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Articles 151 - 180 of 1471
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Distinguishing Between Goosebumps, Tingling, Coldness, And Shivers According To Affective Composition, Lena Marie Wadsworth
Distinguishing Between Goosebumps, Tingling, Coldness, And Shivers According To Affective Composition, Lena Marie Wadsworth
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
"The chills" refers to a set of bodily sensations – goosebumps, tingling, coldness, and shivers – that accompany emotion. Maruskin, Thrash and Elliot (2012) identified two higher order clusters of chills sensations that differed in affective tone. "Goosetingles" tend to accompany positive emotions, tend to be elicited by reward-related stimuli, and enhance feelings of closeness with others. "Coldshivers" tend to accompany negative emotions, tend to be elicited by threat-related stimuli, and enhance feelings of social isolation. Factor analyses have also identified four lower order factors of chills (goosebumps, tingling, coldness, and shivers), but validity research has not established distinct nomological …
Measuring Hypodescent In The Social Categorization Of Multiracial Targets, Matthew Steven Preda
Measuring Hypodescent In The Social Categorization Of Multiracial Targets, Matthew Steven Preda
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Individuals of multiracial descent are often categorized and perceived as belonging to the socially subordinate (i.e. non-White) racial group, according to the rule of hypodescent, a product of the history of racial discrimination and segregation in the United States. This paper describes two studies of racial categorization which illustrate the importance of hypodescent in the social categorization of ambiguous multiracial targets. Hypodescent was observed among both Black and White observers (Studies 1 and 2), suggesting that societally enforced rules about racial categories affect individuals' decisions about the category membership of others. in Study 2, hypodescent was measured using a self-report …
The Effects Of Mating Strategy On Religiosity: Church Attendance As A Mating Strategy Component And The Role Of Religious Belief., Jacob Thomas Henicheck
The Effects Of Mating Strategy On Religiosity: Church Attendance As A Mating Strategy Component And The Role Of Religious Belief., Jacob Thomas Henicheck
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Contrary to traditional theories that religious morals influence sexual attitudes, recent research has found that controlling for sexual attitudes largely reduces associations between various moral views and religiosity. Based on these findings, the reproductive religiosity model was proposed in which being sexually restricted leads individuals to increase their religious involvement. However, the model a) does not account for religious belief and b) claims that sexual behavior mediates the effect of various variables on church attendance without employing a mediation model. to address these points, this study tests reproductive variables in a multiple regression to examine their ability to independently predict …
"To Milk The Yankee Tourists": Mid-20th-Century Heritage Practice And The Social Construction Of Whiteness In The American South, Jessica Bittner
"To Milk The Yankee Tourists": Mid-20th-Century Heritage Practice And The Social Construction Of Whiteness In The American South, Jessica Bittner
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This paper considers the appropriation of Indigenous heritage in northwest Georgia during the mid-20th century. Through this case study of the first state-funded historic preservation project in the state at Etowah Indian Mounds, I apply a recent theorizing on the nature of whiteness, settler colonialism, and the role of heritage in cementing racialized structures of colonial rule. I outline the long history of Indigenous dispossession and settler appropriation in the American South to show how the origins of Indigenous heritage tourism built on an established settler colonial apparatus that deployed race to service commercial and economic development schemes. in this …
Psychophysiology Of The Stress Response And The Hierarchical Structure Of Emotional Disorders, Molly Penrod
Psychophysiology Of The Stress Response And The Hierarchical Structure Of Emotional Disorders, Molly Penrod
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Physiological stress reactivity is closely linked to emotional disorders like depression and anxiety and is believed to play a causal role in their development. Similar patterns of exaggerated reactivity across a wide range of emotional disorders indicate that physiological hyperreactivity to stress may be a multifinal, or shared, risk factor for these disorders. However, current literature examines stress reactivity in only one or two disorders at a time and is based off categorical classification systems that assume mental disorders to be discrete entities. Recent research into the observed distribution of symptoms of mental illness contests this assumption and proposes that …
Motive-Goal Congruence, Imagination, And Well-Being: A Longitudinal Analysis With A Structural Equation Model, Yoon Young Sim
Motive-Goal Congruence, Imagination, And Well-Being: A Longitudinal Analysis With A Structural Equation Model, Yoon Young Sim
