Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Sudan (10)
- Economics (8)
- Impacts of Macroeconomic Policies on the Economic Sectors (5)
- The Impacts of Social Justice and Income Distribution in Sudan (4)
- Macroeconomic Policies (3)
-
- Pakistan (3)
- Banking (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Economic Growth (2)
- Energy resources (2)
- Human Resource Management, Business (2)
- Poverty (2)
- Trade Openness (2)
- Agricultural Development (1)
- Agriculture (1)
- Agriculture; Environmental regulation; Hotelling theory; Land use; Pollution (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Autocracy (1)
- Backstop technology (1)
- Banking sector (1)
- Cash outflow (1)
- Civil Strife (1)
- Co-Integration (1)
- Comparative advantage (1)
- Comparative dynamics (1)
- Consequences (1)
- Conservation technologies (1)
- Consumption (1)
- Credit (1)
- Democracy (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Agricultural and Resource Economics
Cartels In An "Nth-Best" World: The Wholesale Foodstuff Trade In Ibadan, Nigeria, Harlan M. Smith Ii, Margaret E. Luttrell
Cartels In An "Nth-Best" World: The Wholesale Foodstuff Trade In Ibadan, Nigeria, Harlan M. Smith Ii, Margaret E. Luttrell
Harlan M. Smith
The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the economic functions and associated welfare implications of the cooperative associations that dominate the wholesale trade in two staple foods. Questionnaire responses lead to several conclusions. Individual traders face incomplete markets, imperfect information, and little government-provided institutional and physical infrastructure. The associations are sophisticated "Coase-like" responses to this market environment: they focus on reducing their members' transaction costs, and hence the marginal private costs of trading. Thus it is likely that these associations enhance efficiency. We conclude with a critique of current government policy with respect to this trade.
Human Capital Formation And Economic Development In Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Mahboob Ul Hassan, Muhammad Shahid
Human Capital Formation And Economic Development In Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Mahboob Ul Hassan, Muhammad Shahid
Muhammad Irfan Chani
This study investigates the casual relationship between economic development and formation of human capital in Pakistan. Based on endogenous growth theory, this study empirically tests the standard growth model consisting of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a dependent variable and human capital formation, investment in physical capital and labor force as independent variables. Autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to cointegration is used to check the long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables included in the model. For checking the causal relationship between economic development and human capital formation, pair-wise Granger causality test is used for time series …
Some Socio Economic Determinants Of Fertility In Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Muhammad Shahid, Mahboob Ul Hassan
Some Socio Economic Determinants Of Fertility In Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Muhammad Shahid, Mahboob Ul Hassan
Muhammad Irfan Chani
This study aims to investigate the role that various socioeconomic factors like female education, urbanization and female labour force participation play in determining fertility of women in Pakistan. ARDL bound test approach to cointegration is used to analyze the long-run relationship of the variables by using the data for the period from 1980 to 2009. The empirical results show that there exists a long-run as well as short-run relationship between fertility and urbanization, female labour force participation and female education in Pakistan. The analysis indicates there is a negative relationship between all 3 determinants with fertility. Female education and urbanization …
Cycles In Nonrenewable Resource Prices With Pollution And Learning-By-Doing, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Andrew Leach, Michel Moreaux
Cycles In Nonrenewable Resource Prices With Pollution And Learning-By-Doing, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Andrew Leach, Michel Moreaux
Ujjayant Chakravorty
We study how environmental regulation in the form of a cap on aggregate emissions from a fossil fuel (e.g., coal) interacts with the arrival of a clean substitute (e.g., solar energy). The cost of the substitute is assumed to decrease with cumulative use because of learning-by-doing. We show that optimal energy prices may initially increase because of pollution regulation, but fall due to learning, and rise again because of scarcity of the resource, finally falling after transition to the clean substitute. Thus nonrenewable resource prices may exhibit cyclical behavior even in a purely deterministic setting.
