Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

R&D Policy In The United States: The Promotion Of Nanotechnology, Philip Shapira, Jue Wang

Philip Shapira

This case study reviews the evolution of nanotechnology policies and programmes in the United States with a particular focus on three thematic areas: governance, interactions among R&D policies, and interaction between R&D policy and non-R&D policies. Federal R&D policy in nanotechnology has moved through several stages, including initial exploration before the 1980s, the promotion of scientific and technological breakthroughs in the 1980s, policy development in the 1990s and multiagency national initiatives in the 2000s. Since 2001, the major federal R&D policy mechanism in nanotechnology in the US has been the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). NNI promotes policy deliberation and, most …

Fringe Candidates Can Change Perceptions Of Centrist Candidates, Renan Levine

Renan Levine

Two experiments demonstrate that adding an extreme third candidate to the choice set causes perceptions of the nearest candidate to appear more centrist. This change in perceptions is large enough to cause this candidate to appear closer to many voters. causal mechanism driving the shift in perceptions is attributed to information about the range of possible values provided by the extreme candidate. This is consistent with “range effects” identified by Parducci (1965) and used to explain behavior in a wide variety of other contexts. In politics, range effects may help a major party candidate win the median voter when an …

La Tragedia De Los Comunes En La Competencia Vertical Entre Jurisdicciones, Martin Enrique Krause

Martin Krause

Los beneficios de la competencia institucional se alcanzan bajo ciertas normas que impiden la violación de derechos y la depredación de los recursos. La competencia horizontal puede tomar la forma de agresión violenta entre jurisdicciones (guerra) o la de cooperación y comercio. Su impacto puede ser “negativo” si substrae recursos de gobiernos benevolentes comprometidos con el bienestar general de la comunidad, pero “positivos” si se los considera como otra forma de controlar el Leviatán. La competencia vertical muestra los mismos controles “positivos” potenciales y la misma necesidad de ciertas reglas para cumplir ese papel. Son similares a la definición estricta …

El Desafío Político De Gobernar La Ciudad, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Las ciudades latinoamericanas están cambiando. De la «ciudad frontera», con una lógica de urbanización basada en la expansión de las periferias y la metropolización industrial, se ha pasado a una «ciudad en red», resultado de la globalización, la reforma del Estado y los cambios demográficos. En este nuevo contexto, se perciben en la región dos modelos políticos de gobierno de la ciudad: el de la ciudad empresarial privada, que recurre al mercado para inyectarle eficiencia a la gestión urbana, y el de la ciudad inclusiva, basada en una revalorización del espacio público y la promoción de derechos. La exitosa experiencia …

Widespread Economic Doubts, Julio J. Prado

Julio J Prado

Many people think –perhaps with just reason- that the economy is a boring theoretical science, and that it does not have its feet upon the ground. In order to try to change that perception, we are going to propound for ourselves some day to day questions, to which we can provide an answer (to the extent possible) with a bit of economic “logic”.

Dudas Económicas Existenciales, Julio J. Prado

Julio J Prado

Muchas personas creen -con justa razón quizás- que la economía es una ciencia aburrida, teórica y que no tiene los pies en la tierra. Para tratar de cambiar esa percepción, vamos a plantearnos algunas preguntas del día a día, a las que daremos respuesta (en la medida de lo posible) con algo de “lógica” económica.

Perceptions Of Value And Value Beyond Perceptions: Measuring The Quality And Value Of Journal Article Readings, Carol Tenopir, Donald W. King

Carol Tenopir

When measuring quality and value of journals, what is being measured, to whom does the value accrue, and why the measurement is being done must be considered. Both implicit and explicit measures of quality and value are possible. Preliminary results of ongoing readership research show that academic library e-journal collections have both purchase and use value to academic faculty. They spend their time reading, read many articles each year, and reading benefits their work in many ways.

The Impact Of Scholarly Communication On Lis Education, Carol Tenopir

Carol Tenopir

No abstract provided.

