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Articles 1 - 30 of 36
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Increasing Political Activism And Mobilization: Building An Oromo Agency And Capacity For Liberation, Asafa Jalata
Increasing Political Activism And Mobilization: Building An Oromo Agency And Capacity For Liberation, Asafa Jalata
Asafa Jalata
Without increasing our political activism, mobilizing and organizing our people, we cannot effectively challenge and defeat our external and internal enemies that are attempting to strangulate the development of Oromummaa and the progress of the Oromo national struggle. Our external enemies have been using Oromo clienteles to achieve their political and economic objectives in Oromia. Some Oromos have been used as raw materials in building other nations. Such Oromos have lacked political and national consciousness or lacked self-respect and attacked the Oromo nation for money and other interests. As the Said Bare government created and used the Somali Abo group …
Faces Of Terrorism In The Age Of Globalization: Terrorism From Above And Below, Asafa Jalata
Faces Of Terrorism In The Age Of Globalization: Terrorism From Above And Below, Asafa Jalata
Asafa Jalata
This paper explains how the intensification of globalization as the modern world system with its ideological intensity of racism and religious extremism and its concomitant advancement in technology and organizational skills has increased the danger of all forms of terrorism. In this world system, the contestation over economic resources and power and the resistance to domination and repression or religious and ideological extremism have increased the occurrence of terrorism from above (i.e. state actors) and from below (i.e. non-state actors). We cannot adequately grasp the essence and characteristics of modern terrorism without understanding the larger cultural, social, economic, and political …
The Un-Exceptionalism Of U.S. Exceptionalism, Sabrina Safrin
The Un-Exceptionalism Of U.S. Exceptionalism, Sabrina Safrin
Sabrina Safrin
This Article challenges the prevailing view that the United States acts exceptionally by examining the insufficiently considered legal exceptionalism of other countries. It puts U.S. Exceptionalism in perspective by identifying European exceptionalism as well as noting developing country exceptionalism, pointing to the exceptional rules sought by the European Union and by developing countries in numerous international agreements and institutions. It argues that most nations seek different international rules for themselves, or double-standards, when they perceive themselves to have an exceptional need. Indeed, in cases of exceptional need, numerous countries believe themselves entitled to exceptional legal accommodation and may even perceive …
Las Razones De Presencia Y Éxito De Los Partidos Étnicos En América Latina. Los Casos De Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua Y Perú (1990-2005)., Salvador Marti I Puig
Las Razones De Presencia Y Éxito De Los Partidos Étnicos En América Latina. Los Casos De Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua Y Perú (1990-2005)., Salvador Marti I Puig
Salvador Marti i Puig
El texto explora si existe alguna causalidad entre la presencia y relevancia de los partidos étnicos (PE) en seis países latinoameri- canos y las “condiciones favorables” que indican diversas perspectivas de la literatura sobre acción colectiva. Para ello se realiza un análisis cuali- tativo multicausal orientado a los casos y a las variables que usa la lógica booleana para sim- plificar estructuras de datos complejos de forma sistemática. Con ello se trata de identificar la variedad de pautas causales de la presencia y éxito de los PÉ en Bolivia, Ecuador y Nicaragua, y no en Guatemala, México y Perú.
From 'Parliamentarized' To 'Pure' Presidentialism: Bolivia After October 2003, Miguel Centellas
From 'Parliamentarized' To 'Pure' Presidentialism: Bolivia After October 2003, Miguel Centellas
Miguel Centellas
Among the many shifts in Bolivian politics since October 2003 is a subtle, yet significant change in the country's presidential system. Bolivia has recently transitioned from "parliamentarized" to a "pure" presidentism. In the previous system (1985-2002), Bolivian presidents were chosen by the legislature and led multiparty coalition governments. Since October 2003, Bolivia has instead been governed by two independent chief executives. This paper discusses the shift in presidential behavior by analyzing the similarities between Carlos Mesa and Evo Morales—who also fit the the description of "delegate democrats" or "populists"—and their consequences for democratic stability (the lack of a constitutional "crisis"). …
Africa, Mark J. Calaguas
Africa, Mark J. Calaguas
Mark J Calaguas
The Africa Committee's contribution to the 2007 Year-in-Review issue of the American Bar Association Section of International Law's quarterly journal, The International Lawyer.
