Economics Commons^™

Boeing-Airbus Subsidy Dispute: A Sequel, Robert J. Carbaugh, John Olienyk

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Business

After intensifying in the 1980s and 1990s, the longstanding dispute between Europe and the United States over government subsidies for the commercial jetliner industry again heated up in 2004. This time, however, the stakes were higher because both nations sued each other at the World Trade Organization over government subsidies paid to their respective commercial jetliner companies. The dispute over subsidies has heightened trade tensions between the United States and Europe, as both companies spar for dominance in the highly competitive industry of commercial aircraft.

This paper provides a sequel to "Boeing-Airbus Subsidy Dispute: An Economic and Trade Perspective," a …

Who Survived The Titanic? A Logistic Regression Analysis, Lonnie K. Stevans, David Gleicher

Lonnie K. Stevans

A logistic regression analysis of an extensive data set on the Titanic passengers is presented which tests the likelihood that a Titanic passenger survived the accident--based upon passenger characteristics. The main finding is that underneath the strong overt preference afforded in the rescue by the authorities to women and children over men, there was a complex class determination of survival rates among men, on the one hand, and women and children, on the other. We hypothesize that the statistical interactions of gender and class are explained by two crucial decisions made by the ship’s authorities: 1. to encourage, and perhaps …

The Regional Capacity And Possible Expansion Of Holloman Afb, New Mexico: 2004, David A. Schauer, Dennis L. Soden, Brent Mccune, David Coronado

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Front Matter, Journal Of Microfinance

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

Realizing Mission Objectives: A Promising Approach To Measuring The Social Performance Of Microfinance Institutions, Katarzyna Pawlak, Michal Matul

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

This paper proposes a new approach for measuring the social performance of microfinance institutions. The key to developing sustainable social performance measurement (SPM) systems and practices is to consider their design from the perspective of the organizational mission. The fact that the SPM system is built on the organizational mission ensures its cost-effectiveness and facilitates its institutionalization. It not only stimulates an MFI to verify the fulfilment of its social mission and to innovate in the search for optimal solutions to address development needs in a given intervention context, but it also can improve its financial condition through client segmentation …

Foreign Exchange Risk Management Practices Of Microfinance Institution, Peter R. Crabb

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Foreign exchange risk remains a significant problem for microfinance institutions (MFIs). Many sources of potential funding for MFIs remain untapped due to the high risks of currency devaluation faced by these funding sources. Specifically, debt capital is available for MFIs but foreign exchange risk is a potential deterrent. This paper reviews current practices in the management of foreign exchange risk for and by MFIs. The advantages and disadvantages of these practices are discussed and alternative practices proposed.

Scoring Arrears At A Microlender In Bolivia, Mark Schreiner

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Can scoring models help microlenders in poor countries as much as they have helped credit-card lenders in rich countries? This paper presents a scorecard that predicts the probability that loans from a microlender in Bolivia will have arrears of 15 days or more. Although arrears in microfinance depend on many factors difficult to include in scorecards, the paper shows that inexpensive, simple-to-collect data does have some predictive power. In micro-finance, scoring will not replace loan officers, but it can flag high-risk cases and act as a cross-check on loan officers' judgment.

The Transformation Of The Microfinance Sector In India: Experiences, Options, And Future, M. S. Siriaram, Rajesh S. Upadhyayula

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

This paper discusses the growth and transformation of microfinance organizations (MFO) in India. Issues that have triggered transformation include size, diversity, sustainability, focus, and taxation. Transformation experiences in India are few. To move to the mainstream, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) choose from three popular forms of organizations: non-banking finance companies (NBFCs), banks, and cooperatives. It appears that there is no ideal path for spin-off. Regulatory changes are needed to allow MFOs to graduate to other legal forms as they grow organically. NGOs must be permitted to invest in the equity of MFOs, as is the case in Bolivia and Africa. Norms …

