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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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2011

Life Sciences

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Articles 421 - 448 of 448

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Australian Women's Perceptions Of Breast Cancer Risk Factors And The Risk Of Developing Breast Cancer, Sandra C. Jones, Christopher A. Magee, Lance R. Barrie, Donald C. Iverson, Parri Gregory, Emma L. Hanks, Anne E. Nelson, Caroline L. Nehill, Helen M. Zorbas Jan 2011

Australian Women's Perceptions Of Breast Cancer Risk Factors And The Risk Of Developing Breast Cancer, Sandra C. Jones, Christopher A. Magee, Lance R. Barrie, Donald C. Iverson, Parri Gregory, Emma L. Hanks, Anne E. Nelson, Caroline L. Nehill, Helen M. Zorbas

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background Numerous studies have shown that the majority of women overestimate both their own risk and the populations’ risk of developing breast cancer. A number of factors have been found to correlate with perceived risk. Methods This paper reports on a telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of approximately 3,000 Australian women aged 30 to 69 years, conducted in 2007, and compares the findings with those of a similar survey conducted in 2003. Results There was a clear tendency for respondents to overestimate the proportion of women who will develop breast cancer during their lifetime. Approximately half the respondents …

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Does Aging Change Docosahexaenoic Acid Homeostasis? Implications For The Challenge To Cognitive Health In The Elderly, Christian-Alexandre Castellano, Raphael Chouinard-Watkins, J Tom Brenna, Barbara J. Meyer, Stephen C. Cunnane Jan 2011

Does Aging Change Docosahexaenoic Acid Homeostasis? Implications For The Challenge To Cognitive Health In The Elderly, Christian-Alexandre Castellano, Raphael Chouinard-Watkins, J Tom Brenna, Barbara J. Meyer, Stephen C. Cunnane

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Epidemiological studies fairly convincingly suggest that higher intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids present in fish is associated with reduced risk for age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Normally, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma is positively associated with DHA intake. However, despite being associated with lower fish and DHA intake, unexpectedly, ARCD is not consistently associated with lower plasma DHA. Furthermore, DHA is often slightly but significantly higher in plasma and erythrocytes in the elderly without ARCD compared to young adults. Higher plasma DHA in the elderly may be a sign that their fish or DHA intake is higher but we …

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Not Just The Taste: Why Adolescents Drink Alcopops, Sandra C. Jones, Samantha Reis Jan 2011

Not Just The Taste: Why Adolescents Drink Alcopops, Sandra C. Jones, Samantha Reis

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the features of alcopops which make them attractive to Australian adolescents, which features are most important in determining choice of ready-to-drinks (RTDs) over other alcoholic drinks, and whether these vary by age and gender. Design/methodology/approach – Mixed methods study. Participants in Study 1 (focus groups) were 72 adolescents aged 12-17 from New South Wales, Australia; four groups each from Sydney (metropolitan area), Wollongong (regional) and Dubbo (rural); and in Study 2 (survey), 1,263 adolescents aged 12-17 recruited through schools, mall intercepts, and online. Findings – The predominant factor influencing preference …

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A Strong Commitment To Mental Health Nursing, Renee Brighton, Angela Brown, Terence Froggatt, Susan Liersch Jan 2011

A Strong Commitment To Mental Health Nursing, Renee Brighton, Angela Brown, Terence Froggatt, Susan Liersch

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health (SNMIH) at the University of Wollongong, places great emphasis on providing nursing students with fundamental education and knowledge in mental health nursing. There are two dedicated undergraduate mental health subjects delivered within the Bachelor of Nursing (BN) program. Both subjects are placed in adjacent sessions to provide a consolidated speciality experience for all BN students. The two subjects incorporate core values and principles to guide the teaching of mental health nursing, learning outcomes that reflect the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ANMC) competencies and are based on recommendations from the Mental Health …

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Declining Physical Activity Levels As An Unintended Consequence Of Abolishing Mandatory Campus Service Fees, Sandra C. Jones, Lance R. Barrie Jan 2011

