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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
An Economic Advocacy Approach To Empower Rural Victims Of Gender-Based Violence: A Review Of The Literature, Loganne Ditter, Ziwei Qi
An Economic Advocacy Approach To Empower Rural Victims Of Gender-Based Violence: A Review Of The Literature, Loganne Ditter, Ziwei Qi
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Gender-based violence (GBV) has devastating effects on survivors’ mental, emotional, psychological, physical, and financial well-being. In rural communities, cultural stigma, isolation, lack of services, economic deprivation, and poverty can create additional barriers for survivors to seek help and leave their abusive relationships. Economic advocacy is a survivor-centered approach that addresses poverty and economic insecurity in ending GBV and empowers individuals and communities with the necessary resources and skills. In this review article, the researchers aim to identify survivors’ unique challenges in rural communities, especially in economic hardship and financially dire situations. While the empirical research examined in this review has …
Vignettes Expose Undergraduates’ Perceptions Of Consent And Sexual Assault: Implications For Sexual Assault Education, April N. Terry, Mackenzie Orchard Esq., Vivian Aranda-Hughes
Vignettes Expose Undergraduates’ Perceptions Of Consent And Sexual Assault: Implications For Sexual Assault Education, April N. Terry, Mackenzie Orchard Esq., Vivian Aranda-Hughes
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Under Title IX and the 2011 Dear Colleague Letter, universities were reminded of their obligation to educate, prevent, and respond to sexual assaults and other forms of gender-based violence. The current study used a survey packet including a Rape Myth Acceptance scale, questions about related education, and a scale rating participants’ level of confidence on seven vignettes. The sample indicated participants were more likely to recognize whether consent was given than they were to recognize whether the vignette met legal standards for sexual assault. The results can provide universities with information to better individualize their sexual assault prevention efforts.
Mental Health Stigma And Social-Cognitive Factors Influence Behavioral Intentions To Seek Psychological Help, Bobbie Juaneza, Whitney Whitaker
Mental Health Stigma And Social-Cognitive Factors Influence Behavioral Intentions To Seek Psychological Help, Bobbie Juaneza, Whitney Whitaker
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Recent estimates suggest that one in five adults in the United States of America experience mental health issues each year; this is estimated to be approximately 51.5 million adults. Despite many individuals who might suffer from mental health issues, and perhaps be diagnosed with a mental health disorder, these same individuals may not seek psychological services when needed. The current study examined mental health stigma (i.e., public and self-stigma of mental health) and social-cognitive factors (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control) that might influence a person’s willingness to seek out psychological help. The Theory of Planned Behavior was used …
Modern Approaches To Addressing The Mass Incarceration Of America's Mentally Ill Population, Cameron A. Bice, April N. Terry
Modern Approaches To Addressing The Mass Incarceration Of America's Mentally Ill Population, Cameron A. Bice, April N. Terry
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Correctional facilities negatively affect individuals with pre-existing mental and behavioral health concerns while also creating an environment that manifests future mental illness. Issues include facility overcrowding, restrictive housing practices, lack of accessible services, and ill-informed practices and procedures when working with individuals with mental illness. Incarcerated individuals with mental illness also face disparities through (1) sentence length, (2) race/ethnicity and gender, and (3) increased risk in victimization. This paper draws attention to a long-standing, yet current critical issue in the American criminal justice system—the use of jails and prisons as modern-day psychiatric hospitals. This literature yields many options for disrupting …
Understanding Resilience: Investigating The Relationship Between Risk Factors, Resilience, And Psychological Well-Being, Paulyna Schulz, Jisook Park
Understanding Resilience: Investigating The Relationship Between Risk Factors, Resilience, And Psychological Well-Being, Paulyna Schulz, Jisook Park
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Adversity in life is rarely considered positive. Adverse events can increase stress levels and decrease psychological well-being. However, experience of overcoming hardship can be the start of developing psychological resilience in life. Resilience is known to help regulate negative emotions and provides protection to one’s psychological well-being. The current study focused on contributing to present literature by further investigating the role of resilience on mitigating the negative impact of stress on psychological well-being. In the current study, resilience is expected to positively influence the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being by negating the direct negative effect of stress on …
Associations Between Cannabis, Psychosis, And Schizophrenia In Adolescents, Lauren Moment
Associations Between Cannabis, Psychosis, And Schizophrenia In Adolescents, Lauren Moment
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
