Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Oxytocin Increases Generosity In Humans, Paul J. Zak, Angela Stanton, Sheila Ahmadi

Business Faculty Articles and Research

Human beings routinely help strangers at costs to themselves. Sometimes the help offered is generous-offering more than the other expects. The proximate mechanisms supporting generosity are not well-understood, but several lines of research suggest a role for empathy. In this study, participants were infused with 40 IU oxytocin (OT) or placebo and engaged in a blinded, one-shot decision on how to split a sum of money with a stranger that could be rejected. Those on OT were 80% more generous than those given a placebo. OT had no effect on a unilateral monetary transfer task dissociating generosity from altruism. OT …

The Sociality Of Cultural Industries: Hong Kong's Cultural Policy And Film Industry, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In this article, I explore the sociality of cultural industries by analyzing the film industry in Hong Kong. In particular, the social networks and relationships at multiple scales – across national boundaries, within local settings and on production sets – are examined, revealing their critical role in contributing to the health of the film industry. The risks faced at various steps of the production, marketing and distribution process are ameliorated by trust relations, built up through time between social actors in spontaneous ways. While Hong Kong cultural policy in part seeks to create the social and spatial contexts within which …

Customer Characteristics’ Influence On Online Trust In Developing Countries: An Examination Of Confidence Level, Mira Kartiwi

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The advent of E-commerce opens an opportunity for fostering an environment that promotes the globalisation of markets throughout the world, especially those in developing countries like Indonesia. The importance of trust as a key facilitator of E-commerce is increasingly being recognized in academic and practitioner communities. However, empirical research in this area has been overwhelmed by contradictory conceptions of the trust construct, while inadequate attention has been paid to the influence of trust constructs on E-commerce development in different cultural environments and settings. Within these constructs, a number of consumer characteristics – such as gender and age – potentially might …

Dynamics Of Trust In Guanxi Networks, Roy Y. J. Chua, Michael W. Morris

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Interpersonal trust is an important element of Chinese guanxi network. In this chapter, we examine Chinese guanxi network from a trust perspective. We adopt the distinction that trust could be built on either a socio-emotional basis (affect-based trust) or an instrumental basis (cognition-based trust) and use this lens to examine cultural differences in Chinese and Western social networks. Specifically, we will discuss (a) how the two dimensions of trust are related in the Chinese versus American context, and (b) how affect-based trust is associated with different forms of social exchange in Chinese versus American social networks. Because dyadic relationships are …

Performance Still Matters: Explaining Trust In Government In The Dominican Republic, Rosario Espinal, Jonathan Hartlyn, Jana Morgan

Political Science Publications and Other Works

What explains low levels of trust in government institutions in democratizing Latin American countries? We examine this question in the Dominican Republic, employing data from three surveys conducted over 1994-2001. Our analysis finds that trust in government institutions is shaped primarily by perceptions of economic and political performance by government. There is little evidence of a relationship between civic engagement and institutional trust, and no relationship between democratic values and institutional trust. We find a curvilinear effect between socioeconomic status and institutional trust, with middle-sector groups significantly less trusting of government institutions than either the poor or the wealthy. Age …

Public Response To Park And Recreation Funding And Cost-Saving Strategies: The Role Of Organizational Trust And Committment, William T. Borrie, Andrew J. Mowen, Gerard T. Kyle, Alan R. Graefe

Society and Conservation Faculty Publications

Historically, public park and recreation services have been funded through general funds and appropriations, with minimal amounts derived from non-tax revenue sources. The fiscal conservative movement, however, has spawned an expansion of nontax revenues and cost saving strategies. Th is study examines the level of citizen support for a variety of funding and cost-saving strategies for park and recreation agencies in a metropolitan region, and the factors related to citizens’ opinions about such strategies. Data were collected through a mail survey of adult residents of the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania region. A total of 578 questionnaires were completed. Results showed that funding …

Why Developing Trusting As Well As Trust Is A Leadership Priority, Deborah A. Blackman, Terence J. Froggatt