Impact Of Microfinance Programs On Children's Education: Do The Gender Of The Borrower And The Delivery Model Matter?, Nathalie Holvoet

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

This article highlights the effects particular features of microfinance programs have on childhood education. Using data from a South India household survey, the article examines how microfinance impacts schooling and literacy, how credit enters the household, and who brings it in. Regression results show that, in the case of direct bank-borrower credit delivery, it does not matter whether credit enters the household through the mother or the father. However, large differences occur when mothers obtain credit through women's groups. Analysis indicates that combined financial and social-group intermediation leads to higher educational inputs and outputs, mainly for girls. Individual interviewis with …

Microleasing: The Grameen Bank Experience, Asif Dowla

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Grameen Bank was the first microfinance institution (MFI) to introduce microleasing on a large scale. This paper provides a preliminary evaluation of Grameen's leasing program. Instead of providing a full-fledged impact assessment study, we examine the terms and conditions of the leasing program and evaluate its success in terms of outreach, repayment rate, and asset ownership.Analysis of program level data shows that the program is successful in terms of outreach and repayment performance. Through the program, poor men and women have become owners of power tillers, power looms, shallow machines, cellular phones, and even computers. The success of leasing suggests …

The Experience Of Financial Institutions In The Delivery Of Microcredit In The Philippines, Maria Abigail Carpio

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

This paper identifies the characteristic features of the different financial market players involved in the delivery of microcredit in the Philippines and looks into their experiences in addressing the credit demand of the small-borrower market segment, particularly the microenterprise sector. This paper argues that each group of lenders, specifically commercial banks, rural banks, credit-granting NGOs, and an apex financial institution, allocates its funds by establishing its own criteria for assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers and its own mechanisms to avoid borrower default. The delivery of microcredit takes place within an environment where the different financial market players face their own …

Vol. 06 No. 2 Journal Of Microfinance, Journal Of Microfinance

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

Trade Integration And Political Turbulence : Environmental Policy Consequences., Per G. Fredriksson, Muthukumara Mani

Faculty Scholarship

This paper contributes to the unresolved issue regarding the effect of economic integration on environmental policymaking. In particular, we discuss the joint impact of trade openness and political stability on environmental policymaking. Our theory predicts that the effect of trade integration on environmental policy is conditional on the degree of political stability. Trade integration affects the stringency of environmental policies due to changes in industry bribery behavior, and the effect is conditional on the degree of political stability. The empirical findings support the theory and are robust to alternative specifications. The stringency enhancing effect on environmental policy of trade integration …

Investing In Real Estate: Mortgage Financing Practices And Optimal Holding Period, Winston T. H. Koh, Edward H. K. Ng

Research Collection School Of Economics

Real estate investments are typically characterized by high degrees of leverage and long-loan tenures. In perfect capital markets, leverage has no impact on the investment decision apart from tax considerations. However, the mortgage financing market is imperfect in many countries. In the presence of market imperfections, an optimal holding period exists for real property investments. We provide a simple rule to calculate the optimal holding period to compare the required rate of return with the leveraged rate of return on equity.

Sustained Growth In Nebraska, Saeed Ahmad, John Austin, Tom Doering, Ernie Goss, Bruce Johnson, Mike Lundeen, Donis Petersan, Franz Schwarz, Eric Thompson, Keith K. Turner

Economics Faculty Publications

National Macroeconomic conditions are favorable for future expansion of income, employment, and revenue in Nebraska. In particular, the U.S. economy is now in the heart of an expansion expected to persist over the three year forecast period. The principal engine of growth will be a sustained expansion in private sector investment and consumption demand. However, the rate of growth in the national economy likely will be moderate rather than rapid. At least three factors will act to moderate growth. The first is higher energy prices. Rapid growth in global demand is expected to keep prices for oil and natural gas …

St. Cloud Area Quarterly Business Report, Vol. 6, No. 4, King Banaian, Richard A. Macdonald

