Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Scholarship At Uwindsor Annual Report: 2014-2015, Dave Johnston

Leddy Library Reports

This is the annual report for Scholarship at UWindsor for 2014-2015. Topics include software features, content, and analytics.

Colon Cancer Care And Survival: Income And Insurance Are More Predictive In The Usa, Community Primary Care Physician Supply More So In Canada, Kevin M. Gorey, Sindu M. Kanjeekal, Frances C. Wright, Caroline Hamm, Isaac N. Luginaah, Emma Bartfay, Guangyong Zou, Erc J. Holowaty, Nancy L. Richter

Social Work Publications

Background: Our research group advanced a health insurance theory to explain Canada’s cancer care advantages over America. The late Barbara Starfield theorized that Canada’s greater primary care-orientation also plays a critically protective role. We tested the resultant Starfield-Gorey theory by examining the effects of poverty, health insurance and physician supplies, primary care and specialists, on colon cancer care in Ontario and California.

Methods: We analyzed registry data for people with non-metastasized colon cancer from Ontario (n = 2,060) and California (n = 4,574) diagnosed between 1996 and 2000 and followed to 2010. We obtained census tract-based socioeconomic data from population …

Homophobia And Heterosexism, Barry D. Adam

Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology Publications

“Homophobia” is a widely understood term referring to antihomosexual attitudes and practices, but terms such as “homophobia,” “heterosexism,” and “heteronormativity” point to different ideas of what “homosexual” means, and where opposition to same-sex relations originates. Gayle Rubin, relying on structural anthropology, proposes that it arises as a disciplinary mechanism used by men to exercise control over women’s reproductive power in families. Gender panic theory focuses particularly on how defensiveness against losing male status and privilege generates homophobia. Sociohistorical theories examine how homophobia increases or decreases according to the symbolic placement of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in the social …

Muzzles And Mixed Messages: Issues Between Science And The Federal Government In Canada’S Past And Present, Katherine Richter

The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History

This paper will examine the historical relationship between the federal government of Canada and the scientists it has employed over the past few decades. It will compare science policy and practices from leaders such as Diefenbaker and Trudeau to the policies currently followed by Stephen Harper's government. It will then ask what might be achieved by following those policies, despite the criticism received by the science community. The paper will ultimately argue that the federal government and scientists have often had a contentious relationship, and the policies the Conservative government is currently implementing are not new. It will also argue …

Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Flexibly Retrieve Objects’ Non-Spatial And Spatial Information From Their Visuospatial Working Memory: Effects Of Integrated And Separate Processing Of These Features In A Missing-Object Recognition Task, Corrine Nicole Keshen, Jerome Cohen

Psychology Publications

After being trained to find a previous missing object within an array of four different objects, rats received occasional probe trials with such test arrays rotated from that of their respective three-object study arrays. Only animals exposed to each object’s non-spatial features consistently paired with both its spatial features (feeder’s relative orientation and direction) in the first experiment or with only feeder’s relative orientation in the second experiment (Fixed Configuration groups) were adversely affected by probe trial test array rotations. This effect, however, was less persistent for this group in the second experiment but re-emerged when objects’ nonspatial features were …

Governance Of Oil/Gas Sector In Nigeria: Impacts On Water Resources In The Niger-Delta Region, Felix Olufemi Ogele

21st International Conference on Environmental Indicators (ICEI 2015)

No abstract provided.

Synergy Potential Among Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation And Biodiversity And Ecosystem Conservation In The Forest Sector, Kanako Morita, Ken'ichi Matsumoto

21st International Conference on Environmental Indicators (ICEI 2015)

No abstract provided.

University Of Windsor Faculty Survey: Analytical Memo, Ithaka S+R, Canadian Association Of Research Libraries (Carl)

Leddy Library Reports

The University of Windsor Faculty Survey: Analytical Memo is a companion report to the 2014 University of Windsor Faculty Survey: Report of Findings. It presents an analytical review of the survey responses from Ithaka S+R, a not-for-profit service which assists academic libraries to understand and navigate the economic and technological changes impacting universities and their libraries in the 21st century.