Markets And Famine In North Korea, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard, Erik Weeks
Markets And Famine In North Korea, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard, Erik Weeks
Marcus Noland
In the 1990s, as many as a million North Koreans died in one of the worst famines of the 20th century. Unlike the dramatic recent natural disasters in Burma and China, North Korea’s current food crisis, a product of self-destructive policies, bad weather, and global food price increases, has metastasized largely beyond public view, abetted by Pyongyang’s penchant for secrecy. Permanent resolution of North Korea’s chronic food problems requires revitalization of its industrial economy. Genuine opening would enable the country to earn foreign exchange and import bulk grain on a commercially sustainable basis, just as South Korea, China, and Japan …
Bolivia's Party System After October 2003: Where Did All The Politicians Go?, Miguel Centellas
Bolivia's Party System After October 2003: Where Did All The Politicians Go?, Miguel Centellas
Miguel Centellas
Bolivia’s political system has recently undergone a dramatic transformation after nearly two decades dominated by three “systemic” parties (MNR, ADN, MIR). Despite resisting challenges from “outsiders” (whether populists, leftists, or indigenous movements) for nearly two decades, the party system was quickly swept away after the “gas war” of October 2003. In its place, the new political landscape appears polarized into two distinct camps: Evo Morales’s MAS and an opposition led by PODEMOS. This paper offers a preliminary exploratory look at Bolivia’s most recent political transformation, looking particularly at the migration patterns of Bolivian career politicians between the 2002 and 2005 …
Kosova: Eski Dost, Yeni Devlet (Kosovo: Old Friend, New State), Cuneyt M. Yenigun
Kosova: Eski Dost, Yeni Devlet (Kosovo: Old Friend, New State), Cuneyt M. Yenigun
Cuneyt M. Yenigun
This study discusses Kosovo's unilateral independence proclamation and its positive effects to the Balkan Area.
Struggling For Social Justice In The Capitalist World System: The Cases Of African Americans, Oromos, And Southern And Western Sudanese, Asafa Jalata
Asafa Jalata
This article identifies and examines the processes through which the social justice movements of African Americans in the US, Oromos in Ethiopia, and Southern and Western Sudanese in Sudan emerged, and the successes and failures of these movements in a global and comparative perspective. It specifically explores four interrelated issues. First, the paper deals with some theoretical and methodological insights. Second, the piece explains how the racialized capitalist world system and its political structures facilitated the creation of the states of the US, Ethiopia, and Sudan and legalized racial/ethnonational oppression, colonialism, exploitation, and continued subjugation. Third, it explains comparatively the …
North Korea On The Precipice Of Famine, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard, Erik Weeks
North Korea On The Precipice Of Famine, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard, Erik Weeks
Marcus Noland
North Korea is once again headed toward widespread food shortages, hunger, and famine. As of this writing, the prospect of hunger-related deaths occurring in the next several months is approaching certainty. The expectation is based on four pieces of evidence, which we outline in the policy brief: - Food balances are as precarious as at any time since the great famine. - Access to aid or commercial import is limited by diplomatic tensions and the word food crisis. - Domestic food prices show the kind of extreme price inflation that is typical of pre-famine or famine settings. - The domestic …
Ripe For Cooperation Or Rivalry? Commerce, Realpolitik, And War Memory In Contemporary Sino-Japanese Relations, Yinan He
Yinan He
Sino-Japanese political relations, fraught with disputes and tension during the Koizumi years, only began to recover after Abe came to power. This article investigates the driving forces shaping recent and future bilateral relations. Using evidence from the Koizumi era, I argue that 1) bilateral commercial links prove a weak stabilizing factor for political relations; 2) the current distribution of power between China and Japan does not dictate their strategic rivalry, but they may still treat each other as rivals if they perceive the danger of longterm power transition and mutual hostile intent; 3) the frequent flare-up of bilateral history disputes …
Los Ajiacos Colombianos, Shawn Van Ausdal, Juliana Duque
Los Ajiacos Colombianos, Shawn Van Ausdal, Juliana Duque
Shawn Van Ausdal
No abstract provided.
Democratisation, Identity Transformation And Rising Ethnic Conflicts In Kogi State, Nigeria, Shola J. Omotola
Democratisation, Identity Transformation And Rising Ethnic Conflicts In Kogi State, Nigeria, Shola J. Omotola
Shola J. Omotola Mr
This article explores the linkages between democratization, identity transformation, and rising ethnic conflicts in Kogi State, Nigeria. It argues that the changing character of identity politics in the state, partly a reflection of the contradictory character of the state such that it empowers some people and disempowers others, has been boosted by the democratization process. Ethnic identities have thus become an instrument for the construction and deconstruction of trust in the struggle for power among the competing ethnicities, which the democratization process typifies. The result has been rising ethnic conflicts across the state that do not bode well for sustainable …
A Security And Peace Mechanism For Northeast Asia: The Economic Dimension, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard
A Security And Peace Mechanism For Northeast Asia: The Economic Dimension, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard
Marcus Noland
In this brief, we explore the economic dimension of multilateral security cooperation in Northeast Asia. We begin with a discussion of the purported security benefits of economic egnagement with North Korea. We then outline recent economic developments in North Korea, which provide a crucial background to any discussion of the issue. We raise some cautionary questions about the scope for multilateral economic cooperation in Northeast Asia before outlining how economic cooperation can complement long-run security and economic objectives on the peninsula, including economic reform in North Korea.