An Analysis Of Different Approaches To Women Empowerment: A Case Study Of Pakistan, Amatul R. Chaudhary, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Zahid Pervaiz
An Analysis Of Different Approaches To Women Empowerment: A Case Study Of Pakistan, Amatul R. Chaudhary, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Zahid Pervaiz
Muhammad Irfan Chani
Impacts Of Social Upbringing On Family Integration In Military Life In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Impacts Of Social Upbringing On Family Integration In Military Life In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
In a country on the eve of losing one third of its land, 80% of potential natural resources and 75% of external exports value, economic future seems gloomy. Many opinions were given for economic solutions after the Southern Sudan secession. However, that does not support a theoretical framework that those are the only reasons for the expected economic collapse. Our theory here is that such collapse already happened because of economic mismanagement, corruption and hoarding initiated by the calls for empowerment and carried out by the regime's members. Such acts extended to the banks, economic institutions and randomized privatization. The …
Impacts Of Formal Financing On The Development Of The Sudanese Agricultural Sector, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Impacts Of Formal Financing On The Development Of The Sudanese Agricultural Sector, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The agricultural sector of Sudan is faced by many problems. In the irrigated schemes, the government who officially owns most of them there are entrenched managerial problems that brewed for more than six decades. Moreover, the privatization policies of those schemes provoked many outcries and protests. Large schemes like Gezira have collapsed, this year 2011, only 10% of its over one million hectares were cultivated. The rainfed farming is not different with lack of machineries, shortages of available labor and high priced agricultural inputs, it is not expected to fare better than the irrigated schemes. However, even if those problems …
Impacts Of Sudan Macroeconomic Policy On Agriculture, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Impacts Of Sudan Macroeconomic Policy On Agriculture, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The crisis of Southern Sudan and eminent secession in 9 July 2011 is a nightmare to the Sudanese national economy. The dependence on oil revenue that controlled the country for the past 11 years and negligence of the other real economy's economic sectors, agriculture and industry severely threatens the country. That is not only with diminished returns but with also with economic nightmarish economic catastrophe, famine and internal implosion. Short-sightedness on utilizing the oil money that bubbled the economy atrophied the real economic sectors and disabled it from responding to secession consequences of parting with 75% of revenues from oil …
Effects Of Social Edification And Family Integration In Military Life In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Effects Of Social Edification And Family Integration In Military Life In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The Sudanese army human components are unique in its composition. That is reflected in the country's political and social life. The independence of 1956 means fifty five of turmoil and turbulences. Democratically elected governments controlled the country for only ten years while the military institution's coup de etats took the rest. This paper studies the impacts of social upbringing on the families, military or civilians in order too shed lights on why all military, seemingly are possessed by the illusion of grasping power. The military seems built into the Sudanese society in superior form, i.e., above the law. Thus if …
Eco-Labeling And Market Equilibria With Noisy Certification Tests, Charles F. Mason
Eco-Labeling And Market Equilibria With Noisy Certification Tests, Charles F. Mason
Charles F Mason
No abstract provided.
Challenges Of Formal Social Security Systems In Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Challenges Of Formal Social Security Systems In Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The present paper discusses issues of challenges of social security systems in Sudan. Following parameters advanced by ILO and UNCOSOC, those systems are analyzed. The conclusions focus on their applicability that faces axial difficulties mainly presented in the state of institutional interregnum facing the country. Moreover, it is important to revisit aspects of social cohesion that serves greater role in traditional social security in the Sudan.