Declining Physical Activity Levels As An Unintended Consequence Of Abolishing Mandatory Campus Service Fees, Sandra C. Jones, Lance R. Barrie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: This study investigates the effect of the introduction of voluntary student unionism and subsequent increase in campus facility fees on engagement in physical activity on campus. Participants: Participants were 1,904 students from a large regional NSW (Australia) university across 3 time periods (926 in 2005, 504 in 2006, and 474 in 2007). Methods: Students completed a survey across the 3 time periods, responding to questions about physical activity levels, use of on-campus and off-campus facilities, and barriers to facility use. Results: Participation in physical activity at university facilities was low overall, and declined substantially between 2005 and 2007, with …

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Face Viewpoint Effects About Three Axes: The Role Of Configural And Featural Processing, Simone K. Favelle, Stephen A. Palmisano, Georgina Avery Jan 2011

Face Viewpoint Effects About Three Axes: The Role Of Configural And Featural Processing, Simone K. Favelle, Stephen A. Palmisano, Georgina Avery

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We directly compared recognition for faces following 0° – 75° viewpoint rotation about the yaw, pitch, and roll axes. The aim was to determine the extent to which configural and featural information supported face recognition following rotations about each of these axes. Experiment 1 showed that performance on a sequential-matching task was viewpoint-dependent for all three types of rotation. The best face-recognition accuracy and shortest reaction time was found for roll rotations, then for yaw rotations, and finally the worst accuracy and slowest reaction time was found for pitch rotations. Directional differences in recognition were found for pitch rotations, but …

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Implementation And Evaluation Of A Community-Based Social Marketing Campaign To Create Awareness Of Hypertension As A Risk Factor For Dementia, Kelly Andrews, Lyn Phillipson, Sandra C. Jones, Danika Hall, J. Potter, Gaye Sykes Jan 2011

Implementation And Evaluation Of A Community-Based Social Marketing Campaign To Create Awareness Of Hypertension As A Risk Factor For Dementia, Kelly Andrews, Lyn Phillipson, Sandra C. Jones, Danika Hall, J. Potter, Gaye Sykes

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

As the Australian population ages, the incidence of dementia is rising in epidemic proportions, with serious implications for sufferers, carers and health services. There is a compelling need for effective early intervention and prevention strategies as well as models to guide knowledge translation to improve dementia prevention and care. The most modifiable risk factor for dementia is hypertension and treating hypertension in midlife is the most effective means of reducing dementia risk, yet public awareness of this is extremely low. The purpose of this pilot project was to plan, implement and evaluate a social marketing campaign to raise community awareness …

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Unravelling Some Of The Complexities Concerning The Neural Control Of Human Eccrine Sweating, Christiano A. Machado-Moreira, Peter L. Mclennan, Stephen Lillioja, Joanne N. Caldwell, Wilko Van Dijk, Nigel A. S Taylor Jan 2011

Unravelling Some Of The Complexities Concerning The Neural Control Of Human Eccrine Sweating, Christiano A. Machado-Moreira, Peter L. Mclennan, Stephen Lillioja, Joanne N. Caldwell, Wilko Van Dijk, Nigel A. S Taylor

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The widely accepted, though not unequivocal, opinion concerning thermal and psychological (psychogenic) seating is tha the former is cholinergically mediated (Dale & Feldberg, 1934), while the latter is of noradrenergic origin (Robertshaw, 1977). Moreover, psychological sweating is thought to be elicited by a different neural centre (Ogawa, 1975), possibly through separate pathways (Chalmers & Keele, 1952) that exclusively innervate the glabrous (non-hairy) skin of the hands and feet (Darow, 1937, Kuno, 1956, Ogawa, 1975). Evidence for the cholinergic modulation of thermal sweating is incontrovertible. However, evidence supporting the theoretical control of psychological sweating is less than convincing. Following observations of …

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Tomorrows Workforce: Factors Influencing Nursing Students' Development Of Nursing Assessment & Clinical Skills, Andrew Horne, Patrea Andersen, Roy Brown, Patrick A. Crookes Jan 2011

Tomorrows Workforce: Factors Influencing Nursing Students' Development Of Nursing Assessment & Clinical Skills, Andrew Horne, Patrea Andersen, Roy Brown, Patrick A. Crookes

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research Design - The aim of this research was to: •Describe student nurses experiences undertaking nursing assessments on clients in clinical practice. •Identify factors influencing the students’ ability to perform assessments. •Determine the types of nursing assessments undertaken by students and the frequency of these. •Identify student involvement in completing assessment documentation on nursing assessments.