South Africa And The Arab World: Facing Common Challenges, Marcus Noland, Howard Pack
South Africa And The Arab World: Facing Common Challenges, Marcus Noland, Howard Pack
Marcus Noland
Today the Arab countries of the Middle East face a challenge familiar to all South Africans: to create jobs for the large cohort of young people reaching working age. Over the next decade or so, the region may experience population growth of 150 million people—the equivalent of adding two Egypts (table 1). In demographic terms, the task is similar to that facing South Africa—only larger. Rising labor force participation by women only increases the pressure. The task is immense, and the stakes are high.
North Korea In 2007, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard
North Korea In 2007, Marcus Noland, Stephan Haggard
Marcus Noland
The year 2007 witnessed a gradual rapprochement between North Korea and the world, reflecting changes both in the country's external environment and domestic political economy. Key markers were the resumption of the Six-Party Talks and the second North-South summit. Whether these developments will endure depends largely on North Korean intentions.
The Israeli National Information Center And Collective Memory Of The Israeli-Arab Conflict, Rafi Nets-Zehngut
The Israeli National Information Center And Collective Memory Of The Israeli-Arab Conflict, Rafi Nets-Zehngut
Rafi Nets-Zehngut
From the 1960s to 2003 the Israeli Information Center, the main Israeli institution for disseminating information to the Israeli public, put out publications which dealt with the Palestinian refugees of 1948 and the infiltrators of 1949-1956 and disseminated them to the Israeli public. Using content analysis of these publications (made up of books and booklets) and interviews with the Center’s and Agency’s directors from 1961 to 2003, this article explores for the first time the way this Center operated, the way those publications described those two issues over the years, and the processes and reasons that generated this description. By …
Ni Calamidad Ni Panacea: Una Reflexión En Torno A La Historiografía De La Ganadería Colombiana, Shawn Van Ausdal
Ni Calamidad Ni Panacea: Una Reflexión En Torno A La Historiografía De La Ganadería Colombiana, Shawn Van Ausdal
Shawn Van Ausdal
No abstract provided.
Un Mosaico Cambiante: Notas Sobre Una Geografía Histórica De La Ganadería En Colombia, 1850-1950, Shawn Van Ausdal
Un Mosaico Cambiante: Notas Sobre Una Geografía Histórica De La Ganadería En Colombia, 1850-1950, Shawn Van Ausdal
Shawn Van Ausdal
No abstract provided.
Four-Thousand-Year-Old Gold Artifacts From The Lake Titicaca Basin, Southern Peru, Mark Aldenderfer, Nathan M. Craig, Robert J. Speakman, Rachel Popelka-Filcoff
Four-Thousand-Year-Old Gold Artifacts From The Lake Titicaca Basin, Southern Peru, Mark Aldenderfer, Nathan M. Craig, Robert J. Speakman, Rachel Popelka-Filcoff
Nathan M Craig
Artifacts of cold-hammered native gold have been discovered in a secure and undisturbed Terminal Archaic burial context at Jiskairumoko, a multicomponent Late Archaic–Early Formative period site in the southwestern Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. The burial dates to 3776 to 3690 carbon-14 years before the present (2155 to 1936 calendar years B.C.), making this the earliest worked gold recovered to date not only from the Andes, but from the Americas as well. This discovery lends support to the hypothesis that the earliest metalworking in the Andes was experimentation with native gold. The presence of gold in a society of low-level food …
From Importer To Exporter: The Changing Role Of Nigeria In Promoting Democratic Values In Africa, Shola J. Omotola
From Importer To Exporter: The Changing Role Of Nigeria In Promoting Democratic Values In Africa, Shola J. Omotola
Shola J. Omotola Mr
No abstract provided.
Against The Cultural Gap Thesis In Africa’S Democratisation, Shola J. Omotola
Against The Cultural Gap Thesis In Africa’S Democratisation, Shola J. Omotola
Shola J. Omotola Mr
The article challenges the cultural gap thesis in Africa’s democratization. The thesis argues that democratization in Africa falters because there is a cultural gap in the democratic framework, such as the absence of democrats, i.e., culture, and the subsequent perversion of the democratization process. The argument holds only if there is one single democracy, and therefore, only one acceptable political culture, which is seldom the case. The problem of democracy in Africa is not due to a unique flaw in the African way of life that forecloses the feasibility of sustainable democracy in the continent. It must be that the …
Chinese Identity In Post-Suharto Indonesia: Culture, Politics And Media, Chang Yau Hoon
Chinese Identity In Post-Suharto Indonesia: Culture, Politics And Media, Chang Yau Hoon
Chang Yau HOON
No abstract provided.