Analysis Of The Impact Of Cash Out-Flow From The Banking Sector On The Sudanese Economy, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Analysis Of The Impact Of Cash Out-Flow From The Banking Sector On The Sudanese Economy, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Sudan as an example of LDCs the banking sector has been suffering from the problem of cash outflow over the last three decades, generating the following impacts: Loss of banking sector of its role of financial inter-mediation, cash scarcity in the banking sector, large government borrowings from unreal source of finance, thus, more inflation. The research attempts to specify the main determinants of cash outflow from the banking sector in Sudan (during the period 1972-2001). Hence, those revealing the major impacts of the cash outflow on the economic activity and rates of inflation. The research hypotheses were: (1) the Banks …
Effects Of Multicollinearity On The Estimation Of Macroeconomic Variables: Using Data From Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Effects Of Multicollinearity On The Estimation Of Macroeconomic Variables: Using Data From Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The problem of multicollinearity in the assessments of coefficients is well established. However, it is rarely researched in the estimations of macroeconomic variables and economic performance of developing countries. Predicatively, it has impacts on the estimations of coefficients that should be used in economic decisions, strategic planning and if researchers are more industrious estimations of monetary supplies and demands. All such parameters are very basic and essential in economic plannings and their applications should be done not only in research but in ground applications of the specialized authorities, e.g., Ministries of Finance, Central Banks, Pricing Units, etc. However, that is …
Humanitarian Aid, Internal Displacement And Social Impacts In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Humanitarian Aid, Internal Displacement And Social Impacts In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The study presented here reviews activities of NGOs in Sudan by surveying and studying the activities of Save the Children of United Kingdom. Activities of NGOs in Sudan were always a controversial issue that resulted in the expulsion of many in 2009. There were also precedents of such expulsions in previous and following years. The paper discusses humanitarian work in Sudan, positive and negative sides. The case study's activities of the Save the Children efforts in Jebel Aulia Internally Displaced People, specially their efforts in education were investigated. It is concluded that introduce invaluable help in educational field, building classes …
Would Hotelling Kill The Electric Car?, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Andrew Leach, Michel Moreaux
Would Hotelling Kill The Electric Car?, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Andrew Leach, Michel Moreaux
Ujjayant Chakravorty
In this paper, we show that the potential for endogenous technological change in alternative energy sources may alter the behavior of resource-owning firms. When technological progress in an alternative energy source can occur through learning-by-doing, resource owners face competing incentives to extract rents from the resource and to prevent expansion of the new technology. We show that in such a context, it is not necessarily the case that scarcity-driven higher traditional energy prices over time will induce alternative energy supply as resources are exhausted. Rather, we show that as we increase the learning potential in the substitute technology, lower equilibrium …
Determination Of Import Demand In Pakistan: The Role Of Expenditure Components, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Zahid Pervaiz, Amatul R. Chaudhary
Determination Of Import Demand In Pakistan: The Role Of Expenditure Components, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Zahid Pervaiz, Amatul R. Chaudhary
Muhammad Irfan Chani
The paper uses imperfect substitution approach to derive the aggregate import demand function on the basis of disaggregated expenditure components. This derived import demand function is then empirically tested for Pakistan by using co-integration and error correction mechanism. The empirical results show that elasticity of import demand with respect to different macro components of final expenditure is different. The import demand in Pakistan is affected positively and significantly by all expenditure components. The relative prices have negative but insignificant relationship with import demand in Pakistan. The findings indicate that use of aggregate expenditure variable in the aggregate import demand function …
Poverty, Inflation And Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Zahid Pervaiz, Sajjad Ahmad Jan, Amjad Ali, Amatul R. Chaudhary
Poverty, Inflation And Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Zahid Pervaiz, Sajjad Ahmad Jan, Amjad Ali, Amatul R. Chaudhary
Muhammad Irfan Chani
This study aims to investigate the role of economic growth and inflation in explaining the prevalence of poverty in Pakistan. ARDL bound testing approach to co-integration confirms the existence of long run relationship among the variables of poverty, economic growth, inflation, investment and trade openness over the period of 1972-2008. Empirical results show that economic growth and investment have negative and inflation has positive impact on poverty. The effect of trade openness on poverty is insignificant in this study. The short run analysis reveals that economic growth has negative and inflation has positive impact on poverty whereas the role of …
Financial Crises And Economic Growth In Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis, Rauf -I- Azam, Iram Batool, Rabia Imran, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Javed Mahmood Jasra
Financial Crises And Economic Growth In Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis, Rauf -I- Azam, Iram Batool, Rabia Imran, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Javed Mahmood Jasra
Muhammad Irfan Chani
The purpose of this research is to investigate causal relationship between economic growth and major indicators of financial crisis -- inflation rate, interest rate and the volume of foreign debt-- in Pakistan. This study also highlights the stability of the relationship between indicators of financial crisis and economic growth. The annual time series data ranging from 1972 to 2010 is used for the analysis. Johansen's co-integration test is used to check the stability of long nm equilibrium relationship between the variables used in the study. The results indicate that is long nm stable equilibrium relationship between economic growth and the …
Gender Inequality And Economic Growth: A Time Series Analysis For Pakistan, Zahid Pervaiz, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Sajjad Ahmad Jan, Amatul R. Chaudhary
Gender Inequality And Economic Growth: A Time Series Analysis For Pakistan, Zahid Pervaiz, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Sajjad Ahmad Jan, Amatul R. Chaudhary
Muhammad Irfan Chani
This paper attempts to analyze the impact of gender inequality on economic growth of Pakistan. An annual time series data for the period of 1972-2009 has been used in this study. We have regressed growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita on labour force growth, investment, trade openness and a composite index of gender inequality. The results reveal that labour force growth, investment and trade openness have statistically significant and positive impact whereas gender inequality has a significant and negative effect on economic growth of Pakistan.
