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Articles 1201 - 1230 of 1238
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Home As A Place Of Exhibition And Performance: Mayan Household Transformations In Guatemala, Walter E. Little
Home As A Place Of Exhibition And Performance: Mayan Household Transformations In Guatemala, Walter E. Little
Anthropology Faculty Scholarship
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the town of San Antonio Aguas Calientes, Guatemala, has been incorporated into transnational movements of people, commodities, and ideas through tourism, development, and religious evangelism. The Kaqchikel Mayas living there have long looked outward from their community as they embraced, ignored, or criticized these global flows. Contemporary Kaqchikel Mayas have incorporated these global flows into the organization and maintenance of their households, while giving them a local interpretation. Some families have made their homes a place to enact their culture through exhibitions and performances for tourists. Such performances are indicative of the strategies …
First Year Versus Second Year Retention Of College Students: A Case Study, Heather M. O'Neill
First Year Versus Second Year Retention Of College Students: A Case Study, Heather M. O'Neill
Business and Economics Faculty Publications
Students and their families expend much time, effort and money researching which colleges or universities will best suit the students' needs. Simultaneously, institutions desire to find the cohort of students who will succeed at their schools. Recently, faced with more stringent economic constraints, schools are not only seeking students likely to succeed, but are more aware of the financial burden placed on schools if attrition is high. Since the cost of recruiting a class has risen over the years, the cost of losing students has increased. As a result, institutions are more interested in engaging in student retention studies to …
Sex & Surveillance: Gender, Privacy & The Sexualization Of Power In Prison, Teresa A. Miller
Sex & Surveillance: Gender, Privacy & The Sexualization Of Power In Prison, Teresa A. Miller
Journal Articles
In prison, surveillance is power and power is sexualized. Sex and surveillance, therefore, are profoundly linked. Whereas numerous penal scholars from Bentham to Foucault have theorized the force inherent in the visual monitoring of prisoners, the sexualization of power and the relationship between sex and surveillance is more academically obscure. This article criticizes the failure of federal courts to consider the strong and complex relationship between sex and surveillance in analyzing the constitutionality of prison searches, specifically, cross-gender searches.
The analysis proceeds in four parts. Part One introduces the issues posed by sex and surveillance. Part Two describes the sexually …
Socialization To Gender Roles And Marriage Among Egyptian Adolescents, Barbara Mensch, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Susan M. Lee, Omaima El-Gibaly
Socialization To Gender Roles And Marriage Among Egyptian Adolescents, Barbara Mensch, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Susan M. Lee, Omaima El-Gibaly
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Using nationally representative survey data, this paper explores gender role socialization and attitudes toward marriage among unmarried Egyptian adolescents aged 16-19 years. We examine the daily activities of adolescent boys and girls, views about age at marriage and desirable qualities in a spouse, and various indicators of gender role attitudes including opinions about whether wives should defer to husbands, about sharing household decisionmaking, and about responsibility for domestic tasks. Our findings reflect strong gender differentiation: girls have much less free time than boys, are much less mobile, are much less likely to participate in paid work, and have heavier domestic …
Childhood Aggression And Gender: A New Look At An Old Problem, Nicki R. Crick, Nicole E. Werner, Juan F. Casas, Kathryn M. O'Brien, David A. Nelson, Jennifer K. Grotpeter, Kristian Markon
Childhood Aggression And Gender: A New Look At An Old Problem, Nicki R. Crick, Nicole E. Werner, Juan F. Casas, Kathryn M. O'Brien, David A. Nelson, Jennifer K. Grotpeter, Kristian Markon
Faculty Publications
Because of its deleterious effects on individuals and society, and the important role that it has been given in several theories of human behavior (e.g., psychoanalytic theory, social learning theory; Freud, 1930; Bandura & Walters, 1959; Bandura, 1986), aggression has been one of the most widely researched topics in the past several decades. Although many important advances have been made in our understanding of aggressive behavior, most of this knowledge has been gained through the study of aggressive males only (Crick & Dodge, 1994; Parke, 1992; Robins, 1986) and through the study of forms of aggression that are more characteristic …
A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray
A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray
Economics
Gendered social norms and institutions are important determinants of agricultural activities in southwestern Burkina Faso. This paper argues that gendered land tenure, in particular, has effects on equity and efficiency. The usual view of women as holders of secondary, or indirect, rights to land must be supplemented by a more nuanced understanding of tenure. Women's rights are in fact considerably more complex than the simple right to fields from their husbands. First, women's rights to property obtained from men may be coupled with other rights and obligations. In many ethnic groups, women have share rights to the harvest of their …
