Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Who Suffers More From Crime?, Mohammad Amin

Mohammad Amin

Existing studies aimed at identifying individuals or economic agents that suffer more from crime than others are based on the incidence of crime or the proportion of agents within a group that experience one or more incident of crime during a given period of time. This paper shows that studies based solely on the incidence of crime may provide a misleading picture as to who suffers more from crime. In a sample of about 6,000 manufacturing firms in 14 Latin American countries, we find that large firms are more likely to experience an incident of crime than the small firms …

Crime And Security In Eastern Europe And Central Asia: Firm Level Analysis (A Short Note), Mohammad Amin

Mohammad Amin

About 20 percent of the firms in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region are victims of crime during a year. While losses to firms due to crime incidents average 0.48 percent of a firm’s annual sales, expenses by firms on security average 1.42 percent of their annual sales. These two costs equaling 1.9 percent of annual sales of a firm are about 8 times what firms spend on R&D and 1.8 times the reported amount paid in bribery. Surprisingly, rich countries do not score over poor ones on crime related problems. Last, while large firms are more likely to …

The Relocation Of Crime, Catherine C. De Fontenay

Catherine de Fontenay

We add a new sector called Crime to a traditional two-sector two-input Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade between countries. Trade is found to increase crime in the resource-rich country and to reduce crime in the resource-poor country by an equal amount. The negative externality from increased crime can be strong enough to cancel out the gains from trade for the resource-rich country. The paper also explores the impact of aid, capital flows, and migration on crime rates, and how crime shapes the degree of specialization in each economy.

On The Boundaries Of Culture As An Affirmative Defense, Reid Griffith Fontaine, Eliot M. Held

Reid G. Fontaine

A “cultural defense” to criminal culpability cannot achieve true pluralism without collapsing into a totally subjective, personal standard. Applying an objective cultural standard does not rescue a defendant from the external imposition of values—the purported aim of the cultural defense—because a cultural standard is, at its core, an external standard imposed onto an individual. The pluralist argument for a cultural defense also fails on its own terms—after all, justice systems are themselves cultural institutions. Furthermore, a defendant’s background is already accounted for at sentencing. The closest thing to a cultural defense that a court could adopt without damaging the culpability …

Hamas Controlled Televised News Media: Counter- Peace, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

The hegemonic force of Hamas censored televised news media in Gaza, can not be fully comprehended and appreciated without recognizing the role of propaganda, censorship, and the historical context of the middle east. These 3 interrelated dimensions will be analyzed using functionalism, the mass society theory, the dominant ideology framework, the critical criminology framework, and the symbolic interactionist framework. Through censorship, Hamas news media outlets were able to unilaterally inject culturally relevant propaganda, into the minds of children and citizens. The hypodermic syringe model can be applied to the state controlled news media situation in Gaza, as the people of …

Book Review Of: Crime In An Insecure World: By Richard Ericson, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

Crime in an Insecure World written by Richard Ericson, depicts western society as a neo-liberal state, that has an impulsive tendency to criminalizes all sources of harm through precautionary logic, risk assessment, surveillance measures, and counter law I and II, due to the dominant culture of impulsive criminalization that produces uncertainty. Counter Law, precautionary logical, risk assessment, and uncertainty are the 4 major concepts discussed by Ericson, and these concepts will be analyzed and interpreted during this book review.

Crime And Precaution, Allen Gnanam

Allen Gnanam

Precautionary logic and risk assessments can be associated with counter terrorism, criminal profiling, and the management of high risk individuals/ groups. Overall, risk precautionary logic and risk assessments can be framed using the Ban-opticon concept identified by Bigo, though panopitic elements do exist when discussing concepts of surveillance. The Ban opticon framework has 3 major concepts: (a) Criminal profiling, (b) the management of movement and (c) exceptionalism.

Both precautionary logic and risk assessments are associated with the profiling of harms and threats, the management of individual or group movement, and both are used to provide qualitative and quantitative rationale for …