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Full-Text Articles in Economics
Fertility Desires Among Hiv-Infected Men And Women In Los Angeles County: Client Needs And Provider Perspectives, Sebastian Linnemayr, Deborah Mindry, Glenn Wagner, Jordan Lake, Amber Smith, Molly Quinn, Risa Hoffmann
Fertility Desires Among Hiv-Infected Men And Women In Los Angeles County: Client Needs And Provider Perspectives, Sebastian Linnemayr, Deborah Mindry, Glenn Wagner, Jordan Lake, Amber Smith, Molly Quinn, Risa Hoffmann
Sebastian Linnemayr
Combination antiretroviral therapy for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) has extended life expectancy, and enabled PLHA to live productive lives that can include having children. Despite calls to address childbearing for PLHA there has been limited attention to developing safe conception programs. This research sought to assess the childbearing desires of PLHA and the experiences of health care providers serving this population. Research entailed a brief cross-sectional client survey given to HIV-infected men and women over age 18 at two Los Angeles County clinics administered over an 8-week period. Focus group discussions were conducted with providers at each clinic site. …
Fertility Choice, Mortality Expectations, And Interdependent Preferences: An Empirical Analysis, Sebastian Linnemayr, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, David Bloom
Fertility Choice, Mortality Expectations, And Interdependent Preferences: An Empirical Analysis, Sebastian Linnemayr, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, David Bloom
Sebastian Linnemayr
We investigate the empirical relationship between child mortality and fertility across 46 low and middle income countries. Specifically, we model the effect of mortality expectations and interdependent fertility preferences on fertility. The direct marginal effect of mortality expectations on fertility is larger than zero but less than unity. This implies that a decrease in mortality rates leads to a decrease in children born but to an increase in the number of surviving children and hence the rate of population growth. Taking into account interdependent fertility preferences, whereby an individual's fertility choice affects the fertility decisions of others, the marginal effect …
The Impact Of Natural Disasters On Child Health And Investments In Rural India, Sebastian Linnemayr, Ashlesha Datar, Jenny Liu, Chad Stecher
The Impact Of Natural Disasters On Child Health And Investments In Rural India, Sebastian Linnemayr, Ashlesha Datar, Jenny Liu, Chad Stecher
Sebastian Linnemayr
No abstract provided.
A Qualitative Exploration Of The Economic And Social Effects Of Microcredit Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Uganda, Sebastian Linnemayr, Glenn Wagner, Yashodhara Rana, James Balya, Lydia Buzaalirwa
A Qualitative Exploration Of The Economic And Social Effects Of Microcredit Among People Living With Hiv/Aids In Uganda, Sebastian Linnemayr, Glenn Wagner, Yashodhara Rana, James Balya, Lydia Buzaalirwa
Sebastian Linnemayr
HIV medical care, including antiretroviral therapy (ART), is often successful in restoring physical health and functioning. But in developing countries, HIV medical care is often insufficient to achieve social and economic health, and hence innovative economic support programs are much needed. We conducted semistructured interviews with 30 adults receiving ART and microcredit loans operated by Uganda Cares. Using content analysis, we explored the impact of the microcredit loans on the economic, social, and psychological well-being of respondents. Most respondents indicated that the microcredit loans played a positive role in their lives, helped them to keep their children in school and …
Factors Associated With Intention To Conceive And Its Communication To Providers Among Hiv Clients In Uganda, Glenn Wagner, Sebastian Linnemayr, Cissy Kityo, Peter Mugyenyi
Factors Associated With Intention To Conceive And Its Communication To Providers Among Hiv Clients In Uganda, Glenn Wagner, Sebastian Linnemayr, Cissy Kityo, Peter Mugyenyi
Sebastian Linnemayr
Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) must discuss their fertility intentions with healthcare providers to receive the support needed to have children safely and limit transmission risks. However, few quantitative studies have examined correlates of fertility intentions, let alone the communication of such intentions with providers. We examined the prevalence and correlates of intentions to have children, and comfort discussing such plans with one's providers, in HIV clients at two HIV clinics in Uganda. Cross-sectional self-report data were collected from 233 patients who had primary partners. Bivariate correlates significant at the P < 0.10 level were included in logistic regression analysis. Of the 233 participants, 103 (44%) reported an intention to conceive a child in the near future. In multivariate analysis, younger age of both the patient and their partner, better physical health functioning and higher internalized HIV stigma were associated with having fertility intentions. One-third (35%) of those with fertility intentions expressed having difficulty discussing these intentions with their providers, which was associated with receiving care at the rural clinic and greater internalized HIV stigma. These findings highlight the need for reproductive health services that help clients accept themselves as PLHA and their fertility rights, thus promoting patient-doctor communication needed to promote safe child conception and delivery outcomes.
