Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Do Low-Income Neighbourhoods Have The Least Green Space? A Cross-Sectional Study Of Australia's Most Populous Cities, Thomas Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng, Suzanne Mavoa, Hannah M. Badland, Billie Giles-Corti

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

An inequitable distribution of parks and other ‘green spaces’ could exacerbate health inequalities if people on lower incomes, who are already at greater risk of preventable diseases, have poorer access.

Methods

The availability of green space within 1 kilometre of a Statistical Area 1 (SA1) was linked to data from the 2011 Australian census for Sydney (n = 4.6 M residents); Melbourne (n = 4.2 M); Brisbane (n = 2.2 M); Perth (n = 1.8 M); and Adelaide (n = 1.3 M). Socioeconomic circumstances were measured via the percentage population of each SA1 living on < $21,000 per annum. Negative binomial and logit regression models were used to investigate association between the availability of green space in relation to neighbourhood socioeconomic circumstances, adjusting for city and population density.

Results

Green space availability …

Cohort Protocol Paper: The Pain And Opioids In Treatment (Point) Study, Gabrielle Campbell, Richard P. Mattick, Raimondo Bruno, Briony K. Larance, Suzanne Nielsen, Milton Cohen, Nicholas Lintzeris, Fiona Shand, Wayne Hall, Bianca Hoban, Chyanne Kehler, Michael P. Farrell, Louisa Degenhardt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Internationally, there is concern about the increased prescribing of pharmaceutical opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). In part, this is related to limited knowledge about the long-term benefits and outcomes of opioid use for CNCP. There has also been increased injection of some pharmaceutical opioids by people who inject drugs, and for some patients, the development of problematic and/or dependent use. To date, much of the research on the use of pharmaceutical opioids among people with CNCP, have been clinical trials that have excluded patients with complex needs, and have been of limited duration (i.e. fewer than 12 weeks). …

A Longitudinal Examination Of The Outcomes For Gifted Students In The Wollongong Youth Study, Wilma Vialle, Steven J. Howard

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 14th International ECHA Conference, 17-20 September, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Parents And Adolescents Discuss Gambling Advertising: A Qualitative Study, Samantha L. Thomas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The study specifically aimed to explore:

1. How socio-cultural factors may influence the meanings individuals construct about gambling.

2. How different audience segments (in this case parents and their children) interpret messages about different types of advertisements in different ways.

3. How the framing of messages about gambling may influence perceptions about the risks and benefits associated with different types of gambling products and services.

The specific objectives of the study were to:

1. Provide detailed qualitative information about how different audience segments interpret the messages they see in gambling advertisements.

2. Strengthen understandings about how different gambling advertising strategies …

Feeling Bad: Emotions And Narrativity In Breaking Bad, E. Deidre Pribram Ph.D.

Faculty Works: COM (1993-2016)

In an interview that took place in January 1984, five months before his death, Michel Foucault relates an anecdote to illustrate what he means by 'relations of power':

For example, the fact that I may be older than you, and that you may initially have been intimidated, may be turned around during the course of our conversation, and I may end up being intimidated before someone precisely because he is younger than I am. (292)

His is a simple, almost offhand anecdote but one that has lingered in my mind precisely because of the inadequate means we possess to explain …

A Study Of Self-Efficacy In A Group Of Hmong Refugees, Mai M. Yang

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

Social cognitive theorist Albert Bandura defined resilience as the ability to organize thoughts and actions to manage prospective and unknown situations. He called it the theory of perceived self-efficacy (Bandura, 2010). The tool used to measure this construct is called the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), which assesses a broad stable sense of an individual's personal competence to efficiently deal with a variety of stressful situations. Previous research suggested that due to its positive association with mental health and well being, the GSES and theory of self-efficacy are worthy of further examination in refugees (Sulaiman-Hill and Thompson, 2011). This study examines …

Young And Misunderstood In The Education System: A Case Study Of Giftedness And Specific Learning Disabilities, Catherine M. Wormald, Wilma Vialle, Karen B. Rogers