The Post-Migration Sexual Citizenship Of Latino Gay Men In Canada, Barry D. Adam, J Cristian Rangel

Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology Publications

The Cuéntame! Study interviewed 25 Spanish-speaking gay and bisexual men in Toronto. Their migration experiences are traversed by economic rationales, security concerns, and the embodied experiences of race, gender, culture, and sexuality. Most express narratives of empowered opportunity in distancing themselves from restrictive sexual regimes of their place of origin, but at the same time, many migrants trade a new sense of social acceptance as gay for marginalized statuses defined by diminished social and economic capital. The social participatory rights of citizenship are particularly affected by sexuality and social class. The need and desire to establish social and sexual connections …

Efficacy Of A Sexual Assault Resistance Program For University Women, Charlene Y. Senn, Misha Eliasziw, Paula C. Barata, Wilfreda E. Thurston, Ian R. Newby-Clark, H. Lorraine Radtke, Karen L. Hobden

Psychology Publications

Background

Young women attending university are at substantial risk for being sexually assaulted, primarily by male acquaintances, but effective strategies to reduce this risk remain elusive.

Methods

We randomly assigned first-year female students at three universities in Canada to the Enhanced Assess, Acknowledge, Act Sexual Assault Resistance program (resistance group) or to a session providing access to brochures on sexual assault, as was common university practice (control group). The resistance program consists of four 3-hour units in which information is provided and skills are taught and practiced, with the goal of being able to assess risk from acquaintances, overcome emotional …

Breast Cancer Among Women Living In Poverty: Better Care In Canada Than In The United States, Kevin M. Gorey, Nancy L. Richter, Isaac N. Luginaah, Caroline Hamm, Eric J. Holowaty, Guangyong Zou, Madhan K. Balagurusamy

Social Work Publications

This historical study estimated the protective effects of a universally accessible, single-payer health care system versus a multipayer system that leaves many uninsured or underinsured by comparing breast cancer care of women living in high-poverty neighborhoods in Ontario and California between 1996 and 2011. Women in Canada experienced better care, particularly as compared with women who were inadequately insured in the United States. Women in Canada were diagnosed earlier (rate ratio [RR] = 1.12) and enjoyed better access to breast conserving surgery (RR = 1.48), radiation (RR = 1.60), and hormone therapies (RR = 1.78). Women living in high-poverty Canadian …

Racial Identity Profiles Of Asian-White Biracial Young Adults: Testing A Theoretical Model With Cultural And Psychological Correlates, Vanessa Chong, B.C.H Kuo

Psychology Publications

Although the biracial population is expected to grow at astonishing rates in the upcoming decades across North America, rigorous quantitative psychological research on biracial identity is currently scarce. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine biracial identity profiles in a large sample of Asian-White biracial young adults (n=330, aged 18-30) living in the United States and Canada, as well as assess the interrelationships among biracial identity and psychological adjustment variables. Grounded in the expanded theoretical model of Multiracial Heritage Awareness and Personal Affiliation (M-HAPA:Choi-Misailidis, 2004) and its corresponding biracial identity measure, cluster analysis was conducted to evaluate …

Rats Anticipate Damaged Rungs On The Elevated Ladder: Applications For Rodent Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Daniel Lopatin, Nicole Caputo, Chelsey Damphousse, Siyaram Pandey, Jerome Cohen

Psychology Publications

The present study examined rats' ability to anticipate undetectable wider gaps between rungs produced when they stepped on and dislodged damaged rungs while they traversed a slightly inclined elevated ladder. Rats in the first of three experiments reduced running speeds when they encountered four evenly spaced damaged rungs either always placed on the first or second half of the ladder (the break-a-way (BW) phase) but quickly recovered to their baseline (BL) levels when damaged rungs where replaced with intact rungs (the recovery phase). Rats previously exposed to damaged rungs over the first half of the ladder increased their speeds above …

By Librarians, For Librarians: A Blueprint For The Carl Librarian's Research Institute, Heidi Jacobs, Selinda Berg

LRI Participants' Presentations and Posters

No abstract provided.

Multiplicative Disadvantage Of Being An Unmarried And Inadequately Insured Woman Living In Poverty With Colon Cancer: Historical Cohort Exploration In California, Naomi R. Levitz, Sundus Haji-Jama, Tonya Munro, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