Gay Rights For Gay Whites: Race, Sexual Identity, And Equal Protection Discourse, Darren L. Hutchinson
Gay Rights For Gay Whites: Race, Sexual Identity, And Equal Protection Discourse, Darren L. Hutchinson
Faculty Articles
My argument proceeds in four parts. Part I situates my discussion of the synergistic relationship among race, class, gender, and sexuality within a broader body of research on the "intersectionality'' of systems of oppression and of identity categories. Part I then examines how my scholarship attempts to advance this literature both substantively and conceptually. Part II expounds my claim that the comparative and essentialist treatment of race and sexuality within pro-gay and lesbian theory and politics marginalizes gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered persons of color and constructs and reinforces the notion that the gay and lesbian community is uniformly white …
Stereotyping And Self-Presentation: Effects Of Gender Stereotype Activation, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong, Ivy Ching-Man Lam, Jeanne Ho-Ying Fu, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Venus Sau-Lai Lee
Stereotyping And Self-Presentation: Effects Of Gender Stereotype Activation, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong, Ivy Ching-Man Lam, Jeanne Ho-Ying Fu, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Venus Sau-Lai Lee
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Recent research has shown that the presence of stereotype-relevant environmental cues can inadvertently bias people's judgments of others in the direction of the stereotype. The present research demonstrated analogous activation effects on self-stereotyping. In two experiments, the effects of stereotype activation on the tendencies to stereotype others and to self-stereotype were examined. Experiment 1 tested whether incidental exposure to gender-related materials might activate gender stereotypes and hence affect perception of another person. Experiment 2 investigated gender stereotype activation effects on female and male high school students' self-presentation behaviors. The results showed that incidental exposure to stereotype-relevant environmental cues increased both …
Adult Childrens' Communication And Closeness With Parents, Diana Decuir
Adult Childrens' Communication And Closeness With Parents, Diana Decuir
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This writer reviews some of the most influential factors found in studies of adult childparent relationships, including divorce, surrogate parents, coresidency, caregiving, proximity, family size, and gender. Focusing on the "feminine tilt" in family relationships, research reveals explanations such as caregiving, kinkeeping, and gender identity issues. The author proposes the possibility that the female bias in parent-child relationships has more to do with subjective thought process than biological sex. An analysis was conducted on mailed-in-surveys for 264 Kentucky adults, ages 30 to 49, who completed questions pertaining to their communication and closeness with their parents, and one fourth of the …
Student Participation And Instructor Gender In The Mixed Age College Classroom, Jay R. Howard, Amanda L. Henney
Student Participation And Instructor Gender In The Mixed Age College Classroom, Jay R. Howard, Amanda L. Henney
Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS
This study seeks to fill that void in the literature and contribute to the ongoing debate regarding the impact of student age, student gender, instructor gender, and course level on student participation.
Family Issues Vol 7, No 2 (1998), University Of Maine Cooperative Extension Staff
Family Issues Vol 7, No 2 (1998), University Of Maine Cooperative Extension Staff
Maine Women's Publications - All
No abstract provided.
Paradoxes Of Gendered Political Opportunity In The Venezuelan Transition To Democracy, Elisabeth Jay Friedman
Paradoxes Of Gendered Political Opportunity In The Venezuelan Transition To Democracy, Elisabeth Jay Friedman
Politics
No abstract provided.
"Savannah's Jewish Women And The Shaping Of Ethnic And Gender Identity, 1830-1900", Mark I. Greenberg
"Savannah's Jewish Women And The Shaping Of Ethnic And Gender Identity, 1830-1900", Mark I. Greenberg
Western Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Gender And Task Complexity On Audit Judgment, Janne Chung, Gary S. Monroe
The Effects Of Gender And Task Complexity On Audit Judgment, Janne Chung, Gary S. Monroe
Research outputs pre 2011
This study examines the interaction effect between gender and task complexity on audit judgment based on the selectivity hypothesis. This hypothesis states that males are selective information processors whereas females are detailed information processors. The study extends this hypothesis to an auditing context and hypothesizes that males will outperform females when task complexity is low while females will outperform males when task complexity is high. A two (males and females) by two (task complexity - high and low) full factorial experiment was carried out. The low and high task complexity conditions were created by manipulating the number of cues. The …
Mortgage Lending: Is Gender A Factor?, Cynthia K. Sanders, Edwaard Scalon, Shirley R. Emerson
Mortgage Lending: Is Gender A Factor?, Cynthia K. Sanders, Edwaard Scalon, Shirley R. Emerson
Center for Social Development Research