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The paper considers the relationship between leadership, trust and trusting. The examples given look at their role in developing and supporting the learning processes needed for knowledge development. Two qualitative research projects are analysed considering how leadership, trust, learning and knowledge are affecting each other. The importance of trust was clarified but, more importantly, the notion of trusting as a differentiated set of behaviours was identified. The paper concludes that developing trust is not enough, leaders need to ensure that the theories-in-use and the espoused theories of trust are in line and that, in order to engender trust, leaders must …

Macroeconomic Risk Factors In Australian Commercial Real Estate, Listed Property Trust And Property Sector Stock Returns, Tracey West, Andrew C. Worthington

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper employs a Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Mean (GARCH-M) model to consider the effect of macroeconomic factors on Australian property returns over the period 1985 to 2002. Three direct (office, retail and industrial property) and two indirect (listed property trust and property stock) returns are included in the analysis, along with market returns, short, medium and long-term interest rates, expected and unexpected inflation, construction activity and industrial employment and production. In general, the macroeconomic factors examined are found to be significant risk factors in Australian commercial property returns. However, the results also indicate that forecast accuracy in these …

Trust And Deception In Multi-Agent Trading Systems: A Logical Viewpoint, G. Finnie, Zhaohao Sun, J. Barker

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Trust and deception have been of concern to researchers since the earliest research into multi-agent trading systems (MATS). In an open trading environment, trust can be established by external mechanisms e.g. using secret keys or digital signatures or by internal mechanisms e.g. learning and reasoning from experience. However, in a MATS, where distrust exists among the agents, and deception might be used between agents, how to recognize and remove fraud and deception in MATS becomes a significant issue in order to maintain a trustworthy MATS environment. This paper will propose an architecture for a multi-agent trading system (MATS) and explore …

Slides: Long Term Management Of Community Forests: Some Eomf Partner Perspectives, Brian Barkley

Community-Owned Forests: Possibilities, Experiences, and Lessons Learned (June 16-19)

Presenter: Brian Barkley, Ontario Model Forest, Canada

18 slides

The Influence Of Infrastructural Trust On Electronic Commerce Development In Indonesia, Mira Kartiwi, Robert C. Macgregor

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The advent of E-commerce opens an opportunity for fostering an environment that promotes the globa/isation of markets throughout the world, especially those in developing countries /ike Indonesia. The importance of trust as a key facilitator of E-commerce is increasingly being recognized in academic and practitioner communities. However, empirical research in this area has been overwhelmed by contradictory conceptions of the trust construct, while inadequate attention is paid to the influence of trust constructs on E-commerce development in different cultural environments and settings. It is, therefore, the aim of this paper to address the gap by providing an exploratory study on …

Developing A Climate Of Trust During New Product Development: A Conceptual Framework, Janette K. Rowland

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

A gap exists in our understanding of the role that “trust” plays within organisations that produce new products. Recent organisational research suggests that trust may play a more significant role in modern organisational structures than previously thought. Trust encourages efficient information sharing, limits defensive behaviours, encourages citizenship behaviours, leads to co-operation and teamwork, and encourages collaboration. The NPD literature has traditionally focused on “integration methods” which promote information sharing and interaction among participants with trust often being viewed as a “by product” of these approaches. A conceptual framework is proposed, with several research propositions, which highlights the importance of understanding …

The Effects Of Organisational Structure, Interpersonal Trust And Communication During New Product Development Projects, Elias Kyriazis, Graham R. Massey

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This study examines the antecedents of effective working relationships between Marketing and R&D managers during NPD projects. Adopting both a structural and individual-level perspective, we examine the impact on relationship effectiveness of formalisation, centralisation, communication frequency and bidirectionality, and interpersonal trust between Marketing Managers and R&D Managers during NPD product development projects. Our hypothesised model is tested using a sample of 184 product development projects conducted in Australia, and our findings reveal two dimensions of interpersonal trust (cognition- and affect-based trust) are potent factors driving effectiveness during product development projects. We also reveal differential effects of the two communication behaviours, …

The Effects Of Structure, Communication And Trust Between Marketing And R&D During New Product Development, Elias Kyriazis, Graham Massey

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The ability to effectively manage cross-functional working relationships (CFRs) during innovation is a key success factor in developing successful new products. However, empirical evidence suggests that CFRs during new product development are often problematic, resulting in extremely poor relations between managers, and the development of unsuccessful new products. This paper adds to our existing knowledge on the Marketing/R&D CFR by examining the effects of structural factors, communication behaviours, and interpersonal trust on the dependent variable perceived relationship effectiveness. Our findings reveal that trust has potent positive, direct effects on this CFR. Further, bidirectional communication and quality of communication also have …

Wild Justice And Fair Play: Cooperation, Forgiveness, And Morality In Animals, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

In this paper I argue that we can learn much about ‘wild justice’ and the evolutionary origins of social morality – behaving fairly – by studying social play behavior in group-living animals, and that interdisciplinary cooperation will help immensely. In our efforts to learn more about the evolution of morality we need to broaden our comparative research to include animals other than non-human primates. If one is a good Darwinian, it is premature to claim that only humans can be empathic and moral beings. By asking the question ‘What is it like to be another animal?’ we can discover rules …

The Role Of Trust In The Marketing And R&D Interface During The Npd Process: A General Framework, Elias Kyriazis, Janette K. Rowland

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

A gap exists in our understanding of the role that "trust" plays within organisations that produce new products. Recent organisational research suggests that trust plays a more significant role in modern organisational structures than previously thought. Trust encourages efficient information sharing, it limits defensive behaviours, encourages citizenship behaviours, it leads to co-operation and teamwork, and encourages collaboration. The NPD literature has traditionally focused on "integration methods" which promote information sharing and interaction amongst participants. Trust has been viewed as a "by product" of these approaches. A framework is proposed which highlights the important role that management play in creating an …

The Effects Of Perceived Identity And Justice Experiences With An Adr Institution On Managers’ Decisions, Shu-Cheng Chi, Hwa-Hwa Tsai, Ming-Hong Tsai

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This study samples 78 business decision‐makers whose cases were part of an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process, i.e., the Public Construction Commission (PCC), which operates under the government in Taiwan, between 1997 and early 2000. The authors propose an interaction between two variations of trust—category‐based trust and experience‐based trust—and hypothesize that decision‐makers’ perceived identity with new versus old government ideology and past justice experiences (with the PCC) would jointly affect their decision preferences. The results partially support these hypotheses. The authors emphasize the critic role of trustworthiness of the third‐party ADR providers. We conclude with a discussion of the implications …

The Role Of Interpersonal Communication In The Development Of Client Trust And Closeness In A Sme Professional Services Context, Les Kirchmajer, Paul Patterson

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This study develops and tests a model of effective interpersonal communication as an antecedent to client trust and closeness amongst small to medium enterprise (SJ\1E) professional services providerspersonal fmancial planners. A new multidimensional scale for interpersonal communications is developed and tested, resulting in the identification of three dimensions : Communications clarity (5 items),Social communications (4 items), and Information provision (7 items). Client trust is investigated also as a multidimensional construct with credibility trust and benevolence trust being the two dimensions used. Closeness is investigated as a unidimensional construct. The results suggest that there is a positive relationship between communications clarity …

Trust In Leadership: Meta-Analytic Findings And Implications For Research And Practice, Kurt T. Dirks, Donald L. Ferrin

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In this study, the authors examined the findings and implications of the research on trust in leadership that has been conducted during the past 4 decades. First, the study provides estimates of the primary relationships between trust in leadership and key outcomes, antecedents, and correlates (k = 106). Second, the study explores how specifying the construct with alternative leadership referents (direct leaders vs. organizational leadership) and definitions (types of trust) results in systematically different relationships between trust in leadership and outcomes and antecedents. Direct leaders (e.g., supervisors) appear to be a particularly important referent of trust. Last, a theoretical framework …

Trust, Choice And Online Shopping, Lawrence Ang, Chris Dubelaar, Boon-Chye Lee

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Trust is a major issue in Internet transactions. This paper presents a model of trust on the Internet that focuses on three dimensions of trust. It investigates the perceived value a consumer places on these dimensions when set in the context of different product categories, price discounts, and delivery time. It is argued that the more willing an Internet merchant is to heed these three dimension of trusts, the greater the probability of transaction on the Internet.

