Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid And Arachidonic Acid In Early Life: What Is The Best Evidence For Policymakers?, Stewart Forsyth, Philip C. Calder, Francis Zotor, Paul Amuna, Barbara J. Meyer, Bruce Holub

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: A wealth of information on the functional roles of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) from cellular, animal, and human studies is available. Yet, there remains a lack of cohesion in policymaking for recommended dietary intakes of DHA and ARA in early life. This is predominantly driven by inconsistent findings from a relatively small number of randomised clinical trials (RCTs), which vary in design, methodology, and outcome measures, all of which were conducted in high-income countries. It is proposed that this selective evidence base may not fully represent the biological importance of DHA and ARA during early and …

Do Anaesthetists Believe Their Teaching Is Evidence-Based?, Damian J. Castanelli, Natalie A. Smith, Craig L. F Noonan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Knowledge translation (KT) and evidence-based practice are widely referenced in clinical medicine, with parallel calls for clinical teaching to better reflect best educational practice. How clinical teachers use medical education theory and evidence is largely unknown. Aims: To explore anaesthetists' attitudes to clinical teaching and medical education theory and evidence: whether they use it, what sources they access and attitudes to possible barriers to its use. Methods: Data were collected from anaesthetists via on-line questionnaire. Results: 364 anaesthetists (19% response rate) completed the questionnaire. Respondents preferentially approach colleagues and access short courses or workshops to improve their teaching. Twenty-eight …

Anatomy Of Sand Beach Ridges: Evidence From Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi And Its Predecessors, Northeast Queensland, Australia, Jonathon Nott, Catherine Chague-Goff, James Goff, Craig Sloss, Naomi Riggs

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Four well-identified tropical cyclones over the past century have been responsible for depositing distinct units of predominantly quartzose sand and gravel to form the most seaward beach ridge at several locations along the wet tropical coast of northeast Queensland, Australia. These units deposited by tropical cyclones display a key sedimentary signature characterized by a sharp basal erosional contact, a coarser grain size than the underlying facies and a coarse-skewed trend toward the base. Coarse-skewed distributions with minimal change in mean grain size also characterize the upper levels of the high-energy deposited units at locations within the zone of maximum onshore …

Polycyclic Evolution Of Camboriú Complex Migmatites, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil: Integrated Hf Isotopic And U-Pb Age Zircon Evidence Of Episodic Reworking Of A Mesoarchean Juvenile Crust, Miguel Angelo Stipp Basei, Mario Da Costa Campos Neto, Angela Pacheco Lopes, Allen Phillip Nutman, Dunyi Liu, Kei Sato

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Camboriú Complex is the only gneissic-migmatitic inlier within the Neoproterozoic Brusque Group supracrustal rocks, in the northernmost part of the Dom Feliciano Belt, southern Brazil. It comprises the Morro do Boi migmatites and the diatexitic Ponta do Cabeço Granite. Zircon U-Pb dating of migmatites and associated granitic neosomes shows that crustal evolution started in the Paleo- Mesoarchean (3.3-3.0 Ga), continued with events through the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic and ended in the Neoproterozoic (0.64-0.61 Ga). Integration of zircon Hf isotopic data and U-Pb ages indicate that juvenile crustal accretion was restricted to the Archean and that afterwards intracrustal reworking predominated. …

Addressing The Deficiencies In The Evidence-Base For Primary Practice In Regional Australia - Sentinel Practices Data Sourcing (Spds) Project: A Pilot Study, Abhijeet Ghosh, Karen E. Charlton, Lisa Girdo, Marijka J. Batterham, Keith Mcdonald

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background Chronic disease risk on a population level can be quantified through health surveys, either continuous or periodic. To date, information gathered from primary care interactions, using sentinel sites, has not been investigated as a potentially valuable surveillance system in Australia.

Methods A pilot study was conducted in a single General Practice in a regional area of New South Wales, Australia to assess the feasibility of accessing data obtained through a computerised chronic disease management program that has been designed for desktop application (Pen Computer Systems (PCS) Clinical Audit Tool: ™ PCS CAT). Collated patient data included information on chronic …

Beyond The Levant: First Evidence Of A Pre-Pottery Neolithic Incursion Into The Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia, Remy Crassard, Michael D. Petraglia, Adrian G. Parker, Ash Parton, Richard G. Roberts, Zenobia Jacobs, Abdullah Alsharekh, Abdulaziz Al-Omari, Paul Breeze, Nick A. Drake, Huw S. Groucutt, Richard Jennings, Emmanuelle Regagnon, Ceri Shipton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Pre-Pottery Neolithic assemblages are best known from the fertile areas of the Mediterranean Levant. The archaeological site of Jebel Qattar 101 (JQ-101), at Jubbah in the southern part of the Nefud Desert of northern Saudi Arabia, contains a large collection of stone tools, adjacent to an Early Holocene palaeolake. The stone tool assemblage contains lithic types, including El-Khiam and Helwan projectile points, which are similar to those recorded in Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B assemblages in the Fertile Crescent. Jebel Qattar lies ~500 kilometres outside the previously identified geographic range of Pre-Pottery Neolithic cultures. Technological analysis of the …

Molecular Evidence Of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Hypofunction In Schizophrenia, C S. Weickert, S J. Fung, V S. Catts, P R. Schofield, K M. Allen, L T. Moore, Kelly A. Newell, D Pellen, Xu-Feng Huang, S V. Catts, T W Weickert

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) produces behavior in healthy people that is similar to the psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and can exacerbate symptoms in people with schizophrenia. However, an endogenous brain disruption of NMDARs has not been clearly established in schizophrenia. We measured mRNA transcripts for five NMDAR subunit mRNAs and protein for the NR1 subunit in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia and control (n=74) brains. Five NMDAR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with schizophrenia were tested for association with NMDAR mRNAs in postmortem brain and for association with cognitive ability in an antemortem cohort …

Practice Based Evidence: What Determines Clozpapine Prescribing Practice?, N B. Pai, S C. Vella

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of poster that presented at the 15th ISAM Annual Meeting: Managing Addiction through Evidence-Based Medical and Psychosocial Interventions, 21-23 November 2013, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Energy In-Equivalence In Australian Marsupials: Evidence For Disruption Of The Continent's Mammal Assemblage, Or Are Rules Meant To Be Broken?, Adam J. Munn, Craig Dunne, Dennis W.H Muller, Marcus Clauss

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The energy equivalence rule (EER) is a macroecological hypothesis that posits that total population energy use (PEU) should be independent of species body mass, because population densities and energy metabolisms scale with body mass in a directly inverse manner. However, evidence supporting the EER is equivocal, and the use of basal metabolic rate (BMR) in such studies has been questioned; ecologically-relevant indices like field metabolic rate (FMR) are probably more appropriate. In this regard, Australian marsupials present a novel test for the EER because, unlike eutherians, marsupial BMRs and FMRs scale differently with body mass. Based on either FMR or …

Preventive Evidence Into Practice (Pep) Study: Implementation Of Guidelines To Prevent Primary Vascular Disease In General Practice Protocol For A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, Mark Fort Harris, Jane Lloyd, John Litt, Mieke Van Driel, Danielle Mazza, Grant Russell, Jane Smith, Chris Del Mar, Elizabeth Denney-Wilson, Sharon M. Parker, Yordanka Krastev, Upali W. Jayasinghe, Richard J. Taylor, Nicholas Zwar, Jinty Wilson, Helen Bolger-Harris, Justine Waters

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: There are significant gaps in the implementation and uptake of evidence-based guideline recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes in Australian general practice. This study protocol describes the methodology for a cluster randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a model that aims to improve the implementation of these guidelines in Australian general practice developed by a collaboration between researchers, non-government organisations, and the profession.Methods: We hypothesise that the intervention will alter the behaviour of clinicians and patients resulting in improvements of recording of lifestyle and physiological risk factors (by 20%) and increased adherence to guideline recommendations for: the …

The Evidence-Policy Divide: A 'Critical Computational Linguistics' Approach To The Language Of 18 Health Agency Ceos From 9 Countries, Erica Bell, Bastian M. Seidel

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background There is an emerging body of literature suggesting that the evidence-practice divide in health policy is complex and multi-factorial but less is known about the processes by which health policy-makers use evidence and their views about the specific features of useful evidence. This study aimed to contribute to understandings of how the most influential health policy-makers view useful evidence, in ways that help explore and question how the evidence-policy divide is understood and what research might be supported to help overcome this divide. Methods A purposeful sample of 18 national and state health agency CEOs from 9 countries was …

Long-Term Trends Of Inorganic Chlorine From Ground-Based Infrared Solar Spectra: Past Increases And Evidence For Stabilization, C P. Rinsland, E Mahieu, R Zander, Nicholas Jones, M P. Chipperfield, A Goldman, J Anderson, J M. Russell Iii, P Demoulin, J Notholt, G C. Toon, Jean-Francois Blavier, B Sen, R Sussmann, S W. Wood, A Meier, D W. T Griffith, L Chiou, F Murcray, T M. Stephen, Frank Hase, S Mikuteit, A Schultz, T Blumenstock

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Long-term time series of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO₂) total column abundances has been retrieved from high spectral resolution ground-based solar absorption spectra recorded with infrared Fourier transform spectrometers at nine NDSC (Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change) sites in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The data sets span up to 24 years and most extend until the end of 2001. The time series of Cl_y (defined here as the sum of the HCl and ClONO₂ columns) from the three locations with the longest time-span records show rapid increases until the early 1990s …

Functional Foods Ii: Claims And Evidence, Peter Williams

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Book review of: Functional Foods II: Claims and Evidence Judy Buttriss & Michael Saltmarsh (eds) The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2000 ISBN 0-85404-789-1 xx+244 pp £59.50 c. $A180

Correlation Of Aerosol And Carbon Monoxide At 45 S: Evidence Of Biomass Burning Emissions, Nicholas Jones, Curtis P. Rinsland, J Ben Liley, Jim Rosen

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Altitude profiles of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and aerosols have been compared from the Network for Stratospheric Change (NDSC) mid-latitude southern hemisphere site at Lauder, New Zealand. The CO mixing ratio profile was derived from infrared spectra recorded with a very high resolution Fourier Transform interferometer using three lines of the (1–0) band between 2057 and 2160 cm⁻¹. The aerosol surface area was derived from balloon-borne backscatter radiation at 940 nm. Both datasets show significant enhancements occurring over the observation site in the austral spring. When displayed together their combined effect illustrates the close correlation between CO and aerosols. …