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The purpose of this study was to 1) examine individual differences in, and the 2) temporal precedence among, the motive-goal congruence, imagination, and well-being. I hypothesized that participants high in congruence will be high in spontaneous imagination and well-being assessments. For the temporal precedence, I proposed motive-goal congruence precedes spontaneous imagination and that spontaneous imagination precedes well-being. I employed the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), the statistical model in which fully separate the within-person level from the between-person level. the current research partially supported the hypotheses with its detection of between-person level difference. Some possible reasons for the lack …
Parent And Friend Emotion Socialization As Correlates Of Adolescent Eating Behavior, Margaret Eileen Cameron
Parent And Friend Emotion Socialization As Correlates Of Adolescent Eating Behavior, Margaret Eileen Cameron
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Eating disorders and disordered eating affect about half a million teenagers in the United States. Restrained eating is a type of disordered eating behavior where individuals limit their food intake to avoid weight gain, maintain their current weight, or lose weight. Although researchers have examined numerous predictors of this eating style, there are gaps in the literature related to the role of emotion socialization on restrained eating. Parents and peers continually interact with adolescents; as such, both groups often witness adolescents’ emotion expressivity behaviors. They can respond supportively or unsupportively and these responses contribute to adolescents’ emotion regulation strategies. The …
Dissociating Alzheimer’S Disease From Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Time-Frequency Based Eeg Neurometrics, Wendel Matthew Friedl
Dissociating Alzheimer’S Disease From Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Time-Frequency Based Eeg Neurometrics, Wendel Matthew Friedl
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This work explores the utility of using magnitude (ERSP), phase angle (ITPC), and cross-frequency coupling (PAC) indices derived from electroencephalogram (EEG) recording using spectral decomposition as unique biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), respectively. The experimental protocol was a visual oddball discrimination task conducted during a brief (approximately 20 minute) recording session. Participants were 60 older adults from an outpatient memory clinic diagnosed with either aMCI (n=29; M=73.0; SD=9.32) or AD (n=31; M=78.29; SD=8.28) according to NIA-AA criteria. Results indicate that ITPC values differ significantly between AD and MCI groups. Findings contribute to a growing …
History Of Archaeological Research In The Yoruba-Edo Region Of Nigeria: New Directions For Urban Earthenworks, Olanrewaju Blessing Lasisi
History Of Archaeological Research In The Yoruba-Edo Region Of Nigeria: New Directions For Urban Earthenworks, Olanrewaju Blessing Lasisi
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
In this thesis, I examine the history and trends in Nigerian archaeology, through to the development of methods and theories in the study of urban space. The nascent period of the discipline aligns with the early 19th-century colonial administration. During this period, the attention of archaeologists was on art objects. It was followed by indigenous-directed research that sees universities spring up. I discussed how this new formation sought to decolonize archaeology by pointing out that the early studies were colonial-derived, hence ignoring the accomplishments of independent African cultures. The indigenous archaeology new school served to rectify these inherent problems by …
The Gap On The Block: Aboriginality, Subjectivity, And Agency In Contemporary Urban Australia, Jennifer Michelle Ellis
The Gap On The Block: Aboriginality, Subjectivity, And Agency In Contemporary Urban Australia, Jennifer Michelle Ellis
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This thesis utilizes a theoretical and methodological approach that explores subjectivity as the relational, complex, fluid, multidimensional, recursive and intersectional modes in which social subjects are animated (Ortner 2005, 31). I discuss these different aspects of subjectivity construction through a contemporary example from urban Australia and by employing frameworks that underscore the agency of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (Aboriginal or Aboriginal Australians) in constructing and maintaining their own subjectivities through discourses that challenge settler colonialism. I work to intertwine related theoretical approaches such as practice theory as defined by Sherry Ortner, and Pierre Bourdieu's discussion of the distinction …
The Serving Supervisor: Supervisor Servant Leadership As A Protective Factor For Counseling Residents’ Burnout And Secondary Traumatic Stress, Colleen Grunhaus
The Serving Supervisor: Supervisor Servant Leadership As A Protective Factor For Counseling Residents’ Burnout And Secondary Traumatic Stress, Colleen Grunhaus
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
According to Stamm (2010), variables in counselors’ work environment, personal environment, and client environment precipitate the development of compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue, which comprises secondary traumatic stress and burnout, is an occupational hazard for counselors, and new counselors are especially vulnerable. A supervisory style that exhibits servant leadership traits may provide necessary support and counteract compassion fatigue symptoms for counseling residents. Servant leadership shares many philosophical assumptions of the counseling profession and addresses the administrative challenges many clinical supervisors face today (Evans, Wright, Murphy, & Maki, 2016). A sample of 241 counseling residents participated in the study and completed several …