In promoting well-being for women and female-headed households, social policy analysts are increasingly attending to wealth accumulation rather than focusing solely on income. Homeownership equity is a form of wealth that may be especially helpful for low-income women. This paper analyzes 1992 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data for the city and county of St. Louis. Our primary hypothesis was that women, controlling for marital status, income, and race, would be more likely to be denied home loans. The findings from this data set contradict our hypothesis and suggest that men are slightly more likely than women to be denied mortgage …
Gender Differences In The Schooling Experiences Of Adolescents In Low-Income Countries: The Case Of Kenya, Barbara Mensch, Cynthia B. Lloyd
Gender Differences In The Schooling Experiences Of Adolescents In Low-Income Countries: The Case Of Kenya, Barbara Mensch, Cynthia B. Lloyd
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Little research on education in developing countries has focused on adolescent issues at the same time, despite the fact that a growing proportion of young people are spending some time in school during the phase of their lives between puberty and marriage, there is little research on schooling as a key dimension of the adolescent experience. This paper examines the school environment in Kenya and the potential ways it can help or hinder adolescents. We focus on gender differences with a view toward illuminating some of the factors that may present particular obstacles or opportunities for girls. The paper begins …
A Feminist Theory Of Malebashing, Susan H. Williams, David C. Williams
A Feminist Theory Of Malebashing, Susan H. Williams, David C. Williams
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Women And Leadership Working Paper Series: Paper No. 6: Women In International Assignments: The Australian Experience, Catherine R. Smith, Leonie V. Still
Women And Leadership Working Paper Series: Paper No. 6: Women In International Assignments: The Australian Experience, Catherine R. Smith, Leonie V. Still
Research outputs pre 2011
Businesses are increasingly operating within an international environment, where the human and financial costs of failure are more serious than the domestic arena, and expatriate failure is reported to be a persistent and recurring problem for multinational corporations (Scullion, 1994). The successful implementation of global strategies depends heavily upon the existence of an adequate pool of nationally and internationally experienced managers with a diversity of talent. Adler ( 1993a, p55) has argued that "the option of limiting international management to one gender is an arm-chair 'luxury' that no company can afford". Given the need to develop global teams with a …
"The Bead Of Raw Sweat In A Field Of Dainty Perspirers": Nationalism, Whiteness And The Olympic-Class Ordeal Of Tonya Harding, Elizabeth L. Krause
"The Bead Of Raw Sweat In A Field Of Dainty Perspirers": Nationalism, Whiteness And The Olympic-Class Ordeal Of Tonya Harding, Elizabeth L. Krause
Anthropology Department Faculty Publication Series
This paper examines the interrelations of whiteness, gender, class and nationalism as represented in popular media discourses surrounding the coverage of the assault on Olympic ice skater Nancy Kerrigan and the investigation of her rival, Tonya Harding. As with other recent works that have refocused the issue of "race" on whiteness, this essay seeks to unveil the exclusionary social processes in which boundaries are set and marked within the" difference" of whiteness. The concepts of habitus and historicity are used to understand how Tonya Harding became marked as "white trash," and the implications of her "flawed" qualifications are explored. Furthermore, …
The Effect Of Gender And Age On Ppst Performance In An Urban Teacher Education Program, Judith Harrington
The Effect Of Gender And Age On Ppst Performance In An Urban Teacher Education Program, Judith Harrington
Counseling Faculty Publications
This study examined PPST scores for 318 College of Education students in a midsized, midwestern, urban university. Factors of gender and age were used to compare performance on the three PPST subtests of Reading, Writing and Mathematics. Findings tended to support some gender-stereotypical beliefs with regard to math and verbal abilities. The study's findings did not support the often perceived belief that traditional students outperform nontraditional students. Inferences for urban colleges of Education are discussed.
Training Sociologists: Professional Socialization And The Emergence Of Career Aspirations, Bruce Keith, Helen A. Moore
Training Sociologists: Professional Socialization And The Emergence Of Career Aspirations, Bruce Keith, Helen A. Moore
Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications
The individual and departmental factors affecting graduate students' professional socialization were studied by employing data from 309 PhD students in 16 graduate programs in sociology. Using Rosenbaum's tournament model of opportunity structures and aspects of Tinto's model of social psychological integration, this study examines students' access to initial funding, resources in the department, indicators of prior ability, current professional activities, mentoring processes, and social psychological factors for their effects on socialization into the academic profession. Access to initial funding and to mentoring have substantial effects on PhD students' professional socialization, but prove to be less than rational processes in the …
An Exploration Of Gender Issues And The Role Of The Outsider In Women's Education Programs In Muslim Communities Case Studies In Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Senegal, And Yemen, Jode Lynne Walp
Master's Capstone Projects
No abstract provided.
