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Articles 1 - 30 of 124
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
African Americans In Politics: What Factors Lead To The Election Of African American Representatives, Keith D. Gonzales, Sven Wilson
African Americans In Politics: What Factors Lead To The Election Of African American Representatives, Keith D. Gonzales, Sven Wilson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
African Americans have triumphed over a difficult history in the United States. They have had to overcome prejudices in education, the workforce, and politics. Today, we have an African American president and many African Americans hold office on every level of government. It seems to be a good time to evaluate the political environment for African Americans. Data from Congressional districts has been gathered and evaluated. The data has shown three significant factors affecting the chances of African Americans to be elected as a representative from any district. The results hint that there may still be work to be done …
Benefits And Applications Of Journaling: Exploring The Lower Boundary For Effective Dosage In Non-Clinical Populations, Ryan Hunsaker, Patrick Steffen
Benefits And Applications Of Journaling: Exploring The Lower Boundary For Effective Dosage In Non-Clinical Populations, Ryan Hunsaker, Patrick Steffen
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Written expressions of emotion have been shown to produce favorable outcomes in both spheres of physicalhealth and mentalhealth (Murray, 2009; Pennebaker, 2000). Although scientists have identified to some degree what the effects of journaling are, much less is known regarding exactly whenthis impact is most likely to occur (Pennebaker, 2000). Several studies have shown clinically significant benefits for brief journaling interventions (e.g., Greenberg, Wortman, & Stone, 1996; Burton and King, 2008), but the long-term benefits and the lowest dosages necessary for these benefits are debatable. The current study provides an opportunity to assay the therapeutic effects of a brief journaling …
Antecedents Of Paternal Involvement: Is It More Than Just Being There?, Heidi Harris, Nathan Jorgensen, Jessica Francis, Stacia Svedi
Antecedents Of Paternal Involvement: Is It More Than Just Being There?, Heidi Harris, Nathan Jorgensen, Jessica Francis, Stacia Svedi
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Our primary research question focuses on what predicts higher levels of father involvement. Previous research has only touched on the variables that influence a father's involvement and very few assess father involvement using a multiple factor definition of involvement and fewer still assess multiple predictors of involvement in one model. Using the Lamb-Pleck model (1987) father involvement was measured (see Marsiglio, Amato, Day, & Lamb, 2000; Hawkins et al., 2002) in three aspects: accessibility, engagement, and responsibility). In the current study, items measuring responsibility did not factor together in a way that allowed for further analysis and this element was …
An Ethnology Of Tillage: The Role And Bearing Of Land A Societal Force In Midwest Agricultural Communities., Olivia Wilkinson, Sheila Bibb
An Ethnology Of Tillage: The Role And Bearing Of Land A Societal Force In Midwest Agricultural Communities., Olivia Wilkinson, Sheila Bibb
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Literary novelists have long revered the steady and resilient people of the plains. Sociologists and economic researchers have analyzed the drastic changes of the farming business in the recent decades of upheaval. Biochemists take sample after sample of dark brown earth to advance the science of crop growing.
Between Two Worlds: Relationships Between Hearing Children And Their Deaf Parents, Corinne Hoskin, John Hawkins
Between Two Worlds: Relationships Between Hearing Children And Their Deaf Parents, Corinne Hoskin, John Hawkins
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Hearing children of Deaf parents (HCDPs) — a population rarely addressed by researchers — are surrounded by the Deaf culture of their parents and Hearing culture of their peers and mentors. The differences in language and culture that they experience produce a confusing and potentially disorienting world. HCDPs accept Deafness as an integral part of their identity, as illustrated through the relationships between parent and child.
Abuse History And Therapy Participation Among Men And Women In Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Alexandria Kunzler, Sasha Mondragon, Amy Welsh, Scott Baldwin
Abuse History And Therapy Participation Among Men And Women In Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Alexandria Kunzler, Sasha Mondragon, Amy Welsh, Scott Baldwin
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
The differences between men (N = 26) and women’s (N = 27) self-reports of abuse and recorded therapy participation were examined among clients in a methadone maintenance treatment program. Results indicate that women report significantly more abuse. We found no significant difference in therapy participation between men and women.