Background: Many Americans diagnosed with colon cancer do not receive indicated chemotherapy. Certain unmarried women may be particularly disadvantaged. A 3-way interaction of the multiplicative disadvantages of being an unmarried and inadequately insured woman living in poverty was explored. Methods: California registry data were analyzed for 2,319 women diagnosed with stage II to IV colon cancer between 1996 and 2000 and followed until 2014. Socioeconomic data from the 2000 census classified neighborhoods as high poverty (≥30% of households poor), middle (5–29%) or low poverty (<5% poor). Primary health insurance was private, Medicare, Medicaid or none. Comparisons of chemotherapy rates used standardized rate ratios (RR). We respectively used logistic and Cox regression models to assess chemotherapy and survival. Results: A statistically significant 3-way marital status by health insurance by poverty interaction effect on chemotherapy receipt was observed. Chemotherapy rates did not differ between unmarried (39.0%) and married (39.7%) women who lived in lower poverty neighborhoods and were privately insured. But unmarried women (27.3%) were 26% less likely to receive chemotherapy than were married women (37.1%, RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.58, 0.95) who lived in high poverty neighborhoods and were publicly insured or uninsured. When this interaction and the main effects of health insurance, poverty and chemotherapy were accounted for, survival did not differ by marital status. Conclusions: The multiplicative barrier to colon cancer care that results from being inadequately insured and living in poverty is worse for unmarried than married women. Poverty is more prevalent among unmarried women and they have fewer assets so they are probably less able to absorb the indirect and direct, but uncovered, costs of colon cancer care. There seem to be structural inequities related to the institutions of marriage, work and health care that particularly disadvantage unmarried women that policy makers ought to be cognizant of as future reforms of the American health care system are considered.

The Cost Of A Telegram: The Evolution Of The International Regulation Of The Telegraph, Alan J. Richardson

Odette School of Business Publications

The telegraph was the first practical use of electricity. It revolutionized commercial communication and facilitated the globalization of business. As the telegraph developed as a medium of international communication, regulation was needed to overcome administrative and technical issues, and, importantly, to establish accounting procedures for the distribution of the revenue to multiple national partners. This paper traces the evolution of revenue allocation models through three international organizations that ultimately lead to the creation of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in 1932. The shifts in revenue allocation methods are consistent with a shift in focus of regulation from growth to efficiency …

Psychological Help-Seeking Among Latin American Immigrants In Canada: Testing A Culturally-Expanded Model Of The Theory Of Reasoned Action Using Path Analysis, B.C.H Kuo, Alma Roldan-Bau, Robert Lowinger

Psychology Publications

The current study investigated the psychosocial and cultural predictors of psychological help-seeking based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA: Ajzen and Fishbein 1980) in a sample of 223 adult Latin American immigrants living in Canada. Using path analysis, the results provided empirical support for the TRA, as both help-seeking attitudes and subjective norms were found to influence participants’ help-seeking intentions. Moreover, the re-specified culturally-expanded model showed a good fit to the data and revealed the direct and indirect effects that bi-directional acculturation (Latino and Canadian Cultural orientations), familism, and collective coping had on help-seeking intentions. The results point to …

Lecture Engagement And Metamotivational States: Tracking And Intervention, Kenneth M. Cramer, Kathryn Lafreniere

Psychology Publications

We studied the underlying motives governing students’ active learning in the classroom. Previous investigations indicate that during a standard lecture, student ratings of engagement decrease along with serious-mindedness (telic state). In each of two studies, a questionnaire packet was distributed to participants at the start of their 75-minute social psychology class. The instructor paused the lecture every 10 minutes (from Time 1 to Time 6) to assess the extent to which students were (a) serious-minded or telic and (b) engaged in the lecture. Results from Study 1 showed that both serious-mindedness and lecture engagement together dropped over the span of …

Respondent Self-Focus And The Internal Consistency Of The Motivational Style Profile, Kenneth M. Cramer, Kathryn Lafreniere, Phillip A. Ianni

Psychology Publications

One of the underlying tenets of both personality and social psychological theory assumes that questionnaire respondents have access to their thoughts and feelings. The same tenet underlies the various reversal theory states (e.g., telic/paratelic, negativism/conformity, autic mastery /sympathy, alloic mastery/sympathy), so that individuals who are more internally focused should have better access to their internal states and have higher internal consistency ratings across all measures. To evaluate this tenet, 620 participants recruited from a community sample completed a questionnaire that included the Motivational Style Profile and three self-focus measures: self-monitoring, identity formation, and private self-consciousness. Participants were divided (by median …

The Multidimensional Mortality Awareness Measure & Model (Mmamm): Development And Validation Of A New Self-Report Questionnaire & Psychological Framework, Mark R. Mcdermott, Kathryn Lafreniere

Psychology Publications

For each of eight literature-identified conceptual dimensions of mortality awareness, questionnaire items were generated, producing 89 in all. 359 participants responded to these items and to questionnaires measuring health attitudes, risk-taking, rebelliousness and demographic variables. Multivariate correlational analyses investigated the underlying structure of the item pool and the construct validity as well as the reliability of the emergent empirically derived subscales. Five components, rather than eight, were identified. Given the item content of each, the associated mortality awareness subscales were labelled as: legacy, fearfulness, acceptance, disempowerment, and disengagement. Each attained an acceptable level of internal reliability. Relationships with other variables …

