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Youth violence

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

African American Adolescents' Exposure To Community Firearm Violence And Associated Factors, Colleen S. Walsh Jan 2024

African American Adolescents' Exposure To Community Firearm Violence And Associated Factors, Colleen S. Walsh

Theses and Dissertations

Firearm violence is a public health crisis in the United States that disproportionately impacts African American adolescents and families living in economically marginalized communities. The current firearm violence exposure literature includes a limited focus on the (a) the identification of risk and promotive factors that influence the likelihood of exposure to community firearm violence, (b) is cross-sectional, (c) focuses on outcomes of firearm violence exposure, and (d) does not examine bi-directional relations to determine if risk and promotive factors are causes and/or consequences of firearm violence exposure. This gap in research is further exacerbated by the limited focus on African …

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Parent Physical And Psychological Aggression And Youth Dating Violence: A Latent Class Analysis Approach, Heidi Adams Rueda, Kaitlyn Paxton Ward, Steven Hoffman Dec 2023

Parent Physical And Psychological Aggression And Youth Dating Violence: A Latent Class Analysis Approach, Heidi Adams Rueda, Kaitlyn Paxton Ward, Steven Hoffman

Social Work Faculty Publications

Adolescent dating violence is a national public health issue and research suggests that aggressive parenting may predict the likelihood that a child will subsequently experience abuse. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of parent physical and psychological aggression on adolescent dating violence perpetration and victimization. Data derived from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study resulted in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adolescents in dating relationships at the age of 15 years (N = 952). Utilizing both parent and adolescent data which assessed parenting practices at ages 3, 5, 9, and 15, …

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Perceptions Of The Grant Decision-Making Process: A Study Of Foundation Grantmakers And Grant Seekers Who Focus On Youth Violence In Chicago, Illinois, Patiya Freely Jan 2023

Perceptions Of The Grant Decision-Making Process: A Study Of Foundation Grantmakers And Grant Seekers Who Focus On Youth Violence In Chicago, Illinois, Patiya Freely

Dissertations

Local partners like churches, schools, and community organizations are often at the front lines of addressing the problem of recurring deadly violence against Black urban youth. Foundation grants are frequently used to fund their work. While foundations annually award millions of dollars in grants to community-based organizations addressing youth violence, there is little detailed information available about the foundation grantmaking decision-making process. Notably, there is a lack of research on the determinants of the grant decision-making process that may inadvertently affect grantee outcomes and ultimately the of beneficiary organizations and communities.A sample of ten decision-makers who had funded or sought …

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Radical Listening, Action, And Reflection At The Boundaries Of Youth Violence Prevention, Laurie Ross, Roberto Diaz, Daniel Ford, Frankie Franco, Angel Guzman, Olivia Knightly, Maggie Macdonald, Eduardo Pagan, Jorge Ramos, Gabriel Rodriguez, Stacie Scott, Samuel Segal, Elizabeth Spivak, Laura V. Betts, Hank Von Hellion, Ronald Waddell Apr 2022

Radical Listening, Action, And Reflection At The Boundaries Of Youth Violence Prevention, Laurie Ross, Roberto Diaz, Daniel Ford, Frankie Franco, Angel Guzman, Olivia Knightly, Maggie Macdonald, Eduardo Pagan, Jorge Ramos, Gabriel Rodriguez, Stacie Scott, Samuel Segal, Elizabeth Spivak, Laura V. Betts, Hank Von Hellion, Ronald Waddell

Experiential Learning & Teaching in Higher Education

The purpose of this article is to make visible collaborative pedagogical and research practices that opened space for community members to be co-educators and researchers with students and a professor on a youth violence assessment. We use Third Generation Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as a conceptual framework to examine the learning that occurred in the boundary zone of our eight differently situated organizations. As we demonstrate through the inclusion of boundary dialogue excerpts, this process generated more authentic understandings of why racial inequity has persisted in youth violence outcomes. The assessment questions we asked, the key informants we engaged, …

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Electoral Justice Traits Of Youth-Led Election Violence In Nairobi’S Informal Settlements, Gezahegn Kebede Gebrehana Jan 2021

Electoral Justice Traits Of Youth-Led Election Violence In Nairobi’S Informal Settlements, Gezahegn Kebede Gebrehana

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Youth residing in Kenya’s informal urban settlements commonly engage in election-related violence, yet little is known about why this occurs. This study explored the triggers for the escalation of such violence in informal settlements, which has been characteristic of almost all elections held since the introduction of the multiparty system in 1991. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand lived experiences of young adults and community leaders who lived in one of Nairobi’s informal settlements who had witnessed the level of youth violence in the city. A conceptual foundation related to electoral justice that manifests in different …

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Understanding Postamnesty Youth Violence In The Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria, Joel Dimiyen Bisina Jan 2021

Understanding Postamnesty Youth Violence In The Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria, Joel Dimiyen Bisina

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The experience of youth with violence in the Niger Delta (ND) of Nigeria and the negative consequences to the nation are well-documented in the literature. Youth violence poses a significant threat to national security, economic survival, and Nigeria’s unity and regional peace stabilization. Literature on youths’ experiences with postamnesty violence in the ND is scant. Postamnesty represents the period immediately after the disarmament and demobilization of combatant youth following the proclamation of the presidential amnesty program in Nigeria’s ND. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to bring an understanding to postamnesty youth violence (PAYV) through the lived experiences …

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The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence And Youth Violence: A Systematic Literature Review, Donna M. Butler Jan 2020

The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence And Youth Violence: A Systematic Literature Review, Donna M. Butler

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Youth are responsible for a great number of violent acts committed in the United States. Experiencing or witnessing some type of violence at home during childhood increases the possibility of engaging in violent behaviors as a youth. At present, no systematic literature reviews examined the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the development of youth violence. IPV includes various types of abuse that one member of a couple commits against the other member. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to examine the literature and analyze the relationship between IPV and youth violence. Bandura’s social learning theory and …

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Youth In Africa: Between Marginalisation And Demographic Dividend, Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa Dec 2019

Youth In Africa: Between Marginalisation And Demographic Dividend, Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa

Southern African Journal of Policy and Development

Since the 1980s, most African countries have experienced demographic shifts that have resulted in young populations, creating the possibility of youth marginalisation, but also a potential demographic dividend. The lack of social and economic opportunities generates unease about youths’ future and anger and loathing towards society and government, heightening the risk of uprisings as witnessed during the Arab Spring. Governments have become aware of the inefficacy of existing policies designed to advance the welfare of the ever-increasing youth population, and look to change this by formulating inclusive policies, often with support from the international community, to harness youth potential. The …

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Exploring Narratives Of Adolescent-To-Parent Abuse, Sofia Oviedo May 2019

Exploring Narratives Of Adolescent-To-Parent Abuse, Sofia Oviedo

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Adolescent-to-parent abuse (APA) is an often hidden form of family abuse that evidences a breakdown in the parent-child relationship with damaging effects on the physical and emotional well-being of parents and youth. This study aimed to examine the experiences of parents affected by APA, the effects on the parent-child relationship, and on parent identity. It also explored how APA influenced the relationship dynamics during conflicts, how parents managed these conflicts, and how parents viewed their power within these interactions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 parents who resided in two major cities in the US (Seattle, WA and New York …

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Road To Change: A Community’S Story On Strengthening Law Enforcement-Community Relations, Corina Mejia Dec 2018

Road To Change: A Community’S Story On Strengthening Law Enforcement-Community Relations, Corina Mejia

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

The Youth Violence Prevention Task Force, YVPT, is a branch of the United Way that strives to reduce and prevent violence among youth in the county. The task force functions using a public health approach that emphasizes prevention, intervention, and suppression. In response to the high violence rates among youth, the task force organized dialogue sessions in the community. During the dialogue process, there was a growing need to create a resource for community partners involved in the process. Consequently, a web page that includes; information, updates, and supplemental documents was created to educate partner organizations, the community, and others …

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School-Based Bullying And Teen Dating Violence Prevention Laws: Overlapping Or Distinct?, Michele Cascardi, Christopher King, Daniel Rector, Jill Delpozzo Nov 2018

School-Based Bullying And Teen Dating Violence Prevention Laws: Overlapping Or Distinct?, Michele Cascardi, Christopher King, Daniel Rector, Jill Delpozzo

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The most recent legislative attempts to curb violence in schools have been school-based dating violence prevention laws. In the previous decade, there was an increase in legislation designed to prevent bullying in schools; these laws now exist in 50 states. However, most anti-bullying laws provide an expansive definition of bullying that includes any type of peer aggression, harassment, or teen dating violence (TDV). Having several different state and federal laws aimed at curtailing multiple forms of aggression may produce confusion about appropriate intervention and disciplinary responses, requiring school districts to develop parallel sets of policies, educational curricula, intervention approaches, and …

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The Intersection Of School Corporal Punishment And Associated Factors: Baseline Results From A Randomized Controlled Trial In Pakistan, Hussain Maqbool Ahmed Khuwaja, Rozina Karmaliani Professor, Judith Mcfarlane, Rozina Somani, Saleema Gulzar, Tazeen S. Ali, Zahra Shaheen Premani, Esnat D. Chirwa, Rachel Jewkes Oct 2018

The Intersection Of School Corporal Punishment And Associated Factors: Baseline Results From A Randomized Controlled Trial In Pakistan, Hussain Maqbool Ahmed Khuwaja, Rozina Karmaliani Professor, Judith Mcfarlane, Rozina Somani, Saleema Gulzar, Tazeen S. Ali, Zahra Shaheen Premani, Esnat D. Chirwa, Rachel Jewkes

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Violence against youth is a global issue; one form of youth victimization is school corporal punishment. We use baseline assessments from a cluster randomized controlled trial to examine the prevalence of school corporal punishment, by gender, and the relationship to levels of peer violence at school, parent corporal punishment, youth food security and youth academic performance and school attendance in Pakistan. Forty homogenous public schools in the urban city of Hyderabad, Pakistan were chosen for randomization into the trial evaluating a youth violence prevention intervention. 1752 6th graders, age 11-14 years, were selected as the target population. Since schools are …

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Mixed News About Youth Violence In Recent Fbi Crime Data, Jeffrey A. Butts Sep 2018

Mixed News About Youth Violence In Recent Fbi Crime Data, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

FBI crime data displayed a slight increase in violent crime rates between 2016 and 2017. Media reports on this variation did not always mention that violent crime rates are still near a 35-year low. This databit shows the rates of youth arrested for violent crimes between 1982 and 2017.

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Factors Influencing Law Enforcement Responses To Child To Parent Violence, Gaylene Armstrong, Lisa Muftic, Leana A. Bouffard Aug 2018

Factors Influencing Law Enforcement Responses To Child To Parent Violence, Gaylene Armstrong, Lisa Muftic, Leana A. Bouffard

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

A domestic violence incident perpetrated by a child toward his or her parent presents a challenging dynamic for law enforcement officers responding to these calls for service. To date, law enforcement responses to child to parent violence (CPV) have only been studied dichotomously (i.e., decision to arrest), and as a result, the associated complexities are not well understood. Here, we add to the understanding of individual, situational, and contextual factors that influence law enforcement response to CPV by examining 1,113 calls for service in a Midwestern state. In assessing the relative influence of these factors on responses using a multinomial …

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Problem Drinking, Alcohol-Related Violence, And Homelessness Among Youth Living In The Slums Of Kampala, Uganda, Monica Swahn, Rachel Culbreth, Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye, Volkan Topalli, Eric R. Wright, Rogers Kasirye Jan 2018

Problem Drinking, Alcohol-Related Violence, And Homelessness Among Youth Living In The Slums Of Kampala, Uganda, Monica Swahn, Rachel Culbreth, Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye, Volkan Topalli, Eric R. Wright, Rogers Kasirye

Public Health Faculty Publications

This paper examines problem drinking, alcohol-related violence, and homelessness among youth living in the slums of Kampala—an understudied population at high-risk for both alcohol use and violence. This study is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014 with youth living in the slums and streets of Kampala, Uganda (n = 1134), who were attending Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers. The analyses for this paper were restricted to youth who reported current alcohol consumption (n = 346). Problem drinking patterns were assessed among youth involved in alcohol-related violence. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the impact of homelessness on …

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Local Measures: The Need For Neighborhood-Level Data In Youth Violence Prevention Initiatives, Jeffrey A. Butts, Alana M. Henniger Jan 2017

Local Measures: The Need For Neighborhood-Level Data In Youth Violence Prevention Initiatives, Jeffrey A. Butts, Alana M. Henniger

Publications and Research

In an attempt to assist local jurisdictions with violence prevention, the U.S. Department of Justice and other federal agencies launched the National Forum on Youth Violence Prevention in 2010. More than a dozen cities participated in the National Forum, collaborating to increase the effectiveness of their local strategies for reducing youth violence. The Department of Justice asked John Jay College of Criminal Justice to monitor and assess the outcomes of the National Forum beginning in 2011. The study investigated the accomplishments and perceptions of the leadership networks in each city.

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Durable Collaborations: The National Forum On Youth Violence Prevention, Kathleen A. Tomberg, Jeffrey A. Butts Jun 2016

Durable Collaborations: The National Forum On Youth Violence Prevention, Kathleen A. Tomberg, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

In 2012, the Research and Evaluation Center at John Jay College began to publish the results of an assessment conducted between Summer 2011 and Summer 2012. The project conducted surveys and measured the effectiveness of the National Forum on Youth Violence Prevention. In 2016, with the support of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the research team tracked perceptions and opinions in each community involved in the National Forum on Youth Violence Prevention.

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Unmasking The Villain: Predictive Factors And Their Ability To Identify Potential Mass Shooters, Ivy Villani May 2016

Unmasking The Villain: Predictive Factors And Their Ability To Identify Potential Mass Shooters, Ivy Villani

Master of Social Work Clinical Research Papers

The purpose of this study is to establish whether professionals believe there is a way to predict large-scale aggressions, not related to gang affiliation, based on identifiable factors. Through the use of a semi-structured interview, 6 professionals gave personal opinions about identifying factors. The professionals each had more than 5 years of direct contact with people ages 15-25, within their individual fields. Common themes between the interviews were: individual factors, societal factors, interventions, and training. In general, the responses were optimistic about the potential to decrease large-scale violence, but were not certain about whether or not predictive factors existed. The …

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Community Gardens To Fight Urban Youth Crime And Stabilize Neighborhoods, Art Mccabe Sep 2014

Community Gardens To Fight Urban Youth Crime And Stabilize Neighborhoods, Art Mccabe

Education Faculty Publications

Chronic poor health within inner cities is usually the result of prolonged exposure to a multitude of health disparities. These disparities, are exacerbated by poverty, high unemployment, crime and youth violence. In many cases, these factors increase neighborhood instability and civic disengagement. Community garden programs can strengthen civic engagement and foster neighborhood stability, while simultaneously cutting down on youth violence. Community garden programs address the accumulation of health challenges in many ways and provide curative building blocks to deal with poor nutrition, obesity, diabetes, psychological disorders, and deficient growth of infants, substance abuse, civic detachment and suicide rate. Urban agriculture …

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Teen Empowerment Program Evaluation Empowering Youth And Adults As Agents Of Positive Change, Russell Schutt Apr 2014

Teen Empowerment Program Evaluation Empowering Youth And Adults As Agents Of Positive Change, Russell Schutt

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

Teen Empowerment has succeeded in developing and maintaining a program design for engaging at-risk youth and reducing youth violence that can serve as a model for other communities. Its systematic approach to selection, engagement, and transformation provide the foundation for individual achievement and community change. While the study contains substantial evidence of Teen Empowerment’s ability to produce positive results for youth at risk and for community wide change in patterns of adolescent behavior, there is a need to implement a more ambitious evaluation design to conduct the longitudinal and controlled studies needed to better understand the Model’s mechanisms of effectiveness …

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Youth Violence/Conflict Prevention Mini Grants, Massachusetts Office Of Public Collaboration, University Of Massachusetts Boston Apr 2014

Youth Violence/Conflict Prevention Mini Grants, Massachusetts Office Of Public Collaboration, University Of Massachusetts Boston

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

As part of the Community Mediation Center Grant Program, the MA Office of Public Collaboration (MOPC) in FY 2014 awarded four community project grants on youth violence/conflict prevention under a Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework, which includes peer mediation and other youth-focused conflict resolution in schools, communities, and/or families. Four community mediation centers from across Massachusetts were awarded $34,000 to carry-out these projects in partnership with a municipality/municipal entity. An example is the project by Community Dispute Settlement Center (CDSC) in Cambridge, who in partnerships with the Cambridge Police Department and the Department of Human Services has so far trained …

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Where Does Electronic Aggression Fit?: A Comparison Of Dimensional And Categorical Models Of Adolescent Aggression, Krista R. Mehari Jan 2014

Where Does Electronic Aggression Fit?: A Comparison Of Dimensional And Categorical Models Of Adolescent Aggression, Krista R. Mehari

Theses and Dissertations

Electronic aggression is a rapidly growing focus of research, but it lacks a unifying theoretical framework that is necessary to advance the field. The lack of a theoretical framework has led to inconsistencies in measurement of electronic aggression, making it difficult to draw conclusions across studies. In general, researchers have assumed that electronic aggression constitutes a new form of aggression, a counterpart to physical, verbal, and relational aggression, due to unique features surrounding the perpetration of electronic aggression. Furthermore, researchers have treated electronic aggression as a categorical variable based on the assumption that “cyberbullies” constitute a distinct group of adolescents. …

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Assessing The Effectiveness Of The Violence Free Zone In Milwaukee Public Schools: A Research Note, Byron Johnson, Andrew Gluck, Patricia Vazquez, William Wubbenhorst Jan 2013

Assessing The Effectiveness Of The Violence Free Zone In Milwaukee Public Schools: A Research Note, Byron Johnson, Andrew Gluck, Patricia Vazquez, William Wubbenhorst

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

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Teaming Up For Safer Cities: A Report From The Implementation Assessment Of The National Forum On Youth Violence Prevention (2012), Jeffrey A. Butts, Caterina Gouvis Roman, Kathleen A. Tomberg Dec 2012

Teaming Up For Safer Cities: A Report From The Implementation Assessment Of The National Forum On Youth Violence Prevention (2012), Jeffrey A. Butts, Caterina Gouvis Roman, Kathleen A. Tomberg

Publications and Research

The efforts inspired by the National Forum on Youth Violence Prevention will take time to develop, but survey results from the first 15 months of implementation suggest that the initiative may be generating some important changes. In five communities, survey respondents report a number of potentially valuable improvements. The results imply that the cities involved in the National Forum may be increasing opportunities for youth and improving the extent to which violence prevention approaches draw upon the perspectives and expertise of a broad range of community members. There are also indications that some cities are developing better overall capacity to …

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The Protective Factors And Life Outcomes Of Youth Exposed To Community Violence, Patricia Bamwine May 2012

The Protective Factors And Life Outcomes Of Youth Exposed To Community Violence, Patricia Bamwine

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

There is an increasing interest in the life outcomes of youth that are exposed to community violence. Previous research has found that community violence has a direct effect on youth development. It has also shown that there are economic costs for communities that have high levels of community violence. Thus far, the literature on youth in these areas has focused on protective factors such as school connectedness, family connectedness, religion and positive life outcomes. There is little research on the affects of mentoring on life outcomes for individuals that were exposed to community violence during adolescence. This study explores mentoring …

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Violent Crime Rates Continue To Fall Among Juveniles And Young Adults, Jeffrey A. Butts Apr 2012

Violent Crime Rates Continue To Fall Among Juveniles And Young Adults, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

Violent crime (murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault based on the FBI Violent Crime Index) declined per capita for ages 10 – 17 after 2004. This databit looks at the arrest rates for these four offenses between 1994 and 2004.

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Transfer Of Juveniles To Criminal Court Is Not Correlated With Falling Youth Violence, Jeffrey A. Butts Mar 2012

Transfer Of Juveniles To Criminal Court Is Not Correlated With Falling Youth Violence, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

Though it may seem that transferring youth to criminal court should lower youth violent crime, this analysis shows no relationship. This databit looks at the transfer rate and violent crime declines in the six states that reported juvenile arrests to the FBI.

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Violence Research In Latin America And The Caribbean: A Literature Review, Fernando Carrión Mena Arq., Manuel Dammert Guardia Jan 2011

Violence Research In Latin America And The Caribbean: A Literature Review, Fernando Carrión Mena Arq., Manuel Dammert Guardia

Fernando Carrión Mena

Latin America has long been a violence-prone continent. No other region of the world knows higher homicide rates nor has such a variety of violence. Political violence, guerilla movements and civil wars, bloody revolutions, brutal dictatorships, domestic violence, criminal violence, and youth violence are all well known throughout history. This article gives an overview of the historical development of violence in Latin America and the Caribbean, examining its specificities and changes. The focus is on the recent explosion of violence and crime since the 1980s. As a literature review, it summarizes the main findings of academic research on violence in …

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Self-Determination Theory And Juvenile Delinquency: A Validation Of A Combined Theory For Understanding Youth In Conflict With The Law, Sibley Y. Hawkins, Forrest A. Novy Jan 2011

Self-Determination Theory And Juvenile Delinquency: A Validation Of A Combined Theory For Understanding Youth In Conflict With The Law, Sibley Y. Hawkins, Forrest A. Novy

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

In this study, we propose an expanded theory of delinquency that integrates social learning, control, and motivationally based explanations of human behavior. We posit that delinquency occurs partly due to attempts to fulfill 3 developmentally necessary psychological needs; auton-omy, competence, and relatedness. Melding elements of 3 theories (Social Control Theory [Hirschi, 1972], General Crime Theory [Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990], and Self Determination Theory [Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000a, 2008]), provides a better understanding of the precursors to delinquency and possible approaches to mitigating their impact. The study examines: (a) the extent to which the 3 basic psychological needs (competence, …

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Practitioner Perceptions Of Juvenile Transfer In Pennsylvania, David Myers, Daniel Lee, Dennis Giever, Jay Gilliam Jan 2010

Practitioner Perceptions Of Juvenile Transfer In Pennsylvania, David Myers, Daniel Lee, Dennis Giever, Jay Gilliam

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Consistent with virtually all other states in the nation, in the mid-1990s legislation was enacted in Pennsylvania to address increasing concerns about serious and violent juvenile offending. This legislation included provisions for facilitating the transfer of violent juvenile offenders to adult criminal court. The current study examines contemporary practitioner perceptions of juvenile transfer to adult court, with regard to the number of juveniles transferred, the effectiveness of this practice, and the appropriate minimum age for transfer to occur. Utilizing statewide survey data, comparisons are made between juvenile court judges, probation officers, prosecutors, and public defenders, and other predictors are assessed. …

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