Are All Sports Created Equal?, Tiffany Wright, Benjamin Gibbs
Are All Sports Created Equal?, Tiffany Wright, Benjamin Gibbs
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Extra-curricular activities have become the norm rather than the exception at public high schools around the country. Sports are particularly high on the list of the most available activities. While studies have shown that different types of extra-curricular activities generally have a favorable impact on student achievement, this study looks directly at individual sports to find that not all sports are created equally. Looking at Peabody Health Scores from waves one and three of the Adolescent Health Survey, I selected two sports, soccer and basketball, with similar structures and similar representation across class and gender to compare their effects on …
Acupuncture Reduces Ethanol Inhibition Of Vta Gaba Neuron Activity And Ethanol Self-Administration: Role Of Endogenous Opioids, Jung J. Park, Bryan Blumell, Brian Hoyt, Mandy M. Foote
Acupuncture Reduces Ethanol Inhibition Of Vta Gaba Neuron Activity And Ethanol Self-Administration: Role Of Endogenous Opioids, Jung J. Park, Bryan Blumell, Brian Hoyt, Mandy M. Foote
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Acupuncture of the Shenmen(HT-7) channel has a strong inhibitory effect on ethanol(ETOH)-induced dopamine (DA) release and prevents the reduction of dopamine (DA) by chronic ETOH (Zhaoetal.,2006). GABA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulate DA neuron activity and release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). They also express mu-opioid receptors (Fig.1) and their firing rate is inhibited by ETOH andopioids (Fig.2).
A Case For Christian Communalism: Overcoming Individualism And Racial Segregation In An Ubuntu-Infused South African Catholic Parish, Jordan R. Layton, Jeremy Grimshaw
A Case For Christian Communalism: Overcoming Individualism And Racial Segregation In An Ubuntu-Infused South African Catholic Parish, Jordan R. Layton, Jeremy Grimshaw
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Geographic, linguistic, and economic divisions between ethnic groups linger from Apartheid; but recent concerns also include divisions within ethnic groups due to Western-influenced individualism and a decline in communal values known as ubuntu. Ubuntu is a spiritual concept; thus, Christianity seems to be the ideal context for its reinforcement. But most theorists would argue that the physical and figurative walls being constructed between and within ethnic groups could not be overcome through Christianity, which is itself considered to be individualistic “self-serving redemptionism”—the theoretical opposite of ubuntu. However,one East London Catholic parish creates an anomalous interracial community by promoting communal ubuntu …
Born To Achieve: Educational Attainment Among Hispanics, Emily Yager, Logan Theodore, Maren Christiansen, Bree Hernandez
Born To Achieve: Educational Attainment Among Hispanics, Emily Yager, Logan Theodore, Maren Christiansen, Bree Hernandez
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
We predict that U.S.-born Hispanics will have higher educational achievement than foreign-born Hispanic immigrants in the United States.
A Comparative Study Of The Murray/Taylorsville And Salt Lake City Greenway Systems, Nicholas G. Baker, Evan Pressley, David Munson, Mark Christensen
A Comparative Study Of The Murray/Taylorsville And Salt Lake City Greenway Systems, Nicholas G. Baker, Evan Pressley, David Munson, Mark Christensen
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Greenways are an important part of an urban system. They are linear strips of vegetated area that extend through or around cities. Greenways have various environ-mental, social, and economic benefits that contribute to healthy communities. Characteristics of greenway systems can be quantified and measured, allowing comparison between study areas. Our study uses landscape metrics to compare the total area, total edge, number of patches, and connectivity of the Salt Lake City and Murray, Utah greenway systems.
Aspiring Higher: The Role Of Objective Manager-Employee Work Values Fit In Employee Brand Movement Intentions, Brian P. Reschke, Joseph Olsen, John B. Bingham
Aspiring Higher: The Role Of Objective Manager-Employee Work Values Fit In Employee Brand Movement Intentions, Brian P. Reschke, Joseph Olsen, John B. Bingham
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Multinational corporations attend to the unique challenge of managing employee mobility across various brands. While high tenure and high organizational commitment have been shown to increase retention attitudes, the organizational behavior literature has been notably silent regarding the factors contributing to employees’ aspirations to work in ‘bigger and better’ brands. Brand movement intentions of employees of a large, international professional services corporation were studied. Findings support the introduction of an objective measure of manager-employee work value fit and suggest employee brand movement is propelled in part by need for prestige.