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

An academically child who is gifted with learning disabilities is not readily recognised within the education system as demonstrating such contradictory traits. While there is a growing body of literature on such twice-exceptional children, effective means of identification and educational interventions still lags behind. To understand how this situation impacts individuals, an intensive case study of a young man, Thomas, with both gifts and learning disabilities was undertaken. Outstanding knowledge but an inability to demonstrate and express that knowledge meant frustration for Thomas. As a consequence, his disability meant that he manifested as a student with behavioural issues in the …

Patients' Perspectives On The Impact Of A New Copd Diagnosis In The Face Of Multimorbidity: A Qualitative Study, Sameera Ansari, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Sarah Dennis, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often occurs in the presence of comorbidities, which may influence experience and management of the disease. No prior research seems to have gained perspectives of newly diagnosed primary care COPD patients in the context of multimorbidity. Aims: This qualitative study aimed to explore the impact of a new diagnosis of COPD in the context of multimorbidity and also sought to gain a better understanding of how patients react to the diagnosis and incorporate it into their lives. Methods: Participants were identified from a cohort of primary …

A Randomised Controlled Trial Of A Consumer-Focused E-Health Strategy For Cardiovascular Risk Management In Primary Care: The Consumer Navigation Of Electronic Cardiovascular Tools (Connect) Study Protocol, Julie Redfern, Tim Usherwood, Mark Fort Harris, A Rodgers, Noel Hayman, Kathryn S. Panaretto, C Chow, A Lau, Lis Neubeck, G Coorey, F Hersch, E Heeley, Anushka Dr Anushka Patel, S Jan, Nicholas Arnold Zwar, David Peiris

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Introduction: Fewer than half of all people at highest risk of a cardiovascular event are receiving and adhering to best practice recommendations to lower their risk. In this project, we examine the role of an e-health-assisted consumer-focused strategy as a means of overcoming these gaps between evidence and practice. Consumer Navigation of Electronic Cardiovascular Tools (CONNECT) aims to test whether a consumer-focused e-health strategy provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-indigenous adults, recruited through primary care, at moderate-to-high risk of a cardiovascular disease event will improve risk factor control when compared with usual care. Methods and analysis: Randomised …

A Study Surface Layer And Hardness Produced By Induction Hardened S45c Steel, Alain Parisianto, Rosfian Dahar, Huijun Li, Syamsul Hadi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

A cylinder of Carbon Steel S45C with a ferrite and pearlite structure was analysed to improve the hardness and surface layer as well as the toughness. Accordingly, it is important to undertake a heat treatment process for the hardness and surface layer of this steel. The heat teatment process was carried out using induction heating with five different temperatures of 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C and 1200 °C followed by water quenching with certain cooling speed. The chemical compositions and microstructures of these samples were characterized by spectrometer and optical microscopy. The microhardness of the samples was measured and the surface …

A Comparative Study For Wear Resistant Of Stellite 6 Coatings On Nickel Alloy Substrate Produced By Laser Cladding, Hvof And Plasma Spraying Techniques, Alain Kusmoko, Druce P. Dunne, Huijun Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Stellite 6 coatings were deposited using laser cladding, high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying and plasma spraying techniques on a nickel alloy substrate. The surface roughness, chemical composition and microstructure of these coatings were characterised by a surface profilometer, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microhardness of the coatings was measured and the wear behaviour of the coatings was examined under controlled test conditions in a pin-on-plate (reciprocating) tribometer. The results showed that fully dense and crack-free laser clad Stellite 6 coatings can be formed on a high nickel steel substrate. Average microhardness values of the …

Time Spent On Daytime Direct Care Activities By Personal Carers In Two Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities: A Time-Motion Study, Siyu Qian, Ping Yu, David M. Hailey, Zhenyu Zhang, Pam Davy, Mark I. Nelson

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Objective. To examine the time, frequency and duration of each direct care activity conducted by personal carers in Australian residential aged care homes. Methods. A time-motion study was conducted to observe 46 personal carers at two high-care houses in two facilities (14 days at Site 1 and 16 days at Site 2). Twenty-three direct care activities were classified into eight categories for analysis. Results. Overall, a personal carer spent approximately 45% of their time on direct care, corresponding to 3.5 h in an 8-h daytime shift. The two sites had similar ratios of personal carers to residents, and each resident …

A Coastal Groundwater Management Model With Indian Case Study, Sudip Basack, Amartya Kumar Bhattacharya, Prabir Maity

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The complexity of the hydrogeological setup in coastal areas calls for the adoption of scientific groundwater management techniques. Excessive withdrawal of groundwater in coastal zones will lead to depression of the water table, with associated hazards such as putting the well out of use, rendering abstraction uneconomic with increased lift. A sustained regional groundwater drawdown below sea level runs the risk of saline water intrusion, even for confined coastal aquifers. Uncontrolled groundwater development may lead to reversal of the freshwater gradient, thereby resulting in saline water ingress into coastal aquifers. There are, however, several established methodologies to control and minimise …

Geometrical And Fea Study On Millipede Forming, Lingran Kong, Di Tang, Shichao Ding, Yuankun Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Millipede Forming is an innovative sheet metal forming approach that has been proposed and developed in Australia. U-channels, Z-channels or tubular products can be made by Millipede Forming. While a strip moves through an optimal transitional surface between the entry to exit of a forming stand, the redundant longitudinal membrane strain can be significantly reduced compared to the conventional roll forming, which is the essential principle to obtaining high quality products. The incremental forming process studied has demonstrated major advantages on space efficiency, power consumption and materials sensitivities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of main …

Sodium Hydroxide Production From Sodium Carbonate And Bicarbonate Solutions Using Membrane Electrolysis: A Feasibility Study, Alexander R. Simon, Takahiro Fujioka, William Price, Long Nghiem

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing NaOH from coal seam gas (CSG) brine by membrane electrolysis.

Comparative Study Of Vehicle Tyre-Road Friction Coefficient Estimation With A Novel Cost-Effective Method, Boyuan Li, Haiping Du, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper qualitatively and quantitatively reviews and compares three typical tyre-road friction coefficient estimation methods, which are the slip slope method, individual tyre force estimation method and extended Kalman filter method, and then presents a new cost-effective tyre-road friction coefficient estimation method. Based on the qualitative analysis and the numerical comparisons, it is found that all of the three typical methods can successfully estimate the tyre force and friction coefficient in most of the test conditions, but the estimation performance is compromised for some of the methods during different simulation scenarios. In addition, all of these three methods need global …

A Study Of Plastic Deformation Behavior During High Pressure Torsion Process By Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Simulation, Peitang Wei, Cheng Lu, A K. Tieu, Guanyu Deng

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

High pressure torsion (HPT) is an efficient technique of producing ultrafine grained materials with exceptional small grain size. In this study, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model has been developed to investigate the plastic deformation behavior of pure aluminum single crystal during the HPT process. The simulation results show that, the distribution and evolution of the macroscopic plastic strain and the accumulative shear strain are similar. The value increases with the increase of the distance from the center as well as the number of revolution. The simulation is capable of reflecting the anisotropic characteristics of HPT deformation, a …

Feasibility Study On The Implementation Of Ieee 802.11 On Cloud-Based Radio Over Fibre Architecture, Sen Zhang, Daniel Franklin

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This paper investigates the throughput performance of the IEEE 802.11 MAC when the physical layer is implemented remotely on a cloud-based SDR platform. An analytical model which considers a non-zero late ACK arrival probability is proposed to analyse throughput performance. Both conventional DCF and the Block ACK enhancement from current IEEE 802.11 standards are analysed using the proposed model. Results show that the network delay variance significantly degrades the performance of conventional DCF while enabling Block ACK significantly reduces this degradation.

Concept And Simulation Study Of A Novel Localization Method For Robotic Endoscopic Capsules Using Multiple Positron Emission Markers, Trung Duc Than, Gursel Alici, Steven Harvey, Hao Zhou, Weihua Li

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Purpose: Over the last decade, wireless capsule endoscope has been the tool of choice for noninvasive inspection of the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the small intestine. However, the latest clinical products have not been equipped with a sufficiently accurate localization system which makes it difficult to determine the location of intestinal abnormalities, and to apply follow-up interventions such as biopsy or drug delivery. In this paper, the authors present a novel localization method based on tracking three positron emission markers embedded inside an endoscopic capsule. Methods: Three spherical 22Na markers with diameters of less than 1 mm are embedded in …