Money And The Monetization Of Credit, Martin Shubik

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The relationship between money and credit is discussed in terms of network linkage. Fiat money is the only instrument with the universal recognition of its issuer. Near monies such as bank money and money substitutes such as gasoline credit cards can be classified in terms of their network links. This leads to a way of considering the velocity of money.

Beyond Trust: Other Dimensions Of Social Capital, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Many people in the mountain state are unaware that it was a West Virginian, Lyda Judson Hanifan, Superintendent of Rural Schools in the state department of education who introduced the concept of social capital to the world in 1916. Many of those discussing the concept of social capital today focus exclusively on the role of trust. A second important second dimension is networking, and an important third dimension can be called social skill repertories. This latter dimension can be illustrated with reference to the distinctive West Virginia activity of rafting and river craft. It is also evident that many people …

The Trusted General Manager And Unit Performance: Empirical Evidence Of A Competitive Advantage, James H. Davis, F. David Schoorman, Roger C. Mayer, Hwee Hoon Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Employee trust for the general manager is proposed as an internal organizational characteristic that provides a competitive advantage for the firm. This paper empirically examines the relationship between trust for a business unit's general manager and organizational performance. Trust was found to be significantly related to sales, profits and employee turnover in the restaurant industry. Managers who were either more or less trusted differed significantly in perceptions of their ability, benevolence and integrity.

Strategic Flexibility In Information Technology Alliances: The Influence Of Transaction Cost Economics And Social Exchange Theory, Candace Ybarra, Margarethe Wiersema

Business Faculty Articles and Research

Utilizing a model drawn from both transaction cost economics and social exchange theory, we analyze determinants of strategic flexibility in a sample of strategic alliances involved in joint development agreements or joint research pacts. Findings indicate that, in general, determinants suggested by transaction cost economics provided flexibility in modification and inflexibility in exit. From social exchange theory, trust was found to be positively related to both types of flexibility while another component of social exchange theory, dependence, was found to be negatively related to the strategic flexibility of the alliance. Results also found that factors suggested by both transaction cost …

Will Tribes Ever Be Able To "Trust" Their Federal Trustee?, David E. Wilkins

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

It is widely reported that the federal government has a trust relationship with the Indian peoples of this land, one of the many distinctive features of the indigenous/federal relationship. Despite the importance of this concept, legal and political commentators and, surprisingly, federal policy makers have radically conflicting definitions of what the trust relationship actually means.

Reflections From The Seventh American Forest Congress: Some Thoughts For National Forest Management, William R. Bentley

The National Forest Management Act in a Changing Society, 1976-1996: How Well Has It Worked in the Past 20 Years?: Will It Work in the 21st Century? (September 16-18)

21 pages.

Contains endnotes and references.

Watershed Based Efforts: The Applegate Partnership Of Southwest Oregon, Jack Shipley

Challenging Federal Ownership and Management: Public Lands and Public Benefits (October 11-13)

15 pages.

Vertrauen Und Chinesisches Wirtschaftshandeln In Singapur: Zur Kulturellen Und Sozialstrukturellen Bedingtheit Von Vertrauensbildung Und Kooperation In Chinesischen Geschäftsbeziehungen, Thomas Menkhoff

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Based on in-depth interviews with Chinese merchant exporters in Singapore, the article explores why personal forms of trust (the Chinese translation is xinyong) are key elements in the complex web of business and associated social relationships.

Xinyong Or How To Trust Trust? Chinese Non-Contractual Business Relations And Social Structure :The Singapore Case, Thomas Menkhoff

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

One key for an understanding of Chinese economic behaviour in Singapore, Hong Kong or Malaysia is tmst - a term which has not been thoroughly dealt with in contemporary studies. With reference to the Chinese business community in Chinese-dominated Singapore and sociological concepts of trust, the article aims at analyzing the different levels of meaning of the trust mechanism (Chinese: xinyong) which is seen as essential lubricant in Chinese personalistic and non-contractual business relations. But trust in itself is no guarantee of cooperative behaviour. To enable interpersonal trust as precommitment and basis of local or international trading networks and commercial …

Lands Available For Mineral Leasing, John R. Little, Jr.

Public Lands Mineral Leasing: Issues and Directions (Summer Conference, June 10-11)

14 pages.

Contains references.