, Riley Wilson
Daca, Mobility Investments, And Economic Outcomes Of Immigrants And Natives, Jimena Villanueva Kiser, Riley Wilson
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Daca, Mobility Investments, And Economic Outcomes Of Immigrants And Natives, Jimena Villanueva Kiser, Riley Wilson
Daca, Mobility Investments, And Economic Outcomes Of Immigrants And Natives, Jimena Villanueva Kiser, Riley Wilson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Exploiting variation created by Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), we document the effects of immigrant legalization on immigrant mobility investments and economic outcomes. We provide new evidence that DACA increased both geographic and job mobility of young immigrants, often leading them to high-paying labor markets and licensed occupations. We then examine whether these gains to immigrants spill over and affect labor market outcomes of U.S.-born workers. Exploiting immigrant enclaves and source-country flows of DACA-eligible immigrants to isolate plausibly exogenous variation in the concentration of DACA recipients, we show that in labor markets where more of the working-age population can …
Emerging Giants And Lessons For Development: China, India, And Their Different Paths To Progress, Eskander Alvi Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor
Emerging Giants And Lessons For Development: China, India, And Their Different Paths To Progress, Eskander Alvi Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor
Upjohn Press
This book explores the differences and commonalities in growth experiences of two looming economic giants, China and India—countries that follow often-contrasting economic, social, and political paths as they struggle to achieve long-term prosperity for their billion-plus populations. The papers included within show that the economic and political realities in the two countries are quite different, and that these realities are deeply embedded in each country’s social framework. China and India are at markedly different stages of economic development but the challenges facing the two countries, unsurprisingly, diverge—not only because of the different stage of development each has reached, but also …
Information, Intermediaries, And International Migration, Samuel Bazzi, Lisa Cameron, Simone Schaner, Firman Witoelar
Information, Intermediaries, And International Migration, Samuel Bazzi, Lisa Cameron, Simone Schaner, Firman Witoelar
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Job seekers face substantial information frictions, especially in international labor markets where intermediaries match prospective migrants with overseas employers. We conducted a randomized trial in Indonesia to explore how information about intermediary quality shapes migration outcomes. Holding access to information about the return to choosing a high-quality intermediary constant, intermediary-specific quality disclosure reduces the migration rate, cutting use of low-quality providers. Workers who do migrate receive better pre-departure preparation and have improved experiences abroad, despite no change in occupation or destination. These results are not driven by changes in beliefs about average provider quality or the return to migration. Nor …
Income Generation Through Entrepreneurship: Seed Initiative, Iliana G. Perez
Income Generation Through Entrepreneurship: Seed Initiative, Iliana G. Perez
External Papers and Reports
No abstract provided.
Labor Market Consequences Of Antitax Avoidance Policies, Katarzyna Bilicka
Labor Market Consequences Of Antitax Avoidance Policies, Katarzyna Bilicka
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
In this paper, I analyze the local labor market consequences of multinational firms reallocating employees across their affiliates in response to antitax avoidance policies. I leverage the introduction of a worldwide debt cap in 2010 in the United Kingdom as a quasi-natural experiment that limited one of the forms of profit shifting—debt shifting—for a group of multinational corporations (MNCs). Multinationals affected by the reform reallocated their employees from the United Kingdom to foreign locations. This affected London-based service sector firms the most. I show that this led to a reduction in the number of jobs available in regions exposed to …
When Labor Enforcement And Immigration Enforcement Collide: Deterring Worker Complaints Worsens Workplace Safety, Amanda M. Grittner, Matthew S. Johnson
When Labor Enforcement And Immigration Enforcement Collide: Deterring Worker Complaints Worsens Workplace Safety, Amanda M. Grittner, Matthew S. Johnson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Regulatory agencies overseeing the labor market often rely on worker complaints to direct their enforcement. However, if workers face differential barriers to complain, this system could result in ineffective targeting and create disparities in working conditions. To investigate these implications, we examine how the onset of Secure Communities—a localized immigration enforcement program—affected occupational safety and health. Counties’ participation in Secure Communities substantially reduced complaints to government safety regulators, but increased injuries, at workplaces with Hispanic workers. We show that these effects are most consistent with employers reducing safety inputs in response to workers’ decreased willingness to complain.