University Students’ Coping Behaviours And Perceived Parental Depression: The Role Of Hope And Implications For Counsellors, Shawna A. Scott, Emily M. Johnson, Julie Hakim-Larson

Psychology Publications

Research has shown links between perceived parental depressive symptomology and young adults’ depressive symptoms (Rounding & Jacobson, 2013). Hope has been linked to fewer depressive symptoms and to greater adaptive coping behaviours (Chang & DeSimone, 2001). The relation between perceived parental depression, hope, and undergraduate university students’ coping behaviours was examined. Participants were 223 undergraduates (51 males, 172 females) aged 17 to 24. Beyond perceived parental depression, hope predicted higher levels of religion/spirituality, active coping, and planning, and predicted lower levels of humour and behavioural disengagement. Implications for counselling clients at risk for intergenerational depression are discussed.

La recherche a …

Ease Of Use And Usefulness As Measures Of Student Experience In A Multi-Platform E-Textbook Pilot, Dave Johnston, Selinda Berg, Karen Pillon, Mita Williams

Leddy Library Publications

Purpose: The current study seeks contribute to our understanding of how students accept and use e-textbooks in higher education by assessing their experiences with e-textbooks from Flat World Knowledge and Nelson Education during a two year campus pilot.

Design/methodology/approach: Students enrolled in one of 11 classes involved in the library’s e-textbook pilot were recruited to complete an online survey including questions related to the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of electronic textbooks, as well as their general habits with the textbook. This study uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a framework for analysis.

Findings: Students experienced a …

Making A Third Space For Student Voices In Two Academic Libraries, James Elmborg, Heidi Lm Jacobs, Kelly Mcelroy, Robert L. Nelson

Leddy Library Publications

When we think of voices in the library, we have tended to think of them as disruptive, something to control and manage for the sake of the total library environment. The stereotype of the shushing librarian pervades public perception, creating expectations about the kinds of spaces libraries want to create. Voices are not always disruptive, however. Indeed, developing an academic voice is one of the main challenges facing incoming university students, and libraries can play an important role in helping these students find their academic voices. Two initiatives at two different academic libraries are explored here: a Secrets Wall, where …

Making A Third Space For Student Voices In Two Academic Libraries, Heidi Lm Jacobs, James Elmborg, Kelly Mcelroy, Robert Nelson

Leddy Library Publications

When we think of voices in the library, we have tended to think of them as disruptive, something to control and manage for the sake of the total library environment. The stereotype of the shushing librarian pervades public perception, creating expectations about the kinds of spaces libraries want to create. Voices are not always disruptive, however. Indeed, developing an academic voice is one of the main challenges facing incoming university students, and libraries can play an important role in helping these students find their academic voices. Two initiatives at two different academic libraries are explored here: a Secrets Wall, where …

Attaching Hollywood To A Surveillant Assemblage: Normalizing Discourses Of Video Surveillance, Randy K. Lippert, Jolina Scalia

Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology Publications

This article examines video surveillance images in Hollywood film. It moves beyond previous accounts of video surveillance in relation to film by theoretically situating the use of these surveillance images in a broader “surveillant assemblage”. To this end, scenes from a sample of thirty-five (35) films of several genres are examined to discern dominant discourses and how they lend themselves to normalization of video surveillance. Four discourses are discovered and elaborated by providing examples from Hollywood films. While the films provide video surveillance with a positive associative association it is not without nuance and limitations. Thus, it is found that …

Delinquency And Crime Prevention: Overview Of Research Comparing Treatment Foster Care And Group Care, Gershon K. Osei, Kevin M. Gorey, Debra M. Hernandez Jozefowicz

Social Work Publications

Background: Evidence of treatment foster care (TFC) and group care’s (GC) potential to prevent delinquency and crime has been developing.

Objectives: We clarified the state of comparative knowledge with a historical overview. Then we explored the hypothesis that smaller, probably better resourced group homes with smaller staff/resident ratios have greater impacts than larger homes with a meta-analytic update.

Methods: Research literatures were searched to 2015. Five systematic reviews were selected that included seven independent studies that compared delinquency or crime outcomes among youths ages 10–18. A similar search augmented by author and bibliographic searches identified six additional studies with an …

Perceptions Of Social Support Among Canadian-Born And Non- Canadian-Born Parents Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Irene Carter, Wansoo Park, Stephanie J. Craig

Social Work Publications

No abstract provided.