Economic Crisis And External Trade In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Economic Crisis And External Trade In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Nowadays, Sudan suffers severe financial crisis with the eminent demise of 75% of its oil revenues that represented over 90% of its foreign currency after the secession of its Southern part after a constitutional referendum. The compensatory revenues generating economic sectors are not able in the short, medium or runs to function due to the lack/diminished infrastructures. Hard currency exchange rates have soured against the domestic one and inflation sky-rocketed with severe recession grasping the economic cycle in the country which assess logic assumptions of stagflation. Reforming Sudan's foreign trade sector is essential though it will not replace oil revenues …
Factors Effecting Job Satisfaction Of Employees In Pakistani Banking Sector, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Sher Aslam, Muhammad Azam, Kashif -Ur- Rehman
Factors Effecting Job Satisfaction Of Employees In Pakistani Banking Sector, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Sher Aslam, Muhammad Azam, Kashif -Ur- Rehman
Muhammad Irfan Chani
Impacts Of Islamic And Commercial Banks' Reserves Restrictions On Macroeconomic Parameters Of Sudan (2007-2009), Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Impacts Of Islamic And Commercial Banks' Reserves Restrictions On Macroeconomic Parameters Of Sudan (2007-2009), Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
The paper analyzes the impacts of Islamic and conventional Banks reserves' restrictions in Sudan. Comprehensively, those restrictions are necessary for health banks, performance and the viability of the macroeconomic performance in any country. The selected period of the analysis (2007-2009) is vital to study impacts of the Global Financial Crisis on the Sudanese economy. The paper introduces available data on banks institutions, macroeconomic policies and the central Bank of Sudan considering its part on controlling money supply and demand besides drawing policies for banks behaviors. It is conceivable from my conclusions here that there are conflicts between conventional and Islamic …
Measuring Poverty And Human Capital Development In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Measuring Poverty And Human Capital Development In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Catastrophes in Sudan are of many dimensions. Food security is a chronic and intrinsic problem in Sub Saharan Africa which is a fact recognized by the international society. Political instability, civil wars and finally recent secession of its Southern part is another fact which may be taken as a vivid example for other regions of that previously largest African country to be followed. The present paper introduces an analysis and assessment of measurements for human development indices in Sudan. It is empirically concluded that human welfare is invisible. The parameters are very low. Strategies are needed to provide for basic …
Employee Voice And Intent To Leave: An Empirical Evidence Of Pakistani Banking Sector, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Muhammad Asghar Ali, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Hashim Khan, Kashif Ur Rehman
Employee Voice And Intent To Leave: An Empirical Evidence Of Pakistani Banking Sector, Ahmed Imran Hunjra, Muhammad Asghar Ali, Muhammad Irfan Chani, Hashim Khan, Kashif Ur Rehman
Muhammad Irfan Chani
A Note On Causal Relationship Between Fdi And Savings In Bangladesh, Mohammad Salahuddin, Muhammad Shahbaz Shahbaz, Muhammad Irfan Chani
A Note On Causal Relationship Between Fdi And Savings In Bangladesh, Mohammad Salahuddin, Muhammad Shahbaz Shahbaz, Muhammad Irfan Chani
Muhammad Irfan Chani
This paper aims to investigate the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and gross domestic savings in Bangladesh over a period of 1985-2007. In doing so, Johansen cointegration technique and error correction methods are employed to examine the long run and short run relationship between foreign direct investment and gross domestic savings. To determine the direction of causality, we used innovation accounting approach. Results suggest that there exist bi-directional causal relationship between foreign direct investment and gross domestic savings but the movement is stronger from domestic savings to foreign direct investment. The result also implies complimentary relationship between them and …