Trade Policy As An Exogenous Shock: Focusing On The Specifics, Andrew Greenland, John W. Lopresti
Trade Policy As An Exogenous Shock: Focusing On The Specifics, Andrew Greenland, John W. Lopresti
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper proposes a novel strategy for identifying the effects of import competition on economic outcomes that avoids standard concerns related to the endogeneity of trade policy and provides a consistent measure of exposure to trade over time. Conditioning on the level of import tariffs, our approach exploits cross-industry differences in the relative importance of specific rather than ad valorem tariffs. As they are expressed in per unit terms rather than as a share of value, the effective protection provided by a given specific tariff varies with price levels. Using digitized tariff line data between 1900 and 1940, we relate …
Globalization, Trade Imbalances, And Labor Market Adjustment, Rafael Dix-Carneiro, João Paulo Pessoa, Ricardo Reyes-Heroles, Sharon Traiberman
Globalization, Trade Imbalances, And Labor Market Adjustment, Rafael Dix-Carneiro, João Paulo Pessoa, Ricardo Reyes-Heroles, Sharon Traiberman
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We study the role of global trade imbalances in shaping the adjustment dynamics in response to trade shocks. We build and estimate a general equilibrium, multicountry, multisector model of trade with two key ingredients: 1) consumption-saving decisions in each country commanded by representative households, leading to endogenous trade imbalances, and 2) labor market frictions across and within sectors, leading to unemployment dynamics and sluggish transitions to shocks. We use the estimated model to study the behavior of labor markets in response to globalization shocks, including shocks to technology, trade costs, and intertemporal preferences (savings gluts). We find that modeling trade …
Strategic Reshoring: A Literature Review, Kathleen Bolter, Jim Robey
Strategic Reshoring: A Literature Review, Kathleen Bolter, Jim Robey
Reports
No abstract provided.
The Political Economy Of Inequality: U.S. And Global Dimensions, Sisay Asefa Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor
The Political Economy Of Inequality: U.S. And Global Dimensions, Sisay Asefa Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor
Upjohn Press
The contributors to this book discuss a variety of forms of social inequality which include large gaps in accumulated assets, discrepancies in access to quality education, unstable family life, lack of access to banking services, poor employment prospects, lack of health care services, and underrepresentation for political and legal matters. Together, they show how these forms of inequality are interrelated with income inequality and that, taken together, they pose the risk for societal and political unrest should they be left unresolved.
The Human And Economic Implications Of Twenty-First Century Immigration Policy, Susan Pozo Editor
The Human And Economic Implications Of Twenty-First Century Immigration Policy, Susan Pozo Editor
Upjohn Press
To effectively debate immigration policy we need to be better informed. This book helps by presenting a group of prominent scholars who use data to help unravel the facts. They address immigration’s fiscal impacts, immigrants’ generational assimilation, enhanced U.S. enforcement, and alternatives for those seeking refugee status. Together, they help move us from the personal to the analytical, providing us a rational appraisal of immigration and the policies currently before us.