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'As Long As You Have Some Of That, It Cancels It Out': How Advertisers Use Guilt To Sell Us Quick-Fixes For Our Unhealthy Behaviour, Lance Barrie, Sandra C. Jones Jan 2011

'As Long As You Have Some Of That, It Cancels It Out': How Advertisers Use Guilt To Sell Us Quick-Fixes For Our Unhealthy Behaviour, Lance Barrie, Sandra C. Jones

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In a society with numerous guidelines for „healthy living‟, people make conscious decisions to substitute or trade certain health behaviours with others. The current study investigates young adults‟ perceptions of messages in advertising which imply that use or consumption of a product may have health benefits or may even provide a „solution‟ or trade-off for a consumer who has made (or would like to make) a suboptimal health behaviour choice. Using focus groups and a survey, we found that these types of decisions are common, and that people spontaneously recall editorial and advertising messages that convey such messages. Responding to …

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Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson Jan 2011

Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Australian Government increased the tax on ready-to-drink (RTD) alcohol beverages in 2008, in order to address concerns about increasing alcohol consumption among young people. This decision resulted in significant debate and discussion in the media, and in academic circles. The aim of the current study was to examine media coverage of the debate – and particularly the arguments posed in favour of and against the tax – now that we have objective evidence of its impact. We find that business owners and industry groups were vocal in the media, raising a number of arguments in opposition to the tax; …

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Cannabis And Cognition: Short- And Long-Term Effects, Nadia Solowij, Nicole Pesa Jan 2011

Cannabis And Cognition: Short- And Long-Term Effects, Nadia Solowij, Nicole Pesa

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Twenty years ago cannabis was generally perceived to be a benign drug with few significant adverse effects. As outlined elsewhere in this book, evidence has since mounted in the scientific literature for a range of harms associated with the use of cannabis, including the development of dependence and health-related harms (see also Hall and Solowij, 1998; Hall and Degenhardt, 2009). As the overall theme of this book indicates, an association between cannabis use and the development of psychotic symptoms or overt psychosis has grown to be recognized as a significant potential harm, and investigating the mechanisms by which cannabis may …

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The Spatial Tuning Of "Motion Streak" Mechanisms Revealed By Masking And Adaptation, Deborah Apthorp, John Cass, David Alais Jan 2011

The Spatial Tuning Of "Motion Streak" Mechanisms Revealed By Masking And Adaptation, Deborah Apthorp, John Cass, David Alais

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We previously reported that fast-moving dot arrays cause orientation-tuned masking of static gratings (D. Apthorp, J. Cass, & D. Alais, 2010), which we attribute to “motion streaks.” Using similar “streaky” dot motion, we describe spatial frequency tuning of grating threshold elevations caused by masking (Experiment 1) and adaptation (Experiment 2) to motion. To compare the streaks with psychophysical tunings, we Fourier analyzed time-averaged translating dots, which were bandpass (peaking at È2.3 c/deg). Masking, however, was strongest at lower test frequencies (e1 c/deg) and largely isotropic over orientation, although a small orientation-tuned effect occurred at È1.2 c/deg. Results were broadly similar …

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Conversion Of Australian Food Composition Data From Ausnut1999 To 2007 In The Clinical Trial Context, Elizabeth P. Neale, Yasmine C. Probst, Rebecca Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Jane E. O'Shea, Marijka J. Batterham, Linda C. Tapsell Jan 2011

Conversion Of Australian Food Composition Data From Ausnut1999 To 2007 In The Clinical Trial Context, Elizabeth P. Neale, Yasmine C. Probst, Rebecca Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Jane E. O'Shea, Marijka J. Batterham, Linda C. Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

An Australian food composition database, AUSNUT1999, does not include long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC omega-3 PUFA) data. Measurement of the fatty acid content of diets initially analysed using AUSNUT1999 requires conversion to AUSNUT2007, an updated database inclusive of LC omega-3 PUFA. The aim of this study was to convert clinical trial dietary data from AUSNUT1999 to AUSNUT2007 and measure LC omega-3 PUFA intake. Clinical trial diet history (DH) data was converted from AUSNUT1999 to 2007 using a staged approach. Macronutrient intake from AUSNUT1999 and 2007 were calculated and compared via paired t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Mean …

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Implementation Of A Major In Mental Health Nursing In Australian Universities, Brenda Happell, Lorna Moxham, Karen-Ann Clarke Jan 2011

Implementation Of A Major In Mental Health Nursing In Australian Universities, Brenda Happell, Lorna Moxham, Karen-Ann Clarke

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The difficulty recruiting and retaining an adequate mental health nursing workforce is acknowledged. The major in mental health nursing has been identified as a strategy to promote this specialist area of practice as desirable for students’ future careers. Measuring its success requires the collection of detailed data about the structure, content, and uptake of these programmes. A survey was specifically developed to elicit descriptive information about the structure and content of a major in mental health nursing programmes. Fourteen universities participated in this research. Eight had implemented a major, one intends to do so in 2011, and five had abandoned …

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Investigation Of Population Heterogeneity Of Diet Use Among Middle-Aged Australians, Wei C. Wang, Anthony Worsley, Everada G. Cunningham, Wendy Hunter Jan 2011

Investigation Of Population Heterogeneity Of Diet Use Among Middle-Aged Australians, Wei C. Wang, Anthony Worsley, Everada G. Cunningham, Wendy Hunter

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The purpose of the study was to determine patterns of diet use among middle-aged Australian men and women and the relationships between these different usage patterns and demographic characteristics, health status and health habits. A cross-sectional mail survey was conducted among a random sample of 2975 people aged 40–71 years in Victoria, Australia. A total of 1031 usable questionnaires were obtained which included information about the use of diets (e.g. low-fat and low-salt) during the past 3 months along with demographic information, health status and health habits. Based on the responses about the use of thirteen diets for both sexes, …

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Rtds In Australia: Expensive Designer Drinks Or Cheap Rocket Fuel?, Sandra C. Jones, Lance Barrie Jan 2011

Rtds In Australia: Expensive Designer Drinks Or Cheap Rocket Fuel?, Sandra C. Jones, Lance Barrie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction and Aims. The ready-to-drink (RTD) market is growing rapidly, and this product category has been shown to be particularly appealing to young drinkers. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the range and availability of RTDs available in New South Wales (NSW) (including metropolitan, regional and rural areas), with a particular focus on the variations in alcohol content and pricing. Design and Methods. A total of 52 alcohol outlet audits were conducted across nine locations, including metropolitan, regional and rural New South Wales. Trained auditors recorded the RTDs for sale in each outlet, including …

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Depth Interval Estimates From Motion Parallax And Binocular Disparity Beyond Interaction Space, Barbara Gillam, Stephen Palmisano, Donovan Govan Jan 2011

Depth Interval Estimates From Motion Parallax And Binocular Disparity Beyond Interaction Space, Barbara Gillam, Stephen Palmisano, Donovan Govan

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Static and dynamic observers provided binocular and monocular estimates of the depths between real objects lying well beyond interaction space. On each trial, pairs of LEDs were presented inside a dark railway tunnel. The nearest LED was always 40 m from the observer, with the depth separation between LED pairs ranging from 0 up to 248 m. Dynamic binocular viewing was found to produce the greatest (ie most veridical) estimates of depth magnitude, followed next by static binocular viewing, and then by dynamic monocular viewing. (No significant depth was seen with static monocular viewing.) We found evidence that both binocular …

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Asthma And Ageing: An End User's Perspective- The Perception And Problems With The Management Of Asthma In The Elderly, Sandra C. Jones, Don Iverson, Pippa Burns, Uwana Evers, Peter Caputi, S. Morgan Jan 2011

Asthma And Ageing: An End User's Perspective- The Perception And Problems With The Management Of Asthma In The Elderly, Sandra C. Jones, Don Iverson, Pippa Burns, Uwana Evers, Peter Caputi, S. Morgan

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite the high prevalence of asthma in the elderly, its development, diagnosis, and treatment are under-researched. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge in relation to management of asthma in the elderly – focusing on barriers to diagnosis and treatment and the central role of self-management. Asthma prevalence increases with age, as does the risk of dying from asthma, and with the ageing of the population and increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of (diagnosed and undiagnosed) asthma in older adults is expected to increase drastically, placing an increasing burden on sufferers, the community and health …

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Vection In Depth During Consistent And Inconsistent Multisensory Stimulation, April Ash, Stephen Palmisano, Juno Kim Jan 2011

Vection In Depth During Consistent And Inconsistent Multisensory Stimulation, April Ash, Stephen Palmisano, Juno Kim

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

We examined vection induced during physical or simulated head oscillation along either the horizontal or depth axis. In the first two experiments, during active conditions, subjects viewed radial-flow displays which simulated viewpoint oscillation that was either in-phase or out-of-phase with their own tracked head movements. In passive conditions, stationary subjects viewed playbacks of displays generated in earlier active conditions. A third control, experiment was also conducted where physical and simulated fore ^ aft oscillation was added to a lamellar flow display. Consistent with ecology, when active in-phase horizontal oscillation was added to a radial-flow display it modestly improved vection compared …

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Relationships Between Self-Rated Health, Quality Of Life And Sleep Duration In Middle Aged And Elderly Australians, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don Iverson Jan 2011

Relationships Between Self-Rated Health, Quality Of Life And Sleep Duration In Middle Aged And Elderly Australians, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don Iverson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To determine whether sleep duration is associated with self-rated health and quality of life in adults residing in New South Wales, Australia. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 45 and Up Study were used. Sleep duration, self-rated health, quality of life and other health-related variables were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Multi-nomial logistic regression models were used to examine whether sleep duration predicted self-rated health and quality of life. Results: The sample included 63,408 adults aged 45–95 years. After controlling for a range of covariates, (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.31–1.70), 6 h sleep (OR = 1.28, …

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Short Sleep Mediates The Association Between Long Work Hours And Increased Body Mass Index, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don Iverson Jan 2011

Short Sleep Mediates The Association Between Long Work Hours And Increased Body Mass Index, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don Iverson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study examined whether short sleep duration, physical activity and time spent sitting each day mediated the association between long work hours and body mass index (BMI). Participants included 16,951 middle aged Australian adults who were employed in full time work (i.e. ≥35 h a week). Data on BMI, sleep duration, work hours and other health and demographic variables were obtained through a self-report questionnaire. A multiple mediation model was tested whereby sleep duration, physical activity and amount of time spent sitting were entered as potential mediators between work hours and BMI. The results demonstrated that short sleep partially mediated …

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Reciprocal Signalling Between Nr2 Subunits Of The Nmda Receptor And Neuregulin 1 And Their Role In Schizophrenia, Amy Geddes, Xu-Feng Huang, Kelly A. Newell Jan 2011

Reciprocal Signalling Between Nr2 Subunits Of The Nmda Receptor And Neuregulin 1 And Their Role In Schizophrenia, Amy Geddes, Xu-Feng Huang, Kelly A. Newell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Schizophrenia is a debilitating neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder. Both the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and neuregulin1 (NRG1) are key molecules involved in normal brain development that have been linked to schizophrenia pathology and aetiology. The NR2 proteins are critical structural and functional subunits of the NMDAR and are developmentally and spatially regulated. Altered NR2 gene and protein expression has been found in human post-mortem schizophrenia brain tissue together with changes in NRG1 and its receptor ErbB4. The NR2 subunits and ErbB4 share a common anchoring domain on the postsynaptic density and therefore a disruption to either of these molecules may influence the …

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Parent's Responses To Nutrient Claims And Sports Celebrity Endorsements On Energy-Dense And Nutrient-Poor Foods: An Experimental Study, Helen Dixon, Maree Scully, Melanie Wakefield, Bridget Kelly, Kathy Chapman, Robert Donovan Jan 2011

Parent's Responses To Nutrient Claims And Sports Celebrity Endorsements On Energy-Dense And Nutrient-Poor Foods: An Experimental Study, Helen Dixon, Maree Scully, Melanie Wakefield, Bridget Kelly, Kathy Chapman, Robert Donovan

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To assess parents’ responses to common, potentially misleading strategies for marketing energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) child-oriented foods. Design: Between-subjects online experiment to test whether nutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements on the front of packs of EDNP products lead parents to prefer and rate these foods more favourably. Setting: Australia. Subjects: A total of 1551 parents of children aged 5–12 years, who were the main household grocery buyers. Results: Inclusion of nutrient claims or sports celebrity endorsements on EDNP products led parents to perceive these products to be more nutritious than if they did …

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Optimizing Dietary Fat In A Weight-Loss Trial Requires Advice Based On A Structured "Whole-Of-Diet" Model, Lynda J. Ross, Linda C. Tapsell, Yasmine Probst Jan 2011