Who Do You Belong To?: Understanding A Monument Through Local Conceptions Of Belonging, Sadie J. Lee, John Hawkins
Who Do You Belong To?: Understanding A Monument Through Local Conceptions Of Belonging, Sadie J. Lee, John Hawkins
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
When major logging operations closed in the Kaibab National Forest in northern Arizona after pressure from environmental groups, many area residents lost their jobs. Plans for a coal mine on the Kaiparowits Plateau in southern Utah revived hopes for reliable employment, but establishing the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) in 1996 by former US President Bill Clinton effectively shut down possibility of exploitative operations on the majority of the plateau. This caused widespread disapproval among conservative local government and populations. This controversial issue has been described extensively in relation to legal disputes over its formation and use. However, no research …
Brigham Young University Student Perception Of Medical Practitioners Based On Gender, Curtis Pearson, Ryan Jury, Charity Kemp, Benjamin De Jesus
Brigham Young University Student Perception Of Medical Practitioners Based On Gender, Curtis Pearson, Ryan Jury, Charity Kemp, Benjamin De Jesus
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Gender bias is a problem within the medical field, even to the extent of affecting patients care. At the U of U Medical School in 2001 BYU graduates were involved in gender bias. The female medical students complained of sexist remarks towards their role as a Doctor. Studies have shown repeatedly that patients prefer a certain type of gender when choosing a physician (Adams 2003). Physician gender attributes also contribute to the type of care that patients perceive they will get (Marshall 2007). Also, the patients perceptions of the physician's ability determine whether they follow the physicians counsel or not(Bonds …
Do The Insured Make Greater Use Of Medical Services?, Gregg Girvan, Sven Wilson
Do The Insured Make Greater Use Of Medical Services?, Gregg Girvan, Sven Wilson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Conventional wisdom states if policy-makers set the goal of increasing the number of patients with health insurance, visits to the emergency room (ER) will decrease while visits to a usual source of care (USC), such as a general practitioner, will increase. In examining year 2007 of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, this study seeks to test this hypothesis by answering two questions: 1. Whether having insurance affects ER and USC utilization, and 2. Whether greater USC utilization affects ER utilization. The analysis accounts for endogeneity issues with insurance and USC utilization. In order to account for the discrete, non negative …
Child Marriage: Can Access To Media Discourage The Practice In South Asia?, Angela O'Neill, Sven Wilson
Child Marriage: Can Access To Media Discourage The Practice In South Asia?, Angela O'Neill, Sven Wilson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
In this paper, we explore a possible role for the media to facilitate social change through international and domestic politics even when political will may be lacking. Using data from national health surveys in two South Asian countries, we find that frequent reading of the newspaper is associated with higher ages at marriage among women in all of the countries surveyed. Further research is necessary to determine the types of programs and degree of openness for the other forms of media in each of the countries.
Daily Health Experiences Of Vietnam Veterans, Rachel Vanwickle, Jeremy Yorgason
Daily Health Experiences Of Vietnam Veterans, Rachel Vanwickle, Jeremy Yorgason
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Research about war veterans has shown that they suffer from more physical and mental health problems than the general United States population (Singh et al, 2005). Even more health problems have been reported by veterans living in rural areas, as opposed to urban populations (Weeks et al., 2004; Weeks, Wallace, Wang, Lee, & Kazis, 2006). As the Vietnam veteran population is aging, and soon entering later life, researchers are examining the daily health need of these veterans. The current study will be looking at health in Vietnam era veterans and their civilian counterparts. Variables that will be examined in relation …
Differential Effects Of The Discrete Options Multiple Choice Test Format On Test Takers Assesment And Scores, Ryan Funk, Tamarin Hooper, Emily Hadlock, Jelyn Whicker
Differential Effects Of The Discrete Options Multiple Choice Test Format On Test Takers Assesment And Scores, Ryan Funk, Tamarin Hooper, Emily Hadlock, Jelyn Whicker
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Multiple-choice tests have not sufficiently evolved to counter test-wise individuals. By offering the discrete-option multiple-choice format (DOMC) as an alternative to the traditional format, educators can counter “extra-test” competency. That is, the DOMC format may be fairer. The new format may encourage more thorough study of assigned material. The DOMC format only displays one answer option on the screen at a time. In this case, “29” was the first randomly selected option. Test taker identifies option as correct or incorrect. Not all options appear.
Consistency Of Temperament Of In Group-Housed Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macacamulatta) During The First Months Of Life, Joshua W. Kirton, Daniel Blocker, Kfir Orgad, James D. Higley
Consistency Of Temperament Of In Group-Housed Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macacamulatta) During The First Months Of Life, Joshua W. Kirton, Daniel Blocker, Kfir Orgad, James D. Higley
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
While a wide number of studies have assessed temperament as a predictor of future personality or behavior, few studies have assessed its interindividual stability over the first few months of life in nonhuman primates. This laboratory study examined temperament in group-housed infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) assessing interindividual consistency from the second through fifth months of life using objective behavioral measures. Stability of temperament was measured by correlating (Pearson Product-Moment tests) individual differences in the frequency of 25 behaviors over months 2-5 of life in 88 mother-reared subjects. Two 5-minute sessions were recorded for subjects each week and the mean …
Child Agreeableness As A Buffer Against Depression, Megan Sheldon, Curtis Pollard, Jonathan Kersh, Natalie Gariby
Child Agreeableness As A Buffer Against Depression, Megan Sheldon, Curtis Pollard, Jonathan Kersh, Natalie Gariby
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
There is a clear correlation between the quality of family life and adolescent depression; the more conflict within a home, the more likely adolescents are to become depressed (Sheeber, Hops, Alpert, Davis, & Andrews, 1997). Another factor that is positively correlated with increased levels of adolescent depression is parental depression. Specifically, continuous maternal depressive behavior wears on an adolescent’s psychological well-being and leads to reaction of depression or a behavior disorder (Tully, Iacono & McGue, 2008). Adams, Abela, Aerbach, and Skitch (2009) found that negative personality traits were correlated to a distinct vulnerability to depression for adolescents. Because of this …
Distancing And Hostility As Mediators Of Parental Depression And Child Depression, Ashley Kerns, Curtis Pearson, Jessica Hawkins, William Dickerson
Distancing And Hostility As Mediators Of Parental Depression And Child Depression, Ashley Kerns, Curtis Pearson, Jessica Hawkins, William Dickerson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Purpose: To identify parenting behaviors through which parental depression affects children’s depression Background: Parental depression increases the risk for depression in children (Turner, 2008; Goodman & Gotlib, 2002). Depressed parents are likely to use coercion (Bor & Sanders, 2004)& have decreased social involvement (Dix & Meunier, 2009). When depressed, men are more likely to exhibit irritability and women are more likely to withdraw. Such parental behaviors increase children’s risk (Elgar et.al, 2007) Hypotheses: 1) Mother’s distancing behavior during an observational task will mediate the relationship between mother’s depression and child’s depression 2) Father’s hostile behavior during an observational task will …
Classical Music And Its Effects On Verbal And Nonverbal Memory Performance, Clarence Holbrook, Emily Hadlock, Jentri Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler
Classical Music And Its Effects On Verbal And Nonverbal Memory Performance, Clarence Holbrook, Emily Hadlock, Jentri Rasmussen, Erin D. Bigler
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
The purpose of this study was to test the effect that music has on memory. To date there have been several studies done that fail to agree on the question of whether music affects memory. The fairly well-known phenomenon called the Mozart effect found that spatial-temporal memory increased due to exposure to classical music. This research is intended to determine whether the Mozart effect in fact increases verbal and nonverbal memory, employing the Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT).
Conflicting Influences: A Study Of Emerging Adults And Their Mothers’ Marriage Attitudes., Adam E. Rogers, Justin Hendricks, Larry Nelson
Conflicting Influences: A Study Of Emerging Adults And Their Mothers’ Marriage Attitudes., Adam E. Rogers, Justin Hendricks, Larry Nelson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Emerging adulthood is a period of change and discovery in which young people are able to explore themselves and their world. In particular, Arnett (2000) has suggested that emerging adulthood is a period of identity exploration. Thus, young people, between the ages of 18-25 are at a critical stage of personal development. Recent research suggests that parents and religion are among the factors that contribute to their development (Willoughby et al., in press; Roestet al. 2009; Ebstyne, 2003).
Demand For Terrorism: What Factors Make A Country More Vulnerable To Attack?, Timothy P. Jensen, Sven Wilson
Demand For Terrorism: What Factors Make A Country More Vulnerable To Attack?, Timothy P. Jensen, Sven Wilson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Factors used to explain terrorism range from economic inequality (Bailey, 2002) to religious fundamentalism and prejudice (Anderson & Taylor 2001). Taylor (1998) found that “Neither social background, educational opportunity or attainment seem to be particularly associated with terrorism.” In an econometric analysis of terrorism, Krueger and Maleckova (2003) found no causal relationship between poverty in individuals and their likelihood of becoming terrorists. They examined the supply of terrorism by looking at biographical information of individual terrorists, particularly in Palestine. They found that most terrorists had more education than other members of their home country and were in occupations of high …
Development Of Byu's Teaching Museum: A History Of The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Carlee Reed, Paul Stavast
Development Of Byu's Teaching Museum: A History Of The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Carlee Reed, Paul Stavast
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
The Museum of Peoples and Cultures (MPC) has been a part of BYU since 1966. The MPC’s mission is to “inspire students to life-long learning and service and [mentors] them in collections-focused activities.”As the MPC has developed, it has influenced many students as they gain experience for later careers, in addition to educating them on different cultures. As of 2008, there was not a thorough recording of the progression and development of the museum. Over the past five years, the archives have been organized and made easily accessible. In addition to the archives, I researched into the history of the …
Does Democracy In The Home Create Democracy In The Nation?, Aimee Farnsworth, Valerie Hudson
Does Democracy In The Home Create Democracy In The Nation?, Aimee Farnsworth, Valerie Hudson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
While the rise of liberal democracy has usually been linked to the growth of capitalism and the rise of the bourgeoisie, a fairly new theory claims that democracy in the state began with democracy in the home (Hajnal1982; Hartman 2004). That is, as the relationship between husband and wife became more equal, a mini-democracy was created in the home which promoted liberal democracy on a larger scale, first in the community, and then the nation. Those promoting democracy might therefore find it beneficial to first, or at least concurrently, promote equality between husband and wife. Increased equality between spouses will …
Eeg Responses Of 5-Month-Old Infants To Static And Dynamic Face-Voice Synchrony, Blake L. Jones, Sarah A. Ahlander, Joan M. Leishman, M. Mangum
Eeg Responses Of 5-Month-Old Infants To Static And Dynamic Face-Voice Synchrony, Blake L. Jones, Sarah A. Ahlander, Joan M. Leishman, M. Mangum
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
IntroPrevious behavioral research with faces and voices demonstrates that at an early age infants notice, and prefer, synchrony between faces and voices 1, 2. However, little is known about how infants’ process information regarding face-voice synchronies neurophysiologically. Therefore, Study 1 examined infants’ electrophysiological responses during brief presentation of synchronous, as well as asynchronous, face/voice stimuli.
Drama, Drama, Drama, Trace W. Lund, Mckenzie Gibson, Megan Pixton, Brandon Chandler
Drama, Drama, Drama, Trace W. Lund, Mckenzie Gibson, Megan Pixton, Brandon Chandler
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
Gender roles are set early in life (Condry & Ross, 1985). Boys are often encouraged in their rough-and-tumble play while girls are discouraged from it (Condry, 1985). Girls are treated as more fragile and are encouraged to act ladylike, including not inflicting physical harm upon others. Much of how we act in society, including aggression, is based on these social norms. The media is full of physically aggressive acts. School shootings, war, terrorism, assaults; the list goes on and on. Who do we imagine performing these tasks? Men or women? Research has shown it to be men (Zeichner, Parrott, & …
Effects Of Mood On Error Processing, Alexander Gray, Michael J. Larson
Effects Of Mood On Error Processing, Alexander Gray, Michael J. Larson
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
In mood-induced states, anxious participants were most attentive, happy and calm participants were intermediately attentive, and sad participants least attentive. This study investigates if participants in mood-induced states will demonstrate ERN amplitudes that correspond to the outcomes demonstrated in the above study in which greater attentiveness should correspond to larger ERN amplitudes and visa versa.
Does Gender And Marital Status Affect Student Anxiety In School?, Christian Briggs, Zachary Elison, Monica Gonzalez, Scott C. Steffensen
Does Gender And Marital Status Affect Student Anxiety In School?, Christian Briggs, Zachary Elison, Monica Gonzalez, Scott C. Steffensen
FHSS Mentored Research Conference
School related anxiety and stress is a common psychiatric issue for college students. In recent years, heart rate variability (HRV) has been utilized as a noninvasive and informative way to evaluate autonomic activity by recording electrocardiogram or pulse waves.In past studies, decreased autonomic responsiveness in correlation with task performance has served as a sign of psychological dysfunction (Shinba, 2008). Gender studies have indicated that women are substantially more likely to develop stress disorders and exhibit higher levels of anxiety in clinical testing (McLean, 2009; MacSwain, 2009). Despite these various studies in gender, little research has been done to indicate differences …