Anthropology Commons^™

Social Tolerance, Cooperation, And Constraint Shape Differentiated Social Relationships In Female Chimpanzees, Stephanie Fox

Anthropology ETDs

In this dissertation, I investigate variables that promote and constrain female-female social relationships in chimpanzees, a species where females disperse at sexual maturity, reside primarily among non-kin as adults, and where fission fusion social structure can reveal how female social behavior responds to different social contexts. I conducted my research using a combination of detailed behavioural data that I collected during a one-year field season (2019-2020) and long-term data (2010-2019) collected by the Kibale Chimpanzee Project. I show that female chimpanzees form stable, differentiated social relationships, which reflect active preferences and variation in social tolerance (Chapter 2); females leverage these …

Energetic Tradeoffs, Infection, And Immunity In Wild Chimpanzees Of Uganda And Tanzania, Sarah Renee Phillips

Anthropology ETDs

Infectious disease is a primary source of mortality for most mammal species, but scientists have little understanding of factors driving variation in infection and immunity between individuals, populations, and species in the wild. Life history theory provides an evolutionary framework for delineating distribution of available energy to competing physiological demands, including growth, reproduction, and maintenance. Early life reproduction should be favored over late life survival, but, in long-lived species, reproductive success is strongly tied to survival to old age. Slower pace of reproduction could allow investment in immunity, reducing risk of morbidity and mortality to infectious disease. Additionally, several host …

Effects Of Environmental Change On Ancestral Pueblo Fishing In The Middle Rio Grande, Jonathan W. Dombrosky Dr.

Anthropology ETDs

It has long been assumed that fishes were unimportant in the diet of past Pueblo people in the U.S. Southwest. Yet, small numbers of fish remains are consistently recovered from Late pre-Hispanic/Early Historic archaeological sites in the Middle Rio Grande of New Mexico. The end of drought conditions may have impacted food choice and fishing decisions during this time. I use behavioral ecology to understand how fishing could have been an optimal food-getting strategy for Ancestral Pueblo farmers. Stable isotope analysis offers a way to account for environmental change. I provide a refined ¹³C Suess correction model to support …

Steroid Hormones And Human Variability: Correlation Of Androgen Levels With Age And Occupation In Normal Subjects, Frances E. Purifoy

Anthropology ETDs

The endocrine system, coordinated with the central nervous system, is an important mediator of the genetic-environmental interactions which influence the development of human phenotypes. For this reason, endocrine parameters provide an important source of information for anthropological studies. This research focuses on the role of the endocrine system in normal human variability, with emphasis on the steroid hormones, which affect numerous aspects of mammalian morphology, physiology and behavior. Preceding the discussion of original research is an extensive literature review on hormonal variation in each of three areas: 1) sex and inter-individual variation, with emphasis on behavior; 2) variation with age, …

The Ethnobotany Of The Isleta Indians, Volney H. Jones

Anthropology ETDs

This study is an outgrowth of the increasing interest in the history, ethnology, and archaeology of the Pueblo Indians of the Southwest. Although much research has been done in this very fertile field, new and fascinating problems are constantly pre­senting themselves.

When one states that the environment greatly influences a people he speaks truisms and common knowledge. The arid South­west with its distinctive flora offers an unusual environment to which the Indian had adapted himself remarkably well. The object in general of this problem has been to study the reciprocal re­lation between the Isleta Indian and his plant environment; speci­fically, …