Cultural Discourse Analysis: Communication Practices And Intercultural Encounters, Donal Carbaugh

Donal Carbaugh

The field of intercultural communication has been criticized for failing to produce studies which focus on actual practices of communication, especially of intercultural encounters. Of particular interest have been cultural analyses of social interactions, as well as analyses of the intercultural dynamics that are involved in those interactions. This article addresses these concerns by presenting a framework for the cultural analysis of discourse that has been presented and used in previous literature(e.g., Carbaugh, 1988a, 1990, 2005; Carbaugh, Gibson, and Milburn, 1997). Indebted to the ethnography of communication (Hymes, 1972), and interpretive anthropology (Geertz, 1973), this particular analytic procedure is one …

Feast And Famine: A Statewide Science Serial Collection Assessment In Illinois, Karen Schmidt, Tina E. Chrzastowski, Naun Chew Chiat, Michael Norman

Karen Schmidt

In 2004, a group of Illinois librarians was awarded a research grant to assess the state of Illinois’ science serial collection. This collection assessment focused on academic libraries in the state, specifically those participating in the Consortium of Academic Research Libraries in Illinois (CARLI), but also including another 10 academic libraries in the state that do not belong to the consortium. Current serial subscription data were collected through both automated and manual means and the analysis was conducted in conjunction with Ulrich’s Serials Analysis System. Due to cataloging limitations and issues surrounding different ISSNs for print and electronic formats, the …

The Personal Information Trainer, Stuart Basefsky

Stuart Basefsky

The Personal Information Trainer (PIT) can become a unique employee benefit written into the employment contract of key individuals (very few) deemed to be essential to the success of a firm or institution. This is a no-extra-cost (non-compensatory) benefit that can help improve recruitment and retention of top talent and enhance the library’s value proposition. This concept is useful to human resource managers, libraries, and the institutions they serve. This article provides the fundamental concepts and constructs necessary to implement such a program with an emphasis on why and how this should be done.

Co-Management In Healthcare: Negotiating Professional Boundaries, Catherine Schryer, Olga Gladkova, Marlee Spafford, Lorelei Lingard

Lorelei Lingard

This article investigates discursive practices associated with the co-management of patients between healthcare providers. Specifically, we focus on two genres (38 referral letters and 37 consultant reports) written by optometrists and ophthalmologists — two groups who are experiencing interprofessional tension over their scopes of practice. In our analysis we foreground four kinds of modality associated with verbs — epistemic, deontic, phatic and subjective. We found that these healthcare providers shared in the epistemic resources used to hedge their sense of clinical certainty, and that ophthalmologists used deontic resources to control future action. However, we also noted that both professions used …

Career Paths For Family Science Degree Holders: The World Is Full Of Options!, L. Dinella, Tiffani Kisler, A. White, A. Guimmond, S. Thayer

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Boosting Morale And Improving Performance In The Nursing Setting, Peta Stapleton, Amanda Henderson, Debra Creedy, Marie Cooke, Elizabeth Patterson, Heather Alexander, Alison Haywood, Megan Dalton

Peta B. Stapleton

Aim and background: While the importance of morale is well researched in the nursing literature, strategies and interventions are not so prolific. The complexities of interpersonal relationships within the clinical domain, and the critical issues faced by nurses on a daily basis, indicate that morale, job satisfaction and motivation are essential components in improving workplace efficiency, output and communication amongst staff. Drawing on educational, organizational and psychological literature, this paper argues that the ability to inspire morale in staff is a fundamental indicator of sound leadership and managerial characteristics.

Evaluation and key issues: Four practical concepts that could be implemented …

Review Of Jillian Schwedler’S 'Faith In Moderation', Anthony Chase

Anthony Chase

No abstract provided.

Negotiating The Politics Of Identity In An Interdisciplinary Research Team, Lorelei Lingard, Catherine Schryer, Marlee Spafford, Sandra Campbell

Lorelei Lingard

This article explores the politics of identity in an interdisciplinary health research team that has been engaged in a qualitative research program for over five years. We draw on sociological theories of power and knowledge to explore our experiences of identity conflict, team socialization, and knowledge production. Structurally, our article integrates individual and group perspectives through personal narratives and collaborative critique as we explore the complex negotiations required to realize and maintain our team dynamic. These negotiations take place not only with one another as particularly positioned individuals, but also with the ideological and organizational forces that structure our scholarly …

Print And Online Resources For Factual Investigation In Connection With Real-Estate Transactions, Ruth Stevens

Ruth Stevens

No abstract provided.

An International Perspective: Community Policing In The United Kingdom, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

No abstract provided.

Trauma Professionals’ Attitudes Towards And Utilization Of Evidence-Based Practice, Larry Schmidt

Larry O Schmidt

No abstract provided.

Colombian State Human Rights Policies, Winifred Tate

Winifred L. Tate

No abstract provided.

Best Free Reference Web Sites Ninth Annual List, Rosemary Meszaros, James Langan, Margaret Perkins, Charles Cobine, Christopher Dunham, Caroline Geck

Charles Cobine

No abstract provided.

