Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Agenda Setting From The Oval Office: An Experimental Examination Of Presidential Influence Over The Public Agenda, José D. Villalobos, Cigdem V. Sirin

Cigdem V. Sirin

This study employs an experimental approach to isolate and directly test the extent to which presidents can affect public perceptions of issue importance and support for policy action, taking into consideration key factors that condition such effects. Our findings provide new empirical evidence that presidents can, in fact, positively influence public opinion through agenda setting, particularly by increasing the perceptual importance of low salience foreign policy issues. However, the results also indicate that such positive effects do not translate into public support for policy action; instead, presidential appeals actually decrease support. Last, our study offers new evidence that employing bipartisan …

Diabetes And Sleep Disorders: The Complex Web Of Intervening Variables, Pennie Seibert

Pennie S. Seibert

Sleep disorders (SDs) are present in approximately 30% of the world population and are associated with prolific health problems. Researchers are beginning to examine relationships shared by SDs and diabetes to illuminate relevant covariance. The extent of these relationships has been constrained by difficulty in acquiring valid data from people whose diagnoses are based on a complete nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). We constructed an 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with nocturnal polysomnography studies (NPS), multiple sleep latency tests, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and medical chart reviews of people referred for evaluation of SDs. …

Healthy, Wealthy, Wise? Psychosocial Factors Influencing The Socioeconomic Status–Health Gradient, Kymberlee M. O'Brien

Kymberlee M. O'Brien

The present research investigated psychosocial factors: control beliefs; social relations moderating the SES–health gradient. Participants included 3775 respondents from a national probability sample, Midlife in United States (t1: Age, M = 46.40, SD = 13.00, t2: Age, M = 55.47, SD = 12.43), who provided reports on control beliefs, social relations, and health at two assessment occasions (1994/1995 and 2002/2003). Hierarchical regression demonstrated that control beliefs, social support, and strain uniquely moderated relationships between SES and longitudinal health. The present study highlights the importance of psychosocial factors as protective mechanisms of socioeconomic disadvantages and associated long-term deleterious health outcomes.

The Complex Web Of Intervening Variables Shared By Chronic Pain And Sleep Disorders, Pennie Seibert, J. Valerio, C. Zimmerman

Pennie S. Seibert

Background and aims: An estimated that 20% of the world's population suffers from chronic pain (CP) and 25% experience sleep disturbances. The concomitance of CP and sleep disorders (SD) negatively impact general health and well-being. Investigations of this complex relationship have been constrained by difficulty in acquiring valid data from people whose SD diagnoses are based on complete nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT).

Methods: We constructed an 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with nocturnal polysomnography studies (NPS), multiple sleep latency tests, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and medical chart reviews of people referred for evaluation …

Synergistic Research: Psychological Science Applications Advance The Practice Of Medicine, Pennie Seibert

Pennie S. Seibert

No abstract provided.

Violence And Character: A Cups (Culture X Person X Situation) Perspective, D. Cohen, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Multicultural Experience Enhances Creativity: The When And How, Angela K. Y. Leung, William W. Maddux, Adam D. Galinsky, Chi-Yue Chiu

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

Many practices aimed at cultivating multicultural competence in educational and organizational settings (e.g., exchange programs, diversity education in college, diversity management at work) assume that multicultural experience fosters creativity. In line with this assumption, the research reported in this article is the first to empirically demonstrate that exposure to multiple cultures in and of itself can enhance creativity. Overall, the authors found that extensiveness of multicultural experiences was positively related to both creative performance (insight learning, remote association, and idea generation) and creativity-supporting cognitive processes (retrieval of unconventional knowledge, recruitment of ideas from unfamiliar cultures for creative idea expansion). Furthermore, …

Understanding The Social Consequences Of Microblogging, L. Qiu, Angela K.-Y. Leung, N. Tang

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

Microblogging has recently become a new form of communication that is rapidly changing everyone’s life. Through services such as Twitter, millions of people can broadcast short messages to their followers via instant messaging, SMS, or web interfaces. However, few studies have been conducted to understand the impact of these emerging phenomenons. In this study, we seek to understand the social consequences of microblogging. Further, we want to examine which aspects of microblogging are related to the consequences. We recruited 120 undergraduates and randomly assigned them to one of four groups (29 to 31 participants in each group). Each group was …

Culture, Psyche, And Body Make Each Other Up, Dov Cohen, Angela K. Y. Leung, Hans Ijzerman

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

The commentaries make important points, including ones about the purposeful uses of embodiment effects. Research examining such effects needs to look at how such effects play themselves out in people's everyday lives. Research might usefully integrate work on embodiment with work on attribution and work in other disciplines concerned with body–psyche connections (e.g., research on somaticizing versus “psychologizing” illnesses and hypercognizing versus hypocognizing emotions). Such work may help us understand the way positive and negative feedback loops operate as culture, psyche, and body make each other up.

Culture And The Structure Of Personal Experience: Insider And Outsider Phenomenologies Of The Self And Social World, D. Cohen, E. Hoshino-Browne, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

This chapter argues for the importance of understanding the role of culture in structuring people's personal phenomenological experience. Such an understanding is (1) important per se and (2) important for elucidating the feedback loops between culture and self, between macro‐level ideology and micro‐level experience. To illustrate, we contrast the “outsider” perspective on the self of Asian‐Americans with the “insider” perspective on the world for Euro‐Americans. We examine (1) the outsider versus insider perspective by looking at the phenomenology of memory imagery, online imagery, visualization and embodiment of narratives, and relational versus egocentric projection; (2) the implications for cultural differences in …

Cultural Processes: An Overview, Chi-Yue Chiu, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Ying-Yi Hong

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Embodied Cultural Cognition: The Soft Embodiment Of Cultural Imperatives And The Hard Embodiment Of Moral Worldviews, Angela K.-Y. Leung, D. Cohen

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Accommodation Motivation Moderates Group-Level Dissonance, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Evelyn Wing-Mun Au, Chi-Yue Chiu

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

Group dissonance describes a state of psychological discomfort that arises from an interpersonal source (e.g., an individual holding a position discrepant from that of the group). Recent research has shown that group-level dissonance reduction may explain conformity in small group settings (Matz & Wood, 2005). The present research shows that the motivation to accommodate may moderate group-level dissonance, such that only accommodation-motivated individuals, probably due to a strong desire to align personal and group opinions, would experience group dissonance. In Study 1, we validated a newly developed individual difference measure of accommodation motivation (AMS) and used a scenario to test …

The Effects Of Culture And Friendship On Rewarding Honesty And Punishing Deception, Cynthia S. Wang, Angela K.-Y. Leung, M. See, X. Gu

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

The present research explores whether the type of relationship one holds with deceptive or honest actors influences cross-cultural differences in reward and punishment. Research suggests that Americans reward honest actors more than they punish deceptive perpetrators, whereas East Asians reward and punish equally (Wang & Leung, 2010). Our research suggests that the type of relationship with the actor matters for East Asians, but not for Americans. East Asians exhibit favoritism toward their friends by rewarding more than punishing them, but reward and punish equally when the actors are strangers (Experiment 1 and 2); Americans reward more than they punish regardless …

The Fostering Of Creative Expansion Potential Through Multicultural Experiences, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Chi-Yue Chiu

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Attributionally More Complex People Show Less Punitiveness And Racism, Kim-Pong Tam, Al Au, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

Based on past findings that attributionally more complex people make less fundamental attribution error, it was hypothesized that they would show less punitiveness and racism. In a study of 102 undergraduates, this hypothesis received robust support. The effect of attributional complexity was significant in two different punitiveness measures, a rehabilitation support measure, and two different racism measures. Also, this effect still held when demographic variables, crime victimization history, and need for cognition were statistically controlled. Moreover, attributional complexity mediated the effect of need for cognition and gender on punitiveness and racism. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Workforce Diversity And Creativity: A Multilevel Analysis, J. Han, S-Q. Peng, Chi-Yue Chiu, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Bicultural Individuals Accommodate Their Interaction Strategies To The Projected Distributions Of Promotion- And Prevention-Focused Regulatory Foci In Interaction Partner's Cultural Group, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Toward A More Complete Understanding Of The Link Between Multicultural Experience And Creativity, William W. Maddux, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Chi-Yue Chiu, Adam D. Galinsky

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

Responds to G. J. Rich's comments on the current author's original article which presented evidence supporting the idea that multicultural experience can facilitate creativity. Rich has argued that our review, although timely and important, was somewhat limited in scope, focusing mostly on smaller forms of creativity ("little c": e.g., paper-and-pencil measures of creativity) as well as on larger forms of multicultural experience ("Big M": e.g., living in a foreign country). We agree with many aspects of Rich's assessment. The issue of whether different forms of multicultural experience can affect Big C creativity is of interest to both scholars and laypeople …

Multicultural Experiences And Intercultural Communication, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Chi-Yue Chiu

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Psychological Perspective And Physical Body Comportment As Carriers Of Culture, Angela K.-Y. Leung, D. Cohen

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Embodied Cultural Cognition: How Is Culture Carried By Our Bodily Experiences?, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

The Soft Embodiment Of Culture, Angela K.-Y. Leung, D. Cohen

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

I Pay Back Both Good And Bad Things: Cross-Cultural Variations In The Relationship Between Pro-Social Reciprocity And Violence, Angela K.-Y. Leung, D. Cohen

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

The Hard Embodiment Of Culture, Dov Cohen, Angela K. Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

The way humans move and comport their bodies is one way they (literally) carry their culture. In pre-wired embodiments, body comportment triggers basic, evolutionarily prepared affective and cognitive reactions that subsequently prime more complex representations. Culture suffuses this process, because (1) cultural artifacts, affordances, and practices make certain body comportments more likely, (2) cultural practices, rituals, schemas, and rules promote the learning of an otherwise underspecified connection between a given body comportment and a particular basic reaction, and (3) cultural meaning systems elaborate basic affective and cognitive reactions into more complex representations. These points are illustrated with three experiments that …

Harnessing Creativity From Diversity: A Multiple Level Model, J. Han, Si-Qing Peng, Chi-Yue Chiu, Angela K.-Y. Leung

Ka Yee Angela LEUNG

No abstract provided.

Follow The Crowd In A New Direction: When Conformity Pressure Facilitates Group Creativity (And When It Does Not), Jack Goncalo, Michelle M. Duguid

Jack Goncalo

Adopting a person by situation interaction approach, we identified conditions under which conformity pressure can either stifle or boost group creativity depending on the joint effects of norm content and group personality composition. Using a 2 x 2 x 2 experimental design, we hypothesized and found that pressure to adhere to an individualistic norm boosted creativity in groups whose members scored low on the Creative Personality Scale (Gough, 1979), but stifled creativity in groups whose members scored high on that measure. Our findings suggest that conformity pressure may be a viable mechanism for boosting group creativity, but only among those …

The Role Of Relational Self-Construal In Reactions To Charity Advertisements, K. Burton, Jonathan Gore, Jennifer Sturgeon

Jonathan Gore

Three studies examined the effect of relational self-construal on attitudes and behaviors toward charity advertisements after controlling for sex. In Study 1, 110 undergraduates completed a measure of relational self-construal and a questionnaire assessing liking toward charity advertisements. Study 2 (n = 121) utilized the same procedure as Study 1, but measured perceived effectiveness of the advertisements. Study 3 (n = 90) used a behavioral measure of helping. The results demonstrated that those with a highly relational self-construal had more favorable attitudes toward the advertisements and were more likely to help. This indicates that charities may consider targeting individuals who …

Governance-Default Risk Relationship And The Demand For Intermediated And Non-Intermediated Debt, Safdar Khan

Safdar Khan

No abstract provided.

Using Personality Profiles And Gender To Predict Affect, Chelsey Vandyke, Jonathan Gore

Jonathan Gore

Despite the abundance of research examining the association between personality traits and affect, few researchers have examined personality profiles. The hypotheses tested in this study examined how gender, extraversion, and neuroticism interact to predict positive and negative affect. Participants (n = 2,542) completed personality and mood surveys online. Bivariate correlation analyses and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results supported previous findings about the correlation between neuroticism, extraversion, and negative and positive affect, and people who are high on extraversion and high on neuroticism experienced the most affect variability. The correlation of extraversion and positive affect …