Instant Messaging Shiva, Flying Taxis, Bil Klinton And More: Children’S Narratives From Rural India, Payal Arora
Instant Messaging Shiva, Flying Taxis, Bil Klinton And More: Children’S Narratives From Rural India, Payal Arora
Payal Arora
In this article, story (re)productions by children in rural India are seen as a potential tool for addressing current `participatory' issues facing development practitioners. A project was implemented to involve children from a rural village in South India in e-literary storybook productions. The intention was to foster online representations of the rural voice through the lens of the child. Drawing on the material of children's stories, multiple subjectivities are revealed that compel us to reconsider relations of the 'rural' with technology and current social contexts. An analysis of these narratives highlights children's appropriation capabilities as they weave the 'urbanness' and …
Patriotismo Constitucional Y Procesos De Integración, Pablo Contreras
Patriotismo Constitucional Y Procesos De Integración, Pablo Contreras
Pablo Contreras
El rol y centralidad del Estado Nación están en cuestión, a lo cual colaboran los procesos de integración regional. En este marco se postula la necesidad de revisar la identidad política nacional y pensar en esquemas postnacionales, buscando los ejes de aglutinación social en bases y principios que escapen a los caracteres típicos del concepto de nación. Clave en este proceso es el empleo del concepto de patriotismo constitucional. A partir del cual el autor plantea tres interrogantes: comprensión del concepto de patriotismo constitucional, su operatividad, y los aportes y desafíos que éste plantea al proceso de integración regional latinoamericano.
El Regreso De Ortega: ¿Policy Change O Simple Circulación De Élites?, Salvador Marti I Puig
El Regreso De Ortega: ¿Policy Change O Simple Circulación De Élites?, Salvador Marti I Puig
Salvador Marti i Puig
El año 2007 en Nicaragua estuvo marcado por la llegada de Daniel Ortega a la Presidencia de la República y por las primeras medidas de su nueva administración. Centrándose en dicho acontecimiento el texto que se presenta razona, en primer lugar, por qué el FSLN llegó nuevamente al poder. Posteriormente analiza la composición y naturaleza del nuevo gobierno, así como las primeras medidas implementadas. A continuación presenta la dinámica de coaliciones y pactos que se sucedieron en la Asamblea Nacional, donde el FSLN es la minoría mayor; y señala el debate de reforma constitucional en curso. Finalmente el artículo concluye …
What Are The Differences Between The Left And Right In Central America Today? A Debate About The Attitudes Of Political Elites And The Nature Of Democracy In Nicaragua, El Salvador And Guatemala., Salvador Marti I Puig, Salvador Santiuste Cué
What Are The Differences Between The Left And Right In Central America Today? A Debate About The Attitudes Of Political Elites And The Nature Of Democracy In Nicaragua, El Salvador And Guatemala., Salvador Marti I Puig, Salvador Santiuste Cué
Salvador Marti i Puig
This paper analyzes the opinions and attitudes of the main parliamentary groups in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala on two crucial subjects: democracy and its institutions; and, the relationship between the market and the State. With regard to democracy and its institutions, the paper explores the current perceptions/opinions of political elites on the left and the right with regard to these issues, in countries that recently achived democracy after suffering bloody civil wars. Secondly, the paper outlines the agreements, disagreements, as well as the changes that have taken place within these political factions which, up to today, continue to claim …
Arab Economies At A Tipping Point, Marcus Noland, Howard Pack
Arab Economies At A Tipping Point, Marcus Noland, Howard Pack
Marcus Noland
The Arab world is experiencing an economic boom of historic proportions. The tiny Persian Gulf emirate of Dubai is emblematic. Boasting the world's only seven-star hotel, its massive land reclamation project, allegedly the only man-made structure visible from the moon, is whimsically creating parcels shaped like continents and palm trees. With oil hovering above $90 a barrel and the Egyptian stock market up 1,800 percent in the last five years, one might ask what problems World Bank President Robert Zoellick perceives that would justify making the economic revitalization of the Arab world one of the cornerstones of his new administration.1 …
The East Asian Industrial Policy Experience: Implications For The Middle East, Marcus Noland, Howard Pack
The East Asian Industrial Policy Experience: Implications For The Middle East, Marcus Noland, Howard Pack
Marcus Noland
Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are regarded as primary examples of countries that have derived great benefits from increasing integration with the international economy, without surrendering national autonomy in the economic or cultural spheres, by pursuing decidedly nonneutral policies with respect to the promotion of specific sectors and activities. This working paper addresses a series of questions in an attempt to assess the relevance of their experiences for the contemporary Middle East: Was industrial policy a major source of growth in these three economies? Can these outcomes be duplicated in the Middle East today, or do special circumstances or changes …