Using Software To Track Client Ratings Of Mft Trainee Effectiveness, Tiffani Kisler, Jacqueline Sparks, Jerome Adams

Tiffani S. Kisler

No abstract provided.

Fanning The Flames: Religious Media Consumption And American Politics, Brian Newman, Mark Smith

Brian Newman

Both religion and mass media are politically important in the United States. However, little is known about the political role of religious media. Religious media might be politically influential because they help translate religion into political thinking and because their consumers are likely to internalize the political cues these media provide. We find that almost a quarter of the public claims to have relied on religious media when making voting decisions in 2000. Religious media users felt significantly closer to George W. Bush and Pat Buchanan and farther away from Al Gore and were more likely to vote for Bush …

El Yo Político. Concepciones Del Yo, La Política Y La Autonomía En La Teoría Política Contemporánea, Emma Norman

Emma R. Norman

LA AUTORA EXPLORA CÓMO LOS CONCEPTOS DEL "YO" Y LA "POLÍTICA" HAN SIDO CONCEPTUALIZADOS EN DISTINTAS ÁREAS DE LA FILOSOFIA POLÍTICA CONTEMPORÁNEA. SU ARGUMENTO CENTRAL ES QUE AMBOS CONCEPTOS ESTÁN INELUDIBLEMENTE CONECTADOS Y QUE TAL INTERCONEXIÓN NO HA SIDO PLENAMENTE RECONOCIDA EN LOS DEBATES LIBERAL COMUNITARISTA, POSTESTRUCTURALISTA Y DE DEMOCRACIA DELIBERATIVA. LA AUTORA DEFIENDE UNA CONCEPCIÓN POSLIBERAL DEL YO QUE RECONOCE UNA CONEXIÓN CERCANA Y QUE ES ENSANCHADA, CON "LO POLÍTICO". BASÁNDOSE EN LA CRÍTICA DE LA POLÍTICA LIBERAL DE CARL SCHMITT Y EN LAS PERSPECTIVAS SINGULARES DE HAMRNH ARENDT, NORMAN DESARROLLA UNA VISIÓN POSARENDTIANA MODERADAMENTE AGONÍSTICA. ESTA VISIÓN DE …

Know Your Students, Ann Marshall, Vicki Burns, Judi Briden

Ann Marshall

Faculty Self-Archiving: The Gap Between Opportunity And Practice, Denise Troll Covey

Denise Troll Covey

No abstract provided.

The Unequal Representation Of Latinos And Whites, Brian Newman, John D. Griffin

Brian Newman

We compare the ideological proximity of Latinos and whites to their Members of Congress (MCs), demonstrating the degree to which Latinos are underrepresented compared to whites. We show how this representation gap varies with group differences in electoral turnout and income, district ethnic composition, and MCs' ethnicity and party affiliation. We find that Latinos' unequal representation is not simply a function of the group's numerical minority status. Concentrating Latinos in congressional districts does not necessarily translate into more equal representation. However, several factors can enhance the equality of Latinos' representation-participation in elections and representation by both Latinos and Democrats.

Librarians Attitudes Toward Conferences: A Study, Robert D. Vega, Ruth S. Connell

Ruth S. Connell

The authors surveyed librarians to determine the reasons why they do or do not attend conferences, as well as what their attitudes were toward the various conference offerings such as roundtables, poster presentations, and the like. Librarians were queried to gather a variety of demographic and professional data. The resulting data were analyzed to find significant relationships between respondents’ demographic information and their attitudes toward specific conference offerings. The two most cited reasons given for going to conferences were professional rejuvenation and networking, both benefits not directly related to conference content. In addition to quantitative results, respondents replied to open-ended …

Faculty Self-Archiving: The Gap Between Opportunity And Practice, Denise Troll Covey

Denise Troll Covey

No abstract provided.

How The Next Us President Should Slow Global Warming, Elizabeth L. Aldrich

Elizabeth Lokey Aldrich

This paper addresses the energy technologies and policies that the next US president should immediately implement to slow global warming. Increased reliance on renewable energy through deployment of a National Renewable Portfolio Standard will help meet increased electrical demand in a sustainable way. Carbon regulation through an internationally fungible cap and trade system will help make renewables more cost competitive with conventional energy. Mandating National Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standards will also help decrease electrical demand and reduce the need for large investments in new generation. Within the transportation sector, plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles should be rapidly deployed to shift …