The Effects Of Intranasal Orexin-A On Mk-801-Induced Attentional Deficits: Addressing Cognitive Impairment In An Nmda Receptor Hypofunction Model Of Schizophrenia, Eden Blake-Lea Maness
The Effects Of Intranasal Orexin-A On Mk-801-Induced Attentional Deficits: Addressing Cognitive Impairment In An Nmda Receptor Hypofunction Model Of Schizophrenia, Eden Blake-Lea Maness
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating condition wherein those afflicted experience positive symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions, as well as negative symptoms, including alterations of processing affecting cognition and social interactions. The NMDA receptor hypofunction model of SZ asserts that a reduction in hippocampal NMDA receptor input produces the pathology of this disorder, promoting excessive frontocortical excitatory neurotransmission – particularly overstimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons – that ultimately impairs cognitive and sensorimotor processes. Orexin-A (OxA), a neuropeptide principally involved in wakefulness and appetitive behaviors, has been shown to demonstrate cognitive-enhancing qualities in models of psychiatric and neurodegenerative illness. In the …
Examining Formal And Enacted Curricula For Culturally Responsive Strategies Regarding The Needs Of Black Female Students: A Qualitative Content Analysis, Marquita Sherie Hockaday
Examining Formal And Enacted Curricula For Culturally Responsive Strategies Regarding The Needs Of Black Female Students: A Qualitative Content Analysis, Marquita Sherie Hockaday
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
While K-12 schools have been making efforts to integrate culturally responsive curriculum and instruction, the voice and representation of Black female students has been largely ignored. Overdisciplinary practices, high dropout rates, a likelihood to be incarcerated, exposure to sexual violence, and familial obligations have negatively impacted the academic achievement of some Black female students. Thus, educational leaders can try to find ways to acknowledge the unique needs of Black female students through reconceptualizing curriculum. The purpose of this study was to examine current curricula within a particular school district for strategies and practices that may be responsive to the needs …
Effects Of An Essentialism Manipulation On The Neural Processing Of Racial Minorities, Joellen Blass
Effects Of An Essentialism Manipulation On The Neural Processing Of Racial Minorities, Joellen Blass
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Racial minorities are increasingly growing in the United States and the racial category “multiracial” is one of the fastest growing racial minorities. Racial essentialism is the belief that race has an underlying property and is innate and biological. Many people with essentialist beliefs do not normally categorize individuals with a multiracial background as multiracial. The current study assessed how an essentialism manipulation affects the neural processing of minority race targets by White participants. Participants completed a categorization task and passive task looking at ambiguous and monoracial faces while connect to EEG. For the passive task, results revealed gradient by race …
Computational Structure Of Evolved Forgiveness Systems., Thomas G. Mccauley
Computational Structure Of Evolved Forgiveness Systems., Thomas G. Mccauley
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Researchers have recently suggested that humans possess dedicated cognitive systems for forgiveness, which evolved to repair valuable cooperative relationships with transgressors and stave off harmful revenge behaviors. These putative systems are computational in nature, utilizing information pertaining to the relationship value, exploitation risk, and genetic relatedness of a transgressor in determining whether or not to employ forgiveness. While a few studies have provided empirical support for this conjecture, surprisingly little empirical research has been conducted to determine if forgiveness systems actually have such a computational structure. The aim of this thesis was to fill this gap in the literature by …
The Effects Of Uncertainty On Cooperation: Using Bayesian Cognition And Entropy To Model Cooperative Heuristics, Amrita Lamba
The Effects Of Uncertainty On Cooperation: Using Bayesian Cognition And Entropy To Model Cooperative Heuristics, Amrita Lamba
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Cooperative heuristics have traditionally been researched through the lens of standard dual-process models of cognition and from the perspective of evolutionary psychology. Despite the popularity of these approaches, research on intuitive versus extensional processing falls short in its endeavor to methodologically quantify heuristic processing and to empirically validate existing theories of social evaluation. Furthermore, several conceptualizations of the term heuristic have been proposed in the social psychology literature, leading to a lack of consensus on how cooperative heuristics function. to address these issues, the current study proposes a novel method for quantifying heuristic cognition. We propose a Bayesian cognition model …
Knowing The River, Working The Land, And Digging For Clay: Pamunkey Indian Subsistence Practices And The Market Economy 1800-1900, Ashley Spivey