The effects of cannabis use on the brain, mind, and body have been studied for decades. The developing brain, particularly the adolescent and young adult brain, undergoes critical development that makes it especially susceptible to the effects of cannabis use. Among the adverse effects of cannabis use in adolescence and young adulthood, psychosis and psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia) have been examined. The association of cannabis use with schizophrenia was first elucidated in a Swedish study of army conscripts. Specifically, conscripts reported their cannabis use exposure and were followed longitudinally to assess the emergence of schizophrenia. The authors found that those …
Sexual Violence In Rural Places: Policy Implication For First-Responding Law Enforcement Officers, Viviana Lizarraga, April Terry
Sexual Violence In Rural Places: Policy Implication For First-Responding Law Enforcement Officers, Viviana Lizarraga, April Terry
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Sexual violence is a public health issue impacting many Americans, with girls and women disproportionately victimized. While sexual offenses remain underreported, media has recently spotlighted high-profile cases. However, understanding sexual assaults in rural areas remains absent in mainstream conversation. Studies show rural communities are not smaller versions of their urban neighbors as they harbor old-fashioned values, maintain secrecy, and rely on informal social controls that influence how citizens respond to sexual violence, including law enforcement. Yet, existing literature on law enforcement responses to sexual violence are mostly centralized in urban areas with a focus on the investigative process—ignoring rural dynamics …
Federal Sentencing Disparities And Marginalized Offenders: Revisiting Cumulative Disadvantage Theory Through Individual-Level Variables, April Terry, Ashley Lockwood
Federal Sentencing Disparities And Marginalized Offenders: Revisiting Cumulative Disadvantage Theory Through Individual-Level Variables, April Terry, Ashley Lockwood
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Over the past several decades, sentencing reforms have claimed to establish guidelines to reduce sentencing disparity; yet, recent studies continue to find discrepancies in sentencing outcomes. The current study explored individual factors using data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission (FY 2010) to further analyze these variables through the lens of cumulative disadvantage theory. The factors included the influence of age, race, sex (gender), offense type, instant offense score, and overall criminal history score on sentencing length (in months). Hierarchical regression revealed being identified as Black, committing fraud/white collar crime or a property offense, and overall criminal history were able to …
Mobile Mindfulness: Effectiveness Of Brief Practices On Depression, Anxiety, And Stress, Katelyn J. Haschke, Whitney Whitaker, Jordan A. Sparrow
Mobile Mindfulness: Effectiveness Of Brief Practices On Depression, Anxiety, And Stress, Katelyn J. Haschke, Whitney Whitaker, Jordan A. Sparrow
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Research indicates that practicing mindfulness over an extended period of time (e.g., 20-45 minutes a day) may positively impact an individual’s overall well-being; however, limited empirical attention has tested the effectiveness of brief mindfulness practices. The current study examined how brief mindfulness practices influence symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among college students, a population who might benefit from mindfulness-based practices. This work also tested the effectiveness of practicing mindfulness using a mobile-phone application, technology relevant to college students who use their mobile-phone for a variety of endeavors on a daily basis. Participants came to an initial lab session where …
Student Job Satisfaction And Leader-Member Exchange: Relationships With Employers, Carson C. Lopez, Whitney Whitaker
Student Job Satisfaction And Leader-Member Exchange: Relationships With Employers, Carson C. Lopez, Whitney Whitaker
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Over 70% of undergraduate students hold part-time jobs while in college. Certain aspects are positively and/or negatively impacted by employment in college, such as a student’s academic performance, relationships, and self-worth. As such, research examining factors that might positively influence work-related outcomes (and subsequent collegiate experiences) for student workers is warranted. The current work utilized the Leader-Member Exchange as a theoretical framework to examine how work-related factors (i.e., leadership qualities and the supervisor-employee relationship) impact job satisfaction among student workers. Seventy-eight undergraduate students completed the study. Leadership qualities and supervisor-employee relationship positively correlated with job satisfaction; however, further analysis revealed …
Prosecutorial Misconduct: Typologies And Need For Policy Reform, Rylee Broyles, Tamara J. Lynn
Prosecutorial Misconduct: Typologies And Need For Policy Reform, Rylee Broyles, Tamara J. Lynn
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
A gross manifestation of injustice within the criminal justice system, warranting policy development to correct, is the issue of prosecutorial misconduct. There are numerous reasons why misconduct occurs and oftentimes overlooked within the courts. Action must be taken to both prevent and rectify such wrongdoings committed by those whom are presumed to be the most virtuous of our justice system. Future policy action is paramount to the constitutionality of criminal proceedings and the abatement of prosecutorial misconduct in every capacity. The implementation of austere policies would positively impact all criminal defendants whom cross the threshold of a courthouse.
Helping Students Understand Health Statistics, Adam J. Armijo, Jisook Park, W. Trey Hill
Helping Students Understand Health Statistics, Adam J. Armijo, Jisook Park, W. Trey Hill
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Mathematical and statistical information is often presented to patients after receiving health care. Previous research would suggest that people often have difficulty understanding statistical information, especially when it is presented in a single event probability format. According to previous research, the difficulty arises from numerical literacy, presentation format and an interaction of both. The goal of the current study is to determine the accuracy of students’ estimates of having an STD, after receiving a positive test result in a simulated clinical setting. Three different formats were manipulated to help students understand the statistical information frequencies, single event probability, and an …
Risky Choice Decisions From A Tri-Reference Point Perspective, Kevin L. Kenney
Risky Choice Decisions From A Tri-Reference Point Perspective, Kevin L. Kenney
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Decision theories, such as Prospect Theory, have long made use of reference points. Tri- Reference Point Theory, in contrast to other theories, proposes more than a single point of reference. The three reference points—minimum requirement (MR), status quo (SQ), and goals (G)—were manipulated between gambles in the present study. As part of their participation, 119 undergraduate students from a large Midwestern university were asked to choose between two gambles and then rate the importance of each of three reference points manipulated in the study. A series of logistic regressions were used to determine if rated importance of a reference point …
Can Cyberactivism Effectuate Global Political Change?, Serena Garcia
Can Cyberactivism Effectuate Global Political Change?, Serena Garcia
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Targeted activist strategies propel social justice movements to devise creative mechanisms in an effort to gain momentum. This discussion paper will analyze if cyberactivism can effectuate global political change. Varying views will be illustrated demonstrating the efficacy and the lack of efficacy of cyberactivism in its attempt to impact global political change. Comparisons and data analyses will assess the impact of communication media and the Internet, Internet connectivity of people, and impact of online technology on social movements. Research studies will gauge online communication tools, benefits/wins and challenges of cyberactivism, and future assumptions. Examples of cyberactivism strategies will illustrate how …
Training The Peer-Review Process:Perspectives From Research, Subject Matter Experts,And Personal Experience, April Rowland, Byron Wine
Training The Peer-Review Process:Perspectives From Research, Subject Matter Experts,And Personal Experience, April Rowland, Byron Wine
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
The processes and protocols for mentoring inexperienced peer reviewers is an important topic if the scientific community is to maintain high standards for empirical work. A review of the literature, interviews, and personal experience as a mentee revealed a variety of different protocols and procedures. This paper highlights the current state of the peer review process from the empirical literature, interviews, and personal experience. Results indicate that there are no established, evidence-based, protocols for training new peer reviewers.
The “Chicago Way”: Inner-City Street Gangs And The Battle For Civil Rights In The Windy City, 1966- 1970, Benjamin Ray Linzy
The “Chicago Way”: Inner-City Street Gangs And The Battle For Civil Rights In The Windy City, 1966- 1970, Benjamin Ray Linzy
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
The Civil Rights Movement unfolded uniquely in Chicago; in the North Lawndale and Woodlawn neighborhoods two street gangs, the Conservative Vice Lords (CVL) and the Almighty Black P Stone Nation (BPSN ) assumed the role of community organizations. They used their neighborhood connections and street savvy to alleviate racial pressures oppressing Chicago’s urban African American youths: high dropout rates, poor job opportunities, and the stress of dealing with increasingly unstable and declining communities. While the gangs’ established hierarchies led to rapid formation of community organizations, their efforts fell apart over a brief four-year period due to an inability to divest …
Bridging The Health, Safety, And Environment Risk Management Proficiency Gap For Future Petroleum Engineers, Mohammad Alkazimi, Hanan Altabbakh
Bridging The Health, Safety, And Environment Risk Management Proficiency Gap For Future Petroleum Engineers, Mohammad Alkazimi, Hanan Altabbakh
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Health, Safety, and Environment Risk Management performance has become essential in the upstream industry due to the evolving complexity of the processes. In recent years, accidents in the oil and gas industries have resulted in catastrophic consequences as they captured the news and had an overwhelming impact to health, the environment, the financial sector, and social aspects of both the companies and their customers. Health, Safety and Environment Risk Management specialists and professionals play a major role in mitigating both risk and consequences of hazards as they assure that companies comply with different standards and perform best-recommended practices. Most of …
Superpowers Across The Sea: An Analysis Of Competition Law In The Us And Eu Via The Lens Of Cultural, Political And Legal Values, Breanna M. Helland
Superpowers Across The Sea: An Analysis Of Competition Law In The Us And Eu Via The Lens Of Cultural, Political And Legal Values, Breanna M. Helland
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
This paper explores the differences in antitrust law between the United States (US) and European Union (EU) through the lens of cultural, political, and legal values. In regards to culture, the US and EU differ with respect to government involvement and public opinion, and such is reflected in each nation’s antitrust policies. Within the political realm, party values—namely conservatism or liberalism—and historical legislation—namely the Sherman Act, Clayton Act, Celler-Kefauver Act, and European Community (EC) Treaty—play a key role in the enforcement of antitrust law. Similarly, antitrust is approached differently in the US and EU with respect to legal values. This …
A Look At The Effectiveness Of Outreach Programs For Victims Of Domestic Violence: Outline Of Preliminary Findings Of A Small Scale Study, Vilma Rizzo
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Intimate-partner violence is an injustice imposed on both men and women; however, the vast majority of victims are women. Therefore, my study focuses solely on women. Moreover, abused women deal with an array of complexities in terms of their overall quality of life due to the abuse they suffer, and as a result a variety of outreach programs are being offered in hopes that these women will have a chance at a better living situation and better health outcomes. This paper will examine the psychological and physical symptoms experienced by battered women and the role of outreach programs to help …
Strategic Marketing By Small To Medium Sized Enterprises (Smes), Aniq Anwar
Strategic Marketing By Small To Medium Sized Enterprises (Smes), Aniq Anwar
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Although there are many stages involved within the strategic planning process which makes the process somewhat daunting and difficult to follow to the letter for SMEs, research suggests that strategic marketing plays an important role for the success of many businesses. The literature review conducted for this research suggests that many authors writing in the subject domain focus on such activities in large organisations when providing details on how to adapt the strategic marketing approach, and they tend to ignore these issues in relation to small and medium size organisations. To identify the importance of the strategic marketing approach for …
The Premium Blend: Options For Maximizing Subscription Cable Content Ratings On Network Television, Andrew Zuber
The Premium Blend: Options For Maximizing Subscription Cable Content Ratings On Network Television, Andrew Zuber
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
The purpose of this study was to determine how to maximize the audience ratings of premium channel television programming in the United States. Various options were considered, including a theoretical merger of networks to increase viewer ratings potential. The desired results would have led to a format that would increase the audience for original premium channel television shows. Research included a 30-item questionnaire of 72 viewers’ preferences and three interviews with television industry executives. Information gathered from these sources, as well as evidence from various texts focused on the television business, was analyzed to ascertain the feasibility of the options …