Correlates And Consequences Of Early Initiation Of Sexual Intercourse, Ann L. Coker, Donna L. Richter, Robert F. Valois, Robert E. Mckeown, Carol Z. Garrison, Murray L. Vincent
Correlates And Consequences Of Early Initiation Of Sexual Intercourse, Ann L. Coker, Donna L. Richter, Robert F. Valois, Robert E. Mckeown, Carol Z. Garrison, Murray L. Vincent
CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles
This cross-sectional analysis of the 1991 CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey explored factors associated with an early age at first sexual intercourse. Almost 18% of White males, 49% of Black males, 5% of White females and 12% of Black females were sexually active before age 13. Carrying a weapon to school, fighting, and early (< age 13) experimentation with cigarettes and alcohol were associated with early initiation of sexual activity for all four race and gender groupings. Those initiating sexual activity early had greater numbers of partners but were 50% less likely to use condoms regularly and were two-seven times more likely to have been pregnant or caused a pregnancy. Females who initiated sexual activity early were more likely to have had a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Interventions to postpone sexual activity need to be tailored to the ethnic and gender differences observed in these analyses. Interventions must begin before age 13 and should be comprehensive school-based efforts.
The Effects Of Gender On Career Decision Problems In Young Adults, Jeffry H. Larson, Mark Butler, Stephan Wilson, Nilufer Medora, Scot Allgood
The Effects Of Gender On Career Decision Problems In Young Adults, Jeffry H. Larson, Mark Butler, Stephan Wilson, Nilufer Medora, Scot Allgood
Faculty Publications
The authors investigated gender differences in psychological problems in the career decision-making (CDM) process of young adults. Specifically, problems with decision anxiety, life-goal awareness, luck-fate orientation, authority orientation, and secondary gain motivation were investigated. Methodology involved administering the Career Decision Diagnostics Assessment (CDDA) instrument to 1,006 college students from four universities. Results indicated no gender differences in global levels of problems in CDM. Women reported more problems with life-goal awareness and authority orientation than did men. Men reported more problems with secondary gain motivations than did women. The results are discussed in terms of implications for gender-differentiated career counseling.
Making Monotheism: Global Islam In Local Practice Among The Laujé Of Indonesia, Jennifer W. Nourse
Making Monotheism: Global Islam In Local Practice Among The Laujé Of Indonesia, Jennifer W. Nourse
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
This paper explores the complex interaction between state-sanctioned Islam and local religious practice in Indonesia's periphery. In 1982 in the "county" of Tinombo, Central Sulawesi, immigrant Reform Muslims convinced the regional government to ban a spirit possession ritual performed by the indigenous Laufe people. Reformists claimed that Laujé spirit mediums were possessed by satanic spirits. Insulted by Reformists' claims that Laujé rites were pagan and they themselves were not Muslims, prominent Laujé went to officials in the government asking to rescind the ban. In their arguments, Laujé borrowed the rhetoric of Reform Islam. The ban was rescinded in 1984. Once …
Family, Gender, And Population Policy: Views From The Middle East, Jodi Jacobson
Family, Gender, And Population Policy: Views From The Middle East, Jodi Jacobson
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This paper explores the relevance of international debates to the realities of the Middle East, an important but understudied region that has often been subject to stereotyping. The region’s wealth of traditions and diverse contemporary experience offer insights to those who venture beyond the surface appearance. This paper provides a broad introduction to the connections between family, gender, and population policy in the Middle East. It is based on studies by a diverse group of Middle East scholars and the discussions they generated in Cairo at an international symposium sponsored by the Population Council in February 1994. The paper was …
(Review) Stewart Justman, The Autonomous Male Of Adam Smith, Spencer J. Pack
(Review) Stewart Justman, The Autonomous Male Of Adam Smith, Spencer J. Pack
Economics Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Gender Inequalities And Demographic Behavior: Ghana/Kenya, Anastasia J. Gage, Wamucii Njogu
Gender Inequalities And Demographic Behavior: Ghana/Kenya, Anastasia J. Gage, Wamucii Njogu
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Ghana and Kenya were the first countries in sub-Saharan Africa whose governments recognized the potentially detrimental effects of rapid population growth on economic development and, as a result, adopted and implemented national population policies. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice that was prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct …
Family, Gender, And Population Policy: Views From The Middle East [Arabic], Jodi Jacobson, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer
Family, Gender, And Population Policy: Views From The Middle East [Arabic], Jodi Jacobson, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This paper explores the relevance of international debates to the realities of the Middle East, an important but understudied region that has often been subject to stereotyping. The region’s wealth of traditions and diverse contemporary experience offer insights to those who venture beyond the surface appearance. This paper provides a broad introduction to the connections between family, gender, and population policy in the Middle East. It is based on studies by a diverse group of Middle East scholars and the discussions they generated in Cairo at an international symposium sponsored by the Population Council in February 1994. The paper was …
Gender Inequalities And Demographic Behavior: India, Sonalde Desai
Gender Inequalities And Demographic Behavior: India, Sonalde Desai
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
As India prepares for the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), it is clear that the country’s population policy faces a number of serious challenges. Although India was the first country to announce an official family planning program in 1952, its population has grown from 361 million in 1951 to 844 million in 1991. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 ICPD. These reports provide critical reviews …