Knowing The River, Working The Land, And Digging For Clay: Pamunkey Indian Subsistence Practices And The Market Economy 1800-1900, Ashley Spivey
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation explores the responses and engagement of the Pamunkey Indians with an expanding capitalist economy in nineteenth century Tidewater Virginia. Framed by theoretical discourses of political economy and landscape, I investigate the Pamunkey community’s Reservation subsistence economy, and the transitional effects the infiltration of industrial capitalism had on the economic life and experiences of Pamunkey people. Evidence uncovered from archaeological investigations on the Reservation, archival resources, and oral testimony from tribal members reveal how the Pamunkey community structured their engagement with the market. Pamunkey market engagement formed a mixed economy that followed an annual seasonal round grounded in the …
Fandom, Racism, And The Myth Of Diversity In The Marvel Cinematic Universe, Ashley S. Richardson
Fandom, Racism, And The Myth Of Diversity In The Marvel Cinematic Universe, Ashley S. Richardson
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The Marvel Cinematic Universe is currently one of the most commercially successful entertainment brands in American popular culture, with a range of film franchises and television series under its banner. Although the brand maintains its popularity with various demographics, the casting choices in Doctor Strange (2017) generated controversy among Marvel fans and critics alike for excluding people of color or reducing them to villains and sidekicks. This thesis examines the online commentary surrounding the casting and marketing of Doctor Strange to evaluate how social media users on Reddit, Tumblr, and Twitter come to understand race and gender through the Marvel …
Entangled By Salt: Historical Archaeology Of Seafarers And Things In The Venezuelan Caribbean, 1624–1880, Konrad Andrzej Antczak
Entangled By Salt: Historical Archaeology Of Seafarers And Things In The Venezuelan Caribbean, 1624–1880, Konrad Andrzej Antczak
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This doctoral dissertation is aimed at determining changes in seafarer-thing relationships—which I define as entanglements—from 1624 to 1880 at two saltpans on two islands of the Venezuelan Caribbean. Three sites with four occupational phases will be discussed: one site with two occupational phases (Dutch, 1624–1638; Anglo-American, 1638–1781) on the island of La Tortuga, and two sites each comprising one occupational phase (multi-component, c. 1700–1800; Dutch Antillean/US American, 1810s–1880) on the island of Cayo Sal, in the Los Roques Archipelago. More specifically, this research seeks to determine how the development of European capitalism and consumerism impacted entanglements involving seafarers and things …
Distress Tolerance And Emotional Disorder Symptoms Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities, Casey Elizabeth Snyder
Distress Tolerance And Emotional Disorder Symptoms Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities, Casey Elizabeth Snyder
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
There is a wealth of research indicating that members of minority groups (e.g. according to race/ethnicity, religious beliefs, sexual orientation) are at risk of experiencing greater negative psychological outcomes than their majority counterparts. It is important to determine the underpinnings of these negative experiences in order to understand their etiology, as well as to determine the most effective course of treatment. Distress tolerance (DT) has been a focus of recent clinical research as it has been associated with a number of psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and substance misuse. Although it has been found to act as a buffer against …
Understanding Self-Control, Motivation, & Attention In The Context Of Eating Behavior, Lisa Stephanie Goldberg
Understanding Self-Control, Motivation, & Attention In The Context Of Eating Behavior, Lisa Stephanie Goldberg
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Obesity and overweight continue to be a growing problem in the United States and abroad. Maintaining self-control in tempting food environments is necessary in order to avoid weight gain, yet is difficult for many individuals to achieve. In order to understand how self-control resources interact with motivation to affect selective attention to foods, 128 college student participants (42 males) varied in their controlled and autonomous motivation for healthy eating were randomly assigned to either an ego-depletion (n = 61) or control manipulation (n = 67). Implicit selective attention to food stimuli was subsequently assessed using a food flanker task that …
A Paradigm Shift Within University Museums, Emily Bagdasarian
A Paradigm Shift Within University Museums, Emily Bagdasarian
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This thesis examines the role of university museums in the United States and their relationship to academic and local communities as well as their influence on a national and international level. The purpose of this study is to identify how changes in educational, social, and cultural issues have affected the role of university museums in the United States during their almost two hundred and fifty years of evolution. A second goal is to identify which audiences (academic or public) they chose to focus on. Taking a multifaceted approach, this thesis studies three museums from Ivy League institutions: The University of …
Beyond The Butcher's Block: The Animal Landscapes Of Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake And