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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Neuropsychological Malingering Determination: The Illusion Of Scientific Lie Detection, Chunlin Leonhard, Christoph Leonhard
Neuropsychological Malingering Determination: The Illusion Of Scientific Lie Detection, Chunlin Leonhard, Christoph Leonhard
Georgia Law Review
Humans believe that other humans lie, especially when stakes are high. Stakes can be very high in a courtroom, from substantial amounts of monetary damages in civil litigation to liberty or life in criminal cases. One of the most frequently disputed issues in U.S. courts is whether litigants are malingering when they allege physical or mental conditions for which they are seeking damages or which would allow them to avoid criminal punishment. Understandably, creating a scientific method to detect lies is very appealing to all persons engaged in lie detection. Neuropsychologists claim that they can use neuropsychological assessment tests (Malingering …
Support For The Precautionary Principle, Jennifer Mather
Support For The Precautionary Principle, Jennifer Mather
Jennifer Mather, PhD
The precautionary principle gives the animal the benefit of the doubt when its sentient status is not known. This is necessary for advanced invertebrates such as cephalopods because research and evidence concerning the criteria for sentience are scattered and often insufficient to give us the background for the decision.
The Technologies Of Race: Big Data, Privacy And The New Racial Bioethics, Christian Sundquist
The Technologies Of Race: Big Data, Privacy And The New Racial Bioethics, Christian Sundquist
Articles
Advancements in genetic technology have resurrected long discarded conceptualizations of “race” as a biological reality. The rise of modern biological race thinking – as evidenced in health disparity research, personal genomics, DNA criminal forensics, and bio-databanking - not only is scientifically unsound but portends the future normalization of racial inequality. This Article articulates a constitutional theory of shared humanity, rooted in the substantive due process doctrine and Ninth Amendment, to counter the socio-legal acceptance of modern genetic racial differentiation. It argues that state actions that rely on biological racial distinctions undermine the essential personhood of individuals subjected to such taxonomies, …
Use Of Soil Chemical Analysis To Detect Commercial Wildlife Game Baits, Aaron Haines, Angela Fetterolf, Meta Griffin, Tristan Conrad, Steven Kennedy
Use Of Soil Chemical Analysis To Detect Commercial Wildlife Game Baits, Aaron Haines, Angela Fetterolf, Meta Griffin, Tristan Conrad, Steven Kennedy
Human–Wildlife Interactions
Hunters and poachers often use commercially-available, nutrient-rich baits to attract wildlife game animals. We used atomic absorption spectroscopy and ion selective electrochemical analysis techniques to determine whether two common proprietary baits (Deer Cane and Acorn Rage) would leave detectable chemical signatures in soil (i.e., Na+, Cl-, and Ca+2). Our goal was to evaluate low cost tests which could be replicated by wildlife conservation officers in the field. To complete the evaluation we randomly placed two commercial baits on 3 sites in The Millersville University Biological Preserve in Millersville, PA. We collected soils samples from …
The Value Of Bayesian Statistics For Assessing Credible Evidence Of Animal Sentience, Anil K. Seth, Zoltan Dienes
The Value Of Bayesian Statistics For Assessing Credible Evidence Of Animal Sentience, Anil K. Seth, Zoltan Dienes
Animal Sentience
Determining what constitutes practically relevant, statistically significant evidence for animal sentience, under the precautionary principle, could be enhanced through Bayesian statistics. A Bayesian approach allows the incorporation of multiple evidence sources through prior probabilities, the tracking of changing evidence across time, and a principled means of adjusting evidentiary bars via Bayes factors.
Support For The Precautionary Principle, Jennifer Mather
Support For The Precautionary Principle, Jennifer Mather
Animal Sentience
The precautionary principle gives the animal the benefit of the doubt when its sentient status is not known. This is necessary for advanced invertebrates such as cephalopods because research and evidence concerning the criteria for sentience are scattered and often insufficient to give us the background for the decision.
The Relationship Between Self-Esteem And Academic Achievement In High Ability Students: Evidence From The Wollongong Youth Study., Wilma Vialle, Patrick C. L. Heaven, Joseph Ciarrochi
The Relationship Between Self-Esteem And Academic Achievement In High Ability Students: Evidence From The Wollongong Youth Study., Wilma Vialle, Patrick C. L. Heaven, Joseph Ciarrochi
joseph Ciarrochi
The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement is one that is regarded by many educators as a well-established fact. This belief has been often invoked in order to argue against the provision of ability grouping for gifted students. Refuting that commonly-held belief, this research examined the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in 65 high-ability secondary students, a sample drawn from a longitudinal study of over 900 students. The research demonstrated that there were no differences in measured selfesteem between the gifted and non-gifted students. More contentiously, though, the research found no correlation between self-esteem and academic achievement for the …
Evidence Of Enso Mega-Drought Triggered Collapse Of Prehistory Aboriginal Society In Northwest Australia, Hamish Mcgowan, Samuel K. Marx, P Moss, Andrew Hammond
Evidence Of Enso Mega-Drought Triggered Collapse Of Prehistory Aboriginal Society In Northwest Australia, Hamish Mcgowan, Samuel K. Marx, P Moss, Andrew Hammond
Samuel K Marx
The Kimberley region of northwest Australia contains one of the World's largest collections of rock art characterised by two distinct art forms; the fine featured anthropomorphic figures of the Gwion Gwion or Bradshaw paintings, and broad stroke Wandjina figures. Luminescence dating of mud wasp nests overlying Gwion Gwion paintings has confirmed an age of at least 17,000 yrs B.P. with the most recent dates for these paintings from around the mid-Holocene (5000 to 7000 yrs B.P.). Radiocarbon dating indicates that the Wandjina rock art then emerged around 3800 to 4000 yrs B.P. following a hiatus of at least 1200 yrs. …
Evidence Of Solar And Tropical-Ocean Forcing Of Hydroclimate Cycles In Southeastern Australia For The Past 6500 Years, Hamish A. Mcgowan, Samuel K. Marx, Joshua Soderholm, John Denholm
Evidence Of Solar And Tropical-Ocean Forcing Of Hydroclimate Cycles In Southeastern Australia For The Past 6500 Years, Hamish A. Mcgowan, Samuel K. Marx, Joshua Soderholm, John Denholm
Samuel K Marx
Evidence of solar and tropical‐ocean forcing of climate cycles has been found in numerous palaeoclimate records. Numerical modelling studies show physical mechanisms by which direct and indirect solar forcing may affect climate, while there is mounting evidence of solar forcing of tropical ocean‐atmosphere teleconnections. This study has developed a 6500 year record of dust deposition, a proxy for regional hydroclimate variability for the Snowy Mountains region of Australia. Spectral analysis of the record provides evidence of statistically significant cycles in dust deposition of 35–43 years, 62–73 years, 161 years and 2200 years. These correlate with variability in solar irradiance and …
The Essential Youth Friendly Gp Kit: An Evidence-Based Resource To Increase Gp Competencies For Dealing With Young People, Coralie Wilson, Frank Deane
The Essential Youth Friendly Gp Kit: An Evidence-Based Resource To Increase Gp Competencies For Dealing With Young People, Coralie Wilson, Frank Deane
Coralie J Wilson
No abstract provided.
Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior To Examine Residential Substance Abuse Workers' Intention To Use Evidence-Based Practices, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Megan Lovett
Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior To Examine Residential Substance Abuse Workers' Intention To Use Evidence-Based Practices, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Megan Lovett
Peter Kelly
There is considerable discrepancy between what is considered evidence-based practice (EBP) and what is actually delivered in substance abuse treatment settings. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB) is a well-established model that may assist in better understanding clinician’s intentions to use EBPs. A total of 106 residential substance abuse workers employed by The Salvation Army participated in the current study. The workers completed an anonymous survey that assessed attitudes toward EBP and examined the constructs within the TpB. A linear regression analysis was used to predict clinicians’ intentions to use EBPs. Overall, the model accounted for 41% of the variance …
Concerted Ho2 Elimination From Alpha-Aminoalkylperoxyl Free Radicals: Experimental And Theoretical Evidence From The Gas-Phase Nh2 Chco2 - + O2 Reaction, Gabriel Da Silva, Benjamin Kirk, Celli Lloyd, Adam Trevitt, Stephen Blanksby
Concerted Ho2 Elimination From Alpha-Aminoalkylperoxyl Free Radicals: Experimental And Theoretical Evidence From The Gas-Phase Nh2 Chco2 - + O2 Reaction, Gabriel Da Silva, Benjamin Kirk, Celli Lloyd, Adam Trevitt, Stephen Blanksby
Adam Trevitt
We have investigated the gas-phase reaction of the α- aminoacetate (glycyl) radical anion (NH2 •CHCO2−) with O2 using ion trap mass spectrometry, quantum chemistry, and statistical reaction rate theory. This radical is found to undergo a remarkably rapid reaction with O2 to form the hydroperoxyl radical (HO2 •) and an even-electron imine (NHCHCO2−), with experiments and master equation simulations revealing that reaction proceeds at the ion−molecule collision rate. This reaction is facilitated by a low-energy concerted HO2 • elimination mechanism in the NH2CH(OO•)CO2− peroxyl radical. These findings can explain the widely observed free-radical-mediated oxidation of simple amino acids to amides …
Branching Fractions Of The Cn + C3h6 Reaction Using Synchrotron Photoionization Mass Spectrometry: Evidence For The 3-Cyanopropene Product, Adam Trevitt, Talitha Selby, Craig Taatjes, Satchin Soorkia, J Savee, D L Osborn, S R Leone
Branching Fractions Of The Cn + C3h6 Reaction Using Synchrotron Photoionization Mass Spectrometry: Evidence For The 3-Cyanopropene Product, Adam Trevitt, Talitha Selby, Craig Taatjes, Satchin Soorkia, J Savee, D L Osborn, S R Leone
Adam Trevitt
The gas-phase CN + propene reaction is investigated using synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry (SPIMS) over the 9.8 - 11.5 eV photon energy range. Experiments are conducted at room temperature in 4 Torr of He buffer gas. The CN + propene addition reaction produces two distinct product mass channels, C3H3N and C4H5N, corresponding to CH3 and H elimination, respectively. The CH3 and H elimination channels are measured to have branching fractions of 0.59 + 0.15 and 0.41 + 0.10, respectively. The absolute photoionization cross sections between 9.8 and 11.5 eV are measured for the three considered H-elimination coproducts: 1-, 2-, and …
Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson
Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson
Sandra Jones
The Australian Government increased the tax on ready-to-drink (RTD) alcohol beverages in 2008, in order to address concerns about increasing alcohol consumption among young people. This decision resulted in significant debate and discussion in the media, and in academic circles. The aim of the current study was to examine media coverage of the debate – and particularly the arguments posed in favour of and against the tax – now that we have objective evidence of its impact. We find that business owners and industry groups were vocal in the media, raising a number of arguments in opposition to the tax; …
Improving Sun Protection Behaviour Through Evidence-Based Campaigns, Anita Tang, Lyn J. Phillipson, Sandra C. Jones, Keryn M. Johnson
Improving Sun Protection Behaviour Through Evidence-Based Campaigns, Anita Tang, Lyn J. Phillipson, Sandra C. Jones, Keryn M. Johnson
Sandra Jones
No abstract provided.
Gpr Surveys Of Vegetated Linear Dune Stratigraphy In Central Australia: Evidence For Linear Dune Extension With Vertical And Lateral Accretion, Gerald Nanson, Brian Jones, David Price, C Bristow, Cameron Hollands, Maria Coleman
Gpr Surveys Of Vegetated Linear Dune Stratigraphy In Central Australia: Evidence For Linear Dune Extension With Vertical And Lateral Accretion, Gerald Nanson, Brian Jones, David Price, C Bristow, Cameron Hollands, Maria Coleman
B. G. Jones
No abstract provided.
Aeolian-Fluvial Interaction: Evidence For Late Quaternary Channel Change And Wind-Rift Linear Dune Formation In The Northwestern Simpson Desert, Australia, Gerald C. Nanson, Brian G. Jones, David M. Price, Tim Pietsch, C Bristow, Cameron B. Hollands
Aeolian-Fluvial Interaction: Evidence For Late Quaternary Channel Change And Wind-Rift Linear Dune Formation In The Northwestern Simpson Desert, Australia, Gerald C. Nanson, Brian G. Jones, David M. Price, Tim Pietsch, C Bristow, Cameron B. Hollands
B. G. Jones
In central Australia the most easterly extent of the MacDonnell Ranges borders the northwestern Simpson Desert where widely spaced strike ridges intercept the regional linear dunefield. Topographic basins have disrupted regional drainage lines and isolated dune sets from the main dunefield. In the western part of Camel Flat basin large, red coloured linear dunes of fine sand, ~ 74 ka and older, are oriented almost due north. Through gaps in the ranges the Todd River traversed the eastern part of the basin until ~25 ka when it apparently avulsed ~25 km eastwards to its present position. Subsequently, linear dunes, smaller, …
Alluvial Evidence For Major Climate And Flow Regime Changes During The Middle And Late Quaternary For Eastern Central Australia, Gerald C. Nanson, David M. Price, B. G. Jones, Jerry C. Maroulis, Maria Coleman, Hugo Bowman, Timothy J. Cohen, Tim Pietsch, Joshua R. Larsen
Alluvial Evidence For Major Climate And Flow Regime Changes During The Middle And Late Quaternary For Eastern Central Australia, Gerald C. Nanson, David M. Price, B. G. Jones, Jerry C. Maroulis, Maria Coleman, Hugo Bowman, Timothy J. Cohen, Tim Pietsch, Joshua R. Larsen
B. G. Jones
As a low-gradient arid region spanning the tropics to the temperate zone, the Lake Eyre basin has undergone gentle late Cenozoic crustal warping leading to substantial alluvial deposition, thereby forming repositories of evidence for palaeoclimatic and palaeohydrological changes from the Late Tertiary to the Holocene. Auger holes and bank exposures at five locations along the lower 500 km of Cooper Creek, a major contributor to Lake Eyre in the eastern part of the basin, yielded 85 luminescence dates (TL and OSL) that, combined wit a further 142 luminescence dates from northeastern Australia, have established a chronology of multiple episodes of …
Older Rehabilitation Patients Are At High Risk Of Malnutrition: Evidence From A Large Australian Database, Karen Charlton, Clare Nichols, Steven Bowden, Kelly Lambert, Lilliana Barone, Michelle Mason, Marianna Milosavljevic
Older Rehabilitation Patients Are At High Risk Of Malnutrition: Evidence From A Large Australian Database, Karen Charlton, Clare Nichols, Steven Bowden, Kelly Lambert, Lilliana Barone, Michelle Mason, Marianna Milosavljevic
Karen E. Charlton
No abstract provided.
Further Evidence For Small-Bodied Hominins From The Late Pleistocene Of Flores Indonesia, Michael Morwood, P. Brown, Jatmiko, T. Sutikna, E.W. Saptomo, Kira Westaway, R. A. Due, Richard Roberts, T Maeda, S Wasisto, T Djubiantono
Further Evidence For Small-Bodied Hominins From The Late Pleistocene Of Flores Indonesia, Michael Morwood, P. Brown, Jatmiko, T. Sutikna, E.W. Saptomo, Kira Westaway, R. A. Due, Richard Roberts, T Maeda, S Wasisto, T Djubiantono
Richard G Roberts
Homo floresiensis was recovered from Late Pleistocene deposits on the island of Flores in eastern Indonesia, but has the stature, limb proportions and endocranial volume of African Pliocene Australopithecus 1. The holotype of the species (LB1), excavated in 2003 from Liang Bua, consisted of a partial skeleton minus the arms. Here we describe additional H. floresiensis remains excavated from the cave in 2004. These include arm bones belonging to the holotype skeleton, a second adult mandible, and postcranial material from other individuals. We can now reconstruct the body proportions of H. floresiensis with some certainty. The finds further demonstrate …
Redating The Advance Of The New Zealand Franz Josef Glacier During The Last Termination: Evidence For Asynchronous Climate Change, Richard Roberts, Christian Turney, Matt Mcglone, J Cooper, J Wilmshurst, N De Jonge, C Prior
Redating The Advance Of The New Zealand Franz Josef Glacier During The Last Termination: Evidence For Asynchronous Climate Change, Richard Roberts, Christian Turney, Matt Mcglone, J Cooper, J Wilmshurst, N De Jonge, C Prior
Richard G Roberts
No abstract provided.
A Southern Indian Middle Palaeolithic Occupation Surface Sealed By The 74 Ka Toba Eruption: Further Evidence From Jwalapuram Locality 22, Richard Roberts, Allan Chivas, Christopher Clarkson, Ravi Korisettar, Nicole Boivin, Michael Petraglia, Peter Ditchfield, Michael Haslam, Janardhana Bora, Sanjay Eksambekar, Victoria Smith, Anna Oh, Clair Harris
A Southern Indian Middle Palaeolithic Occupation Surface Sealed By The 74 Ka Toba Eruption: Further Evidence From Jwalapuram Locality 22, Richard Roberts, Allan Chivas, Christopher Clarkson, Ravi Korisettar, Nicole Boivin, Michael Petraglia, Peter Ditchfield, Michael Haslam, Janardhana Bora, Sanjay Eksambekar, Victoria Smith, Anna Oh, Clair Harris
Richard G Roberts
No abstract provided.
Staff Attitudes Towards Evidence Based Practice In A Residential Drug And Alcohol Rehabilitation Service, M Lovett, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Trevor Crowe
Staff Attitudes Towards Evidence Based Practice In A Residential Drug And Alcohol Rehabilitation Service, M Lovett, Peter Kelly, Frank Deane, Trevor Crowe
Peter Kelly
No abstract provided.
Evidence For Specific Subunit Distribution And Interactions In The Quaternary Structure Of Α-Crystallin, Amie M. Morris, J Andrew Aquilina
Evidence For Specific Subunit Distribution And Interactions In The Quaternary Structure Of Α-Crystallin, Amie M. Morris, J Andrew Aquilina
J. A. Aquilina
The quaternary structure of alpha-crystallin is dynamic, a property which has thwarted crystallographic efforts towards structural characterization. In this study, we have used collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry to examine the architecture of the polydisperse assemblies of alpha-crystallin. For total alpha-crystallin isolated directly from fetal calf lens using size-based chromatography, the alpha B-crystallin subunit was found to be preferentially dissociated from the oligomers, despite being significantly less abundant overall than the alpha A-crystallin subunits. Furthermore, upon mixing molar equivalents of purified alpha A- and alpha B-crystallin, the levels of their dissociation were found to decrease and increase, respectively, with time. Interestingly …
Evidence Of Enso Mega-Drought Triggered Collapse Of Prehistory Aboriginal Society In Northwest Australia, Hamish Mcgowan, Samuel K. Marx, P Moss, Andrew Hammond
Evidence Of Enso Mega-Drought Triggered Collapse Of Prehistory Aboriginal Society In Northwest Australia, Hamish Mcgowan, Samuel K. Marx, P Moss, Andrew Hammond
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
The Kimberley region of northwest Australia contains one of the World's largest collections of rock art characterised by two distinct art forms; the fine featured anthropomorphic figures of the Gwion Gwion or Bradshaw paintings, and broad stroke Wandjina figures. Luminescence dating of mud wasp nests overlying Gwion Gwion paintings has confirmed an age of at least 17,000 yrs B.P. with the most recent dates for these paintings from around the mid-Holocene (5000 to 7000 yrs B.P.). Radiocarbon dating indicates that the Wandjina rock art then emerged around 3800 to 4000 yrs B.P. following a hiatus of at least 1200 yrs. …
Comorbid Externalising Behaviour In Ad/Hd: Evidence For A Distinct Pathological Entity In Adolescence, Sharnel Perera, David Crewther, Rodney Croft, Hannah Keage, Daniel Hermens, C Richard Clark
Comorbid Externalising Behaviour In Ad/Hd: Evidence For A Distinct Pathological Entity In Adolescence, Sharnel Perera, David Crewther, Rodney Croft, Hannah Keage, Daniel Hermens, C Richard Clark
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
While the profiling of subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) have been the subject of considerable scrutiny, both psychometrically and psychophysiologically, little attention has been paid to the effect of diagnoses comorbid with AD/HD on such profiles. This is despite the greater than 80% prevalence of comorbidity under the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic definitions. Here we investigate the event related potential (ERP) and psychometric profiles of Controls, AD/HD, and comorbid AD/HD (particularly AD/HD+ODD/CD) groups on six neurocognitive tasks thought to probe the constructs of selective and sustained attention, response inhibition and executive function. Data from 29 parameters extracted from a child …
Evidence Of Animal Mtdna Recombination Between Divergent Populations Of The Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera Pallida, Angelique H. Hoolahan, Vivian C. Blok, Tracey Gibson, Mark Dowton
Evidence Of Animal Mtdna Recombination Between Divergent Populations Of The Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera Pallida, Angelique H. Hoolahan, Vivian C. Blok, Tracey Gibson, Mark Dowton
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Recombination is typically assumed to be absent in animal mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). However, the maternal mode of inheritance means that recombinant products are indistinguishable from their progenitor molecules. The majority of studies of mtDNA recombination assess past recombination events, where patterns of recombination are inferred by comparing the mtDNA of different individuals. Few studies assess contemporary mtDNA recombination, where recombinant molecules are observed as direct mosaics of known progenitor molecules. Here we use the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, to investigate past and contemporary recombination. Past recombination was assessed within and between populations of G. pallida, and contemporary …
Satellite Evidence For A Large Source Of Formic Acid From Boreal And Tropical Forests, T Stavrakou, J F. Muller, J Peeters, A Razavi, L Clarisse, C Clerbaux, P Coheur, D Hurtmans, M De Maziere, C Vigouroux, Nicholas Deutscher, David Griffith, Nicholas Jones, Clare Paton-Walsh
Satellite Evidence For A Large Source Of Formic Acid From Boreal And Tropical Forests, T Stavrakou, J F. Muller, J Peeters, A Razavi, L Clarisse, C Clerbaux, P Coheur, D Hurtmans, M De Maziere, C Vigouroux, Nicholas Deutscher, David Griffith, Nicholas Jones, Clare Paton-Walsh
Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)
Formic acid contributes significantly to acid rain in remote environments1, 2. Direct sources of formic acid include human activities, biomass burning and plant leaves. Aside from these direct sources, sunlight-induced oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbons (largely of biogenic origin) is probably the largest source3, 4. However, model simulations substantially underpredict atmospheric formic acid levels5, 6, 7, indicating that not all sources have been included in the models. Here, we use satellite measurements of formic acid concentrations to constrain model simulations of the global formic acid budget. According to our simulations, 100–120 Tg of formic acid is produced annually, which is two …
Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson
Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The Australian Government increased the tax on ready-to-drink (RTD) alcohol beverages in 2008, in order to address concerns about increasing alcohol consumption among young people. This decision resulted in significant debate and discussion in the media, and in academic circles. The aim of the current study was to examine media coverage of the debate – and particularly the arguments posed in favour of and against the tax – now that we have objective evidence of its impact. We find that business owners and industry groups were vocal in the media, raising a number of arguments in opposition to the tax; …
Ion-Molecule Reactions Of O,S-Dimethyl Methylphosphonothioate: Evidence For Intramolecular Sulfur Oxidation During Vx Perhydrolysis, Jilliarne Williams, Martin Paine, Stephen J. Blanksby, Michael L. Rogers, Andrew M. Mcanoy
Ion-Molecule Reactions Of O,S-Dimethyl Methylphosphonothioate: Evidence For Intramolecular Sulfur Oxidation During Vx Perhydrolysis, Jilliarne Williams, Martin Paine, Stephen J. Blanksby, Michael L. Rogers, Andrew M. Mcanoy
Stephen Blanksby
The alkaline perhydrolysis of the nerve agent O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX) was investigated by studying the ion-molecule reactions of HOO- with O,S-dimethyl methylphosphonothioate in a modified linear ion-trap mass spectrometer. In addition to simple proton transfer, two other abundant product ions are observed at m/z 125 and 109 corresponding to the S-methyl methylphosphonothioate and methyl methylphosphonate anions, respectively. The structure of these product ions is demonstrated by a combination of collision-induced dissociation and isotope-labeling experiments that also provide evidence for their formation by nucleophilic reaction pathways, namely, (i) S(N)2 at carbon to yield the S-methyl methylphosphonothioate anion and (ii) nucleophilic …