St. Cloud Area Quarterly Business Report

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Malpractice Tort Reform On Defensive Medicine, Katherine D. Hennesy, Heather M. O'Neill

Business and Economics Faculty Publications

Positive defensive medicine occurs when physicians order additional tests or procedures primarily to avoid malpractice liability. This paper shows the degree of defensive medicine occurring across states is related to the malpractice environment in the states. As the environment changes due to malpractice tort reform, defensive medicine practices also change. This paper shows the existence of positive defensive medicine and how it adds to total health care expenditures for head trauma victims in 23 states in 2000. Moreover, given different malpractice environments across states, we witness variations in defensive medicine practices leading to differences in health care expenditures.

Land Values As A Source Of Local Government Finance, Tom Dunne

Books/Book Chapters

Funding local government has been a permanent feature of debates about public policy in Ireland and Many feel that the balance of power between local and central government is weighted too much in

This paper suggests that the concept of economic rent, on which the justification for property taxes rests and its relevance to the property market in a modern, economically successful and urbanised Ireland, needs to be vented, discussed and debated.

The proposition is that if a greater understanding was created about the economic characteristics of landed property both value capture and local property taxes would achieve greater public …

Instructors' Manual On Achieving Health And Safety In The Building And Repair Of Ships And Boats, William Murphy, James Nicholson

Bureau of Labor Education

This instructors' manual contains step by step approaches that instructors can use when teaching from the project book entitled: Achieving Health and Safety in the Building and Repair of Ships and Boats. The chapters in this manual match those contained in the book.

Achieving Health And Safety In The Building And Repair Of Ships And Boats, William Murphy, James Nicholson, Valerie Carter, Jane Crouch

Bureau of Labor Education

In 2002 there were over 5,500 fatalities reported by industries in the United States. A total of 4.7 million injuries and illnesses were reported in private sector workplaces in 2002, resulting in a rate of 5.3 cases per 100 equivalent fulltime workers. The Liberty Mutual 2002 Workplace Safety Index estimates that direct costs for occupational injuries in 1999 rose to $40.1 billion, with indirect costs reaching over $200 billion. Shipyard work is very hazardous, with an injury-illness incidence rate of 16.6 that is more than twice that of construction and general industry.4 While boatyard work is more diverse, and usually …

Employment Creation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector: The Case For The Manufacturing Of Cotton, Textile In Nigeria., Onuoha G. Nkem

Bullion

Nigeria is the third largest producer of cotton in Africa after Egypt and Sudan. Cotton growing zones are mainly in the Northern parts of the country, though the planting of cotton started in Western Nigeria. This paper focusses on the manufacture of cotton, textile in Nigeria, sources of material available, the equipment required, manpower, the land space required, the capital outlay and Profitability of the business. The paper concludes that from the financial result of the above analysis, the project is economically viable and technically feasible. Neem Seeds as Raw Materials is in abundance and can be sourced at lower …

Employment Creation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector. The Millinery Industry In Nigeria., Mark Chito Mrs.

Bullion

This paper examines the establishment of millinery factory in Nigeria, the capital outlay, equipment, landscape, sources of materials, profitability and target market. The paper contends that anybody can learn hat making skills and procedure but sustainability in the millinery industry is a function of creativity, foresight and artistic venturesome-ness. The study argues that the foreign market for Nigerian hats may well exceed that of the local in leaps and bounds. Nigeria appears to have a traditional attitude of disdain against their own locally produced materials even when such is internationally recognised and accepted.