Almost Random: Evaluating A Large-Scale Randomized Nutrition Program In The Presence Of Crossover, Sebastian Linnemayr, Harold Alderman
Almost Random: Evaluating A Large-Scale Randomized Nutrition Program In The Presence Of Crossover, Sebastian Linnemayr, Harold Alderman
Sebastian Linnemayr
Large-scale randomized interventions have the potential to uncover the causal effect of programs applying to a large population, thereby improving on the insights gained from currently dominant smaller randomized studies. However, the external validity gained through larger interventions typically risks deviation from the randomization protocol. This paper investigates the impact of the Nutrition Enhancement Program, which aims to improve child nutrition in Senegal. The analysis deals with deviation from the planned treatment and suggests approaches for combining ex-post adjustments such as propensity score matching with the randomized treatment plan. The authors do not detect a strong overall program impact on …
Economic Status And Coping Mechanisms Of Individuals Seeking Hiv Care In Uganda, Sebastian Linnemayr, Brooke Stearns Lawson, Peter Glick, Glenn Wagner
Economic Status And Coping Mechanisms Of Individuals Seeking Hiv Care In Uganda, Sebastian Linnemayr, Brooke Stearns Lawson, Peter Glick, Glenn Wagner
Sebastian Linnemayr
This study uses novel data to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the demographic and economic circumstances facing HIV-positive individuals who have just entered HIV care in Uganda. While the provision of HIV care and ART may improve physical health, to achieve the broader goal of improving the quality of life and socioeconomic viability of people living with HIV/AIDS, appropriate social and economic programs may need to complement treatment. We report results from baseline data of a longitudinal, prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up period in two Ugandan HIV clinics. We use t-tests to examine differences across sample subpopulations and …
Consumption Smoothing And Hiv/Aids: The Case Of Two Communities In South Africa, Sebastian Linnemayr
Consumption Smoothing And Hiv/Aids: The Case Of Two Communities In South Africa, Sebastian Linnemayr
Sebastian Linnemayr
HIV/AIDS threatens to overstretch the already frail informal safety nets in countries heavily affected by the epidemic, potentially making it difficult for households with HIV‐positive members to keep up appropriate consumption levels when experiencing shocks. These households may, in addition, face exclusion from informal insurance networks because of widespread stigmatization. Surprisingly, the resilience of informal networks to HIV‐related shocks and their uncertain worth for afflicted households in particular have not been empirically tested to date. Using 3 years of a novel panel data set from two poor South African communities experiencing HIV‐related illnesses and deaths, we investigate the ability of …
Anemia In Low-Income Countries Is Unlikely To Be Addressed By Economic Development Without Additional Programs, Sebastian Linnemayr, Harold Alderman
Anemia In Low-Income Countries Is Unlikely To Be Addressed By Economic Development Without Additional Programs, Sebastian Linnemayr, Harold Alderman
Sebastian Linnemayr
Although governments may decline to invest in iron fortification or supplementation influenced by the view that income growth will address the problem, the data do not support this view. Looking at the rates of anemia among children and adult women across 40 Demographic and Health Surveys from 32 countries, this study found that although anemia rates do decrease as income increases, the decrease is modest. Indeed, overall anemia rates decline roughly a quarter as fast as income increases and at only half the speed at which rates of underweight decline.
Determinants Of Malnutrition In Senegal: Individual, Household, Community Variables, And Their Interaction, Sebastian Linnemayr, Harold Alderman, Abdoulaye Ka
Determinants Of Malnutrition In Senegal: Individual, Household, Community Variables, And Their Interaction, Sebastian Linnemayr, Harold Alderman, Abdoulaye Ka
Sebastian Linnemayr
The relationship between poverty and nutrition is a two-sided one: on the one hand, economic growth (which is generally associated with an eradication of poverty) leads to reduced malnutrition. On the other hand, nutrition is one of the key ingredients for human capital formation, which in turn represents one of the fundamental factors of growth. There are numerous studies that show the correlates of malnutrition using both household- and community-level variables. However, few of these studies allow for the potential endogeneity of community infrastructure or indicate their interplay with characteristics of the mother. The current study considers the socio-economic determinants …
Effectiveness Of A Community-Based Intervention To Improve Nutrition In Young Children In Senegal: A Difference In Difference Analysis, Harold Alderman, Biram Ndiaye, Sebastian Linnemayr, Abdoulaye Ka, Claudia Rokx, Khadidiatou Dieng, Menno Mulder-Sibanda
Effectiveness Of A Community-Based Intervention To Improve Nutrition In Young Children In Senegal: A Difference In Difference Analysis, Harold Alderman, Biram Ndiaye, Sebastian Linnemayr, Abdoulaye Ka, Claudia Rokx, Khadidiatou Dieng, Menno Mulder-Sibanda
Sebastian Linnemayr
There are few studies of community growth promotion as a means of addressing malnutrition that are based on longitudinal analysis of large-scale programmes with adequate controls to construct a counterfactual. The current study uses a difference in difference comparison of cohorts to assess the impact on the proportion of underweight children who lived in villages receiving services provided by the Senegal Nutrition Enhancement Project between 2004 and 2006. The project, designed to extend nutrition and growth promotion intervention into rural areas through non-governmental organisation service providers, significantly lowered the risk of a child having a weight more than 2 sd …