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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Evaluation Of Decentralization Outcomes In Indonesia: Analysis Of Health And Education Sectors, Rentanida Renata Simatupang
Evaluation Of Decentralization Outcomes In Indonesia: Analysis Of Health And Education Sectors, Rentanida Renata Simatupang
Economics Dissertations
This study examines the performance of decentralized health and education service delivery in Indonesia. Results show that education outcomes improved with decentralization, and that local governments are responding to local needs for education services. Decentralization also brings improvement to health services, as mortality rates and life expectancy are significantly improved with decentralization. However, results indicate that decentralization does not improve availability of health services, as only small percentage of municipalities in Indonesia have access to health facilities. The empirical study on the performance of proliferated municipalities provides similar conclusions to those obtained in the examination of general decentralization performance. Proliferated …
Electoral Manipulations, Economic Policies And Voting Behavior In India, Harini Letha Kannan
Electoral Manipulations, Economic Policies And Voting Behavior In India, Harini Letha Kannan
Economics Dissertations
This dissertation analyzes voting behavior and presence of political cycles in India. While such exercises have been carried out extensively in the context of developed countries and established democracies, there have been few studies on similar behavior in developing countries and new economies. The focus on India in this study may provide valuable insight into this literature in an area that has been largely ignored. Our findings suggest that political manipulation of taxes, grants and expenditures are prevalent at both the national and sub-national levels; though they are tempered by the nature of partisanship. However, while these manipulations may be …
A Comparative Study Of Fiscal Decentralization In China And India, Yinghua Jin
A Comparative Study Of Fiscal Decentralization In China And India, Yinghua Jin
Economics Dissertations
This dissertation provides an empirical test of the effects of fiscal decentralization and horizontal fiscal equalization on economic growth and examines the potential trade-off between horizontal fiscal equalization and economic growth in both China and India. Chapter II examines the effects of both fiscal decentralization and horizontal fiscal equalization on economic growth in China, particularly the effect of the Tax Sharing System reform enacted in 1994. Compared with previous studies, using more complete data providing better measures and more econometrically sophisticated instrumental variable procedures, we find that there is no substantial evidence of a trade-off between horizontal fiscal equalization and …
Essays On Interarea Wage Determination, John V. Winters
Essays On Interarea Wage Determination, John V. Winters
Economics Dissertations
This dissertation consists of two essays concerning the determination of wages across areas. The first essay investigates the equilibrium relationship between wages and prices across labor markets. Of central interest is the extent to which workers receive higher wages to compensate for differences in the cost of living. According to the spatial equilibrium hypothesis, the utility of homogenous workers should be equal across labor markets. This implies that controlling for amenity differences across areas, the elasticity between wages and the general price level across areas should equal one, at least under certain conditions. We test this hypothesis and find that …
Federal And State Environmental Policy: Environmental Federalism, Strategic Interaction, And Constituent Interest, Benjamin Andrew Chupp
Federal And State Environmental Policy: Environmental Federalism, Strategic Interaction, And Constituent Interest, Benjamin Andrew Chupp
Economics Dissertations
Environmental policy in the U.S. is often enacted at both the federal level and the state level. This dissertation uses unique data derived from a combination of a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity sector and an integrated assessment model of air pollution dispersion and valuation to examine three problems in state and federal environmental policy. These data represent the “taxes” (or shadow cost of abatement) on sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that are efficient for each state when considering only their own costs and benefits, and also the level of federal uniform tax on the same pollutants that …
Essays On The Aggregate Burden Of Alcohol Abuse, Resul Cesur
Essays On The Aggregate Burden Of Alcohol Abuse, Resul Cesur
Economics Dissertations
This dissertation attempts to uncover the causal relationship between alcohol abuse and both income growth and crime. These two research questions are investigated in three essays: Essay I investigates the relationship between alcohol abuse and income growth in the United States; Essay II examines the impact of alcohol abuse on income growth at the international level; Essay III investigates the effect of alcohol abuse on crime in the united states. Essay I of this dissertation uses state level data from the United States for the period 1970-1998 to estimate the impact of alcohol abuse on income growth by utilizing per …
An Economic Analysis Of Prison Labor, Robynn Joyce Afi Cox
An Economic Analysis Of Prison Labor, Robynn Joyce Afi Cox
Economics Dissertations
This dissertation will focus on prison work programs and prisoner rehabilitation. In particular, a program evaluation of the federal inmate labor program, the Prison Industry Enhancement Certificate Program (PIE), will be conducted in order to investigate how this program affects recidivism and labor market outcomes of offenders. This dissertation will contribute to the literature in two ways. First, it develops a simple theoretical model that incorporates prison labor into its framework in order to analyze how prison labor affects crime participation. The model suggests that the criminal’s problem is recursive. Therefore, the criminal will first decide how much time to …
Amenity Effect Or Supply Effect? Metropolitan Amenities And Their Interaction With Housing Supply, Kwame N. Donaldson
Amenity Effect Or Supply Effect? Metropolitan Amenities And Their Interaction With Housing Supply, Kwame N. Donaldson
Economics Dissertations
Standard models in urban economics assume that the boundary of an urban area will expand as long as the present value of land for urban uses is greater than the present value of land for rural uses. Under this assumption, the boundary of the urban area is endogenously determined by the rent paid to rural landowners. But this assumption is not realistic. The physical expansion of many major urban areas in the United States is impeded by an exogenous boundary. For example, geographic growth of the three most populated metropolitan areas in the country is limited by an ocean or …
Individual Income Tax In Indonesia: Behavioral Response, Incidence, And The Distribution Of Income Tax Burden, Thalyta Ernandya Yuwono
Individual Income Tax In Indonesia: Behavioral Response, Incidence, And The Distribution Of Income Tax Burden, Thalyta Ernandya Yuwono
Economics Dissertations
This dissertation estimates the relationship between tax-reporting decision and the change in marginal tax rates, relying on taxpayer's responses (standard labor supply response) as well as reported behavioral responses (compliance). There are still limited studies on elasticity estimates for developing countries. We utilize an applicable theoretical model by using standard labor supply model and summarize a tax avoidance model as the base of our elasticity estimation. The labor supply theoretical model suggests ambiguity of the labor supply decision and the tax avoidance model suggests that the responsiveness of taxpayers in the reporting decision differs across income groups. As previously stated, …
The Effect Of Changes In Maternity Leave Policy On Labor Market Outcomes For Females In Brazil, Viviane Maria Bastos De Malafaia
The Effect Of Changes In Maternity Leave Policy On Labor Market Outcomes For Females In Brazil, Viviane Maria Bastos De Malafaia
Economics Dissertations
Maternity leave policy has changed a few times over the last 20 years in Brazil. This dissertation investigates how a ceiling imposed on the maternity leave benefit paid by Brazilian Social Security in Dec, 1998 and its temporary suspension in May, 1999 affected females' employment and earnings using difference-in-difference method. We apply the difference-in-difference method to examine whether the changes in maternity leave policy negatively affected females in the labor market. Our analysis uses four treatment groups: 1) young females, aged 20 to 40 years; 2) young females working in the private sector; 3) older females, aged 41 to 65 …