Employment Creation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector. The Case For The Production Of Corn Flakes., Abdullahi Abubakar

Bullion

Cornflakes production is a promising viable business considering the increasing rate of urbanizing and our penchant for fast foods. Moreover, the demands of children for breakfast cereals especially in preparation for school and even in leisure times made the cornflakes business a promising and worthwhile venture for consideration by any aspiring entrepreneur. This paper examines cornflakes production, machinery and equipment, production process, market potentials, production capacity, financing cornflakes production and necessary approvals. The study concludes that The value added in a gross output of about sixty small textile mills with a gross output of N1.014 Trillion is N0.670 Trillion. This …

Employment Generation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector. The Case For The Manufacturing Of Farm Implements., Ihinodu I. I

Bullion

The modernization of agriculture has the potential to achieve the various objectives of creating employment, increasing productivity and output in both the sector and the entire economy, thus contributing to the food security goal of the government. This paper aims primarily at examining the prospects as well as the processes of manufacturing agricultural implements with a view to encouraging small/medium entrepreneurs to engage in the ventures. It examines the manufacturing activities of farm implements. It analyses the role which governments should play as well as highlighting the potential benefits of the enterprises. The paper conclude that given the stage of …

Employment Creation And Opportunities In The Manufacturing Sub-Sector. The Case For Neem Tree In Nigeria., Abdullahi Abubakar

Bullion

This paper is focused on neem oil production for both local and export markets. It examines Neem, (Azadirachta indica A Juss), an evergreen tree that belongs to the family, Meliaceae and is known by the botanical name Azadirachta indica A Juss. lt is a fast growing tree, well adapted to semi-arid conditions and grows well on poor shallow stony or sandy soils where agricultural crops give low yields despite the application of fertilisers. The paper examines the origin of the neem tree, composition, uses, products, investment potentials and financial analysis on profile for neem seeds processing. The study conclude that …

Industry Clusters And Economic Development: A Learning Resource, Edward J. Feser

Edward J Feser

One of the most widely discussed issues in community and economic development today is the role of industry clusters as engines of regional growth and development. Many communities are undertaking cluster studies or initiating cluster planning exercises as a way to organize development strategies to promote key local economic strengths or to shore up identified weaknesses. A large consulting industry has emerged to serve governments’ interest in clusters and the research literature on the topic is growing rapidly. At the same time, some analysts have likened clusters to another economic development fad that will eventually be supplanted by the next …

The State Of The Region: Hampton Roads 2004, James V. Koch, Shweta Agarwal, Vinod Agarwal, Monisha Basnet, Joshua Behr, John R. Broderick, Ben Card, Michael Clemons, Chris Colburn, Vicky Curtis, Steve Daniel, Jeffrey Harlow, Susan Hughes, Enrique Inclan, Kristine Karlsen, Jayme Lackore, Sharon Lomax, Janet Molinaro, Kenneth Plum, Lee Teply, Shara Weber, Gilbert Yochum

Economics Faculty Books

This is Old Dominion University's fifth annual State of the Region report. While it represents the work of many people connected in various ways to the university, the report does not constitute an official viewpoint of Old Dominion, or it's president, Dr. Roseann Runte.

The report maintains the goal of stimulating thought and discussion that ultimately will make Hampton Roads an even better place to live. We are proud of our region's many successes, but realize that it is possible to improve our performance. In order to do so, we must have accurate information about "where we are" and a …

St. Cloud Area Quarterly Business Report, Vol. 6, No. 3, King Banaian, Richard A. Macdonald

St. Cloud Area Quarterly Business Report

No abstract provided.

Investment In Soap Production., Olatunji O.

Bullion

Soap production business is in the group of industrial ventures that could easily be operated on a small scale to boost the country's economic development. This paper focusses on the Product, market information, raw materials for making soap, Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) regulations for soap, production process, machinery and equipment requirement, proposed production programme. manpower requirement, space requirement and estimated total capital requirement. The study conclude that the project requires the services of both skilled and unskilled labour. For the capacity recommended, the following labour force is required: one Production Manager, six Production Assistants, twelve Factory Operators, two Marketing …

Montana Nonresident Traveler Expenditure Profiles: 2003, Jim Wilton

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

This report examines spending profiles of nonresident travelers to Montana. It displays the average daily expenditures by purpose of trip for different spending categories during 2003.