Water Allocation Under Distribution Losses: Comparing Alternative Institutions, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Eithan Hochman, Chieko Umetsu, David Zilberman
Water Allocation Under Distribution Losses: Comparing Alternative Institutions, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Eithan Hochman, Chieko Umetsu, David Zilberman
Ujjayant Chakravorty
The distribution of water resources is characterized by increasing returns to scale. Distribution links water generation to its end-use. Standard economic analysis overlooks the interaction among these micro-markets - generation, distribution and end-use. We compare water allocation when there is market power in each micro-market. These outcomes are compared with benchmark cases - social planning and a competitive business-as-usual regime. Simulations suggest that institutions with market power in generation and end-use generate significantly higher welfare than the distribution monopoly and the competitive regime. However, if the policy goal is to maximize the size of the grid, a distribution monopoly is …
Ordering The Extraction Of Polluting Nonrenewable Resources, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Michel Moreaux, Mabel Tidball
Ordering The Extraction Of Polluting Nonrenewable Resources, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Michel Moreaux, Mabel Tidball
Ujjayant Chakravorty
A well-known theorem by Herfindahl states that the low cost nonrenewable resource must be exploited first. Consider resources that are differentiated only by their pollution content. For instance, both coal and natural gas are used to generate electricity, yet coal is more polluting. We show that the ordering of extraction need not be driven by whether a resource is clean or dirty. Coal may be used first, followed by natural gas and again by coal. Such “vacillation” does not occur under cost heterogeneity. A perverse policy implication is that regulating pollution may accelerate use of the polluting resource.
A Dynamic Model Of Food And Clean Energy, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Bertrand Magne, Michel Moreaux
A Dynamic Model Of Food And Clean Energy, Ujjayant N. Chakravorty, Bertrand Magne, Michel Moreaux
Ujjayant Chakravorty
In the midwestern United States, ethanol produced from corn is mixed with gasoline to meet clean air standards. Allocating land to produce clean fuel means taking away land from farming. We examine the use of a scarce fossil fuel that causes pollution but may be substituted by a clean fuel produced from land. When land is scarce, it is gradually shifted away from farming to energy production. However, when land is abundant, there may be a jump in the supply of clean energy. When the stock of pollution is regulated, the supply of clean energy may exhibit multiple discontinuities.
Democracy Autocracy And Macroeconomic Performance In Pakistan, Nasir Iqbal, Sardar Javaid Iqbal Khan, Muhammad Irfan Chani
Democracy Autocracy And Macroeconomic Performance In Pakistan, Nasir Iqbal, Sardar Javaid Iqbal Khan, Muhammad Irfan Chani
Muhammad Irfan Chani
Pakistan showed a healthy growth rate of 5.6 percent during the entire history and faced many ups and downs in economic growth due to dramatic changes in political regimes. The literature shows mixed results regarding the impact of autocracy or democracy on economic growth. The aggregate growth of the economy under autocracy remained better as compared to democratic period. Financial indicators show consistent path through out the history of Pakistan. Different trade policies are designed in different regime to run the external sector and the impact of each policy was different.
Introduction To Research Methodologies, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Introduction To Research Methodologies, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed
In this book, I introduce basics of research methodologies in Arabic language which I believe is an unprecedented step. The conceptions, research frameworks, sampling and some detailed methods are given in this text book. Moreover, some analytical statistical methods are introduced to give insights to researchers. Methods of writing the scientific reports and papers in addition to documentation of references and classifying the required logical process of a thesis are detailed in this text. I introduce this book that was published by the Africa International University in Khartoum, Sudan for the purpose of helping sub and post graduate university students …