Immigration Policy Today, Susan Pozo
Immigration Policy Today, Susan Pozo
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Understanding The Decline Of U.S. Manufacturing Employment, Susan N. Houseman
Understanding The Decline Of U.S. Manufacturing Employment, Susan N. Houseman
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
U.S. manufacturing experienced a precipitous and historically unprecedented decline in employment in the 2000s. Many economists and other analysts—pointing to decades of statistics showing that manufacturing real (inflation-adjusted) output growth has largely kept pace with private sector real output growth, that productivity growth has been much higher, and that the sector’s share of aggregate employment has been declining—argue that manufacturing’s job losses are largely the result of productivity growth (assumed to reflect automation) and are part of a long-term trend. Since the 1980s, however, the apparently robust growth in manufacturing real output and productivity have been driven by a relatively …
The Decline Of U.S. Manufacturing Employment - Automation And Trade, Susan N. Houseman
The Decline Of U.S. Manufacturing Employment - Automation And Trade, Susan N. Houseman
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Understanding The Effects Of Legalizing Undocumented Immigrants, Joan Monràs, Javier Vázquez-Grenno, Ferran Elias
Understanding The Effects Of Legalizing Undocumented Immigrants, Joan Monràs, Javier Vázquez-Grenno, Ferran Elias
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper investigates the consequences of the legalization of around 600,000 immigrants by the unexpectedly elected Spanish government of Zapatero following the terrorist attacks of March 2004 (Garcia-Montalvo, 2011). Using detailed data from payroll-tax revenues, we estimate that each newly legalized immigrant increased local payroll-tax revenues by 4,189 euros on average. This estimate is only 55 percent of what we would have expected from the size of the influx of newly documented immigrants, which suggests that newly legalized immigrants probably earned lower wages than other workers and maybe affected the labor-market outcomes of those other workers. We estimate that the …
The Impacts Of China's Rise On The Pacific And The World, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor, Huizhong Zhou Editor
The Impacts Of China's Rise On The Pacific And The World, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor, Huizhong Zhou Editor
Upjohn Press
This book provides the perspectives of a group of noted China experts on how China’s economic expansion and internal reforms are impacting its neighbors in the Pacific region as well as the United States and the rest of the world.
Charles Ballard Interview, Justin Carinci
Charles Ballard Interview, Justin Carinci
External Papers and Reports
Professor Charles Ballard of Michigan State University delivered the lecture “The Fall and Rise of Income Equality in the United States” Sept. 27, 2017 as part of the Werner Sichel Lecture Series at Western Michigan University. Ballard detailed the “Great Convergence” of income equality in the United States that grew out of policies of the 1930s and 1940s and a “Great Divergence” of inequality starting about 1980. Ballard called this income gap, which is now greater than during the Gilded Age, “the largest economic phenomenon of our lifetimes.”
Confronting Policy Challenges Of The Great Recession: Lessons For Macroeconomic Policy, Eskander Alvi Editor
Confronting Policy Challenges Of The Great Recession: Lessons For Macroeconomic Policy, Eskander Alvi Editor
Upjohn Press
This book presents several notable economists who describe the perils the economy faced during the Great Recession and the policies—some successful, others not so much—that were implemented and why. By now, economists have had nearly a decade to examine the causes and consequences of the damage wrought by the Great Recession, and to assess the ensuing efforts to right the economy. The unprecedented losses, which spread across the global economy, posed extraordinary challenges for central bankers and policymakers alike, who were forced to throw out the playbook and create new, untested means for restoring growth.
Testing The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theory With A Natural Experiment, Assaf Zimring
Testing The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theory With A Natural Experiment, Assaf Zimring
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper uses the historical episode of the near-elimination of commuting from the West Bank into Israel, which caused a large and rapid expansion of the local labor force in the West Bank, to test the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) mode of trade. I use variation between districts in the West Bank to test these predictions, and find strong support for them: Wage changes were not correlated with the size of the shock to the district labor force (Factor Price Insensitivity); Districts that received larger influx of returning commuters shifted production more towards labor intensive industries (Rybczynski effect); And …
The Political Economy Of Good Governance, Sisay Asefa Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor
The Political Economy Of Good Governance, Sisay Asefa Editor, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor
Upjohn Press
The contributors to this book capture several of the key dimensions of good governance, as well as what deleterious and negative consequences may arise in its absence. They draw analysis and solutions from diverse sectors such as economics, public administration, management, and political science, in order to treat some of the most pressing societal issues of our time. They connect the importance of education, health, climate change, and poverty to address the challenges of creating a world where more countries embrace good governance policies to benefit their peoples.
Measuring Globalization: Better Trade Statistics For Better Policy, Susan N. Houseman Editor, Michael J. Mandel Editor
Measuring Globalization: Better Trade Statistics For Better Policy, Susan N. Houseman Editor, Michael J. Mandel Editor
Upjohn Press
Understanding the impacts of globalization requires good data, and national statistical systems were not designed to measure many of the transactions occurring in today’s global economy. The chapters in this volume and its companion volume identify biases and gaps in national statistics, examine the magnitude of the problems they pose, and propose solutions to address significant biases and fill key data gaps.
Trade Reform And Regional Dynamics: Evidence From 25 Years Of Brazilian Matched Employer-Employee Data, Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Brian K. Kovak
Trade Reform And Regional Dynamics: Evidence From 25 Years Of Brazilian Matched Employer-Employee Data, Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Brian K. Kovak
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We empirically study the dynamics of labor market adjustment following the Brazilian trade reform of the 1990s. We use variation in industry-specific tariff cuts interacted with initial regional industry mix to measure trade-induced local labor demand shocks, and then examine regional and individual labor market responses to those one-time shocks over two decades. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we do not find that the impact of local shocks is dissipated over time through wage-equalizing migration. Instead, we find steadily growing effects of local shocks on regional formal sector wages and employment for 20 years. This finding can be rationalized in a …
Trade, Competitiveness And Employment In The Global Economy, Susan N. Houseman
Trade, Competitiveness And Employment In The Global Economy, Susan N. Houseman
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
The Debate Over The State Of U.S. Manufacturing: How The Computer Industry Affects The Numbers And Perceptions, Susan N. Houseman
The Debate Over The State Of U.S. Manufacturing: How The Computer Industry Affects The Numbers And Perceptions, Susan N. Houseman
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Dragon Versus Eagle: The Chinese Economy And U.S.-China Relations, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor, Huizhong Zhou Editor
Dragon Versus Eagle: The Chinese Economy And U.S.-China Relations, Wei-Chiao Huang Editor, Huizhong Zhou Editor
Upjohn Press
This book contains a group of papers that examine the complex and evolving economic relationship between China and the United States.
Missing Pieces: A New Report To Congress Details Biases And Gaps In Economic Statistics Resulting From Globalization, Susan N. Houseman
Missing Pieces: A New Report To Congress Details Biases And Gaps In Economic Statistics Resulting From Globalization, Susan N. Houseman
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Offshoring And The State Of American Manufacturing, Susan N. Houseman, Christopher Kurz, Paul A. Lengermann, Benjamin R. Mandel
Offshoring And The State Of American Manufacturing, Susan N. Houseman, Christopher Kurz, Paul A. Lengermann, Benjamin R. Mandel
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The rapid growth of offshoring has sparked a contentious debate over its impact on the U.S. manufacturing sector, which has recorded steep employment declines yet strong output growth—a fact reconciled by the notable gains in manufacturing productivity. We maintain, however, that the dramatic acceleration of imports from developing countries has imparted a significant bias to the official statistics. In particular, the price declines associated with the shift to low-cost foreign suppliers generally are not captured in input cost and import price indexes. To assess the implications of offshoring bias for manufacturing productivity and value added, we implement the bias correction …
Globalization And International Development: Critical Issues Of The 21st Century, Sisay Asefa Editor
Globalization And International Development: Critical Issues Of The 21st Century, Sisay Asefa Editor
Upjohn Press
These papers address globalization issues with a special emphasis on its impact on poverty. Advances in transportation and telecommunications with instantaneous information and communication flows requires new approaches given the wide differences in cultures, political systems, languages, and ethnicities. Extreme variation in the international distributions of wealth, income, and poverty remain as enormous social problems to be addressed. In general, the contributors recommend expanding the flows between countries to accelerate growth and reduce inequalities. These flows include international trade and capital, migration, remittances, and foreign aid. But in addition to these hard commodities and dollars, there are flows of ideas, …
Human Resource Economics And Public Policy: Essays In Honor Of Vernon M. Briggs Jr., Charles J. Whalen Editor
Human Resource Economics And Public Policy: Essays In Honor Of Vernon M. Briggs Jr., Charles J. Whalen Editor
Upjohn Press
This book pays tribute to Vernon Briggs and his enduring mark on the study of human resources. The chapters, by his students and colleagues, explore and extend Briggs’s work on employment, education and training, immigration, and local labor markets. His unwavering emphasis on institutional reality, public policy, and economic dynamics animates the entire collection.