Optimizing Dietary Fat In A Weight-Loss Trial Requires Advice Based On A Structured "Whole-Of-Diet" Model, Lynda J. Ross, Linda C. Tapsell, Yasmine Probst

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Dietary trials may link macronutrient intakes to health outcomes, but adherence to dietary targets requires advice based on an understanding of food composition and consumption patterns. Using data from a weight loss trial, we hypothesized that structured advice would be required for significant fat modification to occur. We compared participants' food choice patterns in response to advice based on a structured “whole-of-diet” model vs a general approach to healthy eating. Overweight participants (n = 122) were randomized to 2 advice arms (saturated fat [SFA] < 10% energy [E]): (1) general low fat (LF) control—(a) isoenergy, (b) −2000 kJ; and (2) structured LF high polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) (∼10% energy PUFA; PUFA to SFA ratio ≥1) (LF-PUFA)—(a) isoenergy, (b) −2000 kJ. Intakes of E and fat and fat from food groups (percentage of total fat intake) were compared at baseline, 3 months, P < .05. Baseline diets were similar, with most fat from high-SFA foods (59%): meat and milk-based staple meals and high-fat snacks. By 3 months, all groups reduced E and met the SFA target. Polyunsaturated fat targets were met by the LF-PUFA groups only (P < .001), enabling targeted between-group differences. In response to general advice, LF groups simply switched to LF alternatives of the same foods (P < .05). In comparison, LF-PUFA groups shifted fat intake to high-PUFA choices (54%), consuming more fat than controls from nuts (P < .001), whole grains (P < .001), and oils and spreads (P < .05). Significant reductions in E were achieved regardless of advice, but significant shifts in dietary fat profile relied on structured whole-of-diet advice on a range of meal and snack food sources of fat subtypes.

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Epidemiology Of Influenza-Like Illness During Pandemic (H1n1) 2009, New South Wales, Australia, David Muscatello, Margo Barr, Sarah Thackway, C. Raina Maclntyre Jan 2011

Epidemiology Of Influenza-Like Illness During Pandemic (H1n1) 2009, New South Wales, Australia, David Muscatello, Margo Barr, Sarah Thackway, C. Raina Maclntyre

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

To rapidly describe the epidemiology of infl uenza-like illness (ILI) during the 2009 winter epidemic of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in New South Wales, Australia, we used results of a continuous population health survey. During July–September 2009, ILI was experienced by 23% of the population. Among these persons, 51% were unable to undertake normal duties for <3 days, 55% sought care at a general practice, and 5% went to a hospital. Factors independently associated with ILI were younger age, daily smoking, and obesity. Effectiveness of prepandemic seasonal vaccine was ≈20%. The high prevalence of risk factors associated with a substantially increased risk for ILI deserves greater recognition.

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Gene-Environment Interactions, Criminal Responsibility, And Sentencing, Stephen J. Morse Jan 2011

Gene-Environment Interactions, Criminal Responsibility, And Sentencing, Stephen J. Morse

All Faculty Scholarship

This chapter in, Gene-Environment Interactions in Developmental Psychopathology (K. Dodge & M. Rutter, eds. 2011), considers the relevance of GxE to criminal responsibility and sentencing. It begins with a number of preliminary assumptions that will inform the analysis. It then turns to the law’s view of the person, including the law’s implicit psychology, and the criteria for criminal responsibility. A few false starts or distractions about responsibility are disposed of briefly. With this necessary background in place, the chapter then turns specifically to the relation between GxE and criminal responsibility. It suggests that GxE causes of criminal behavior have no …

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Variation, Systematics, And Relationships Of The Leptodactylus Bolivianus Complex (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae), W. Ronald Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá Jan 2011

Variation, Systematics, And Relationships Of The Leptodactylus Bolivianus Complex (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae), W. Ronald Heyer, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Heyer, W. Ronald, and Rafael O. de Sá. Variation, Systematics, and Relationships of the Leptodactylus bolivianus Complex (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 635, viii + 58 pages, 21 figures, 20 tables, 2011.—The Leptodactylus bolivianuscomplex has been considered to consist of one or two species, L. bolivianus alone or L. bolivianus and L. insularum. Detailed morphological analyses were undertaken to evaluate variation in the complex, which ranges from Costa Rica through Panama, across northern South America in the river valleys draining to the Caribbean, and throughout much of the Amazon basin with southern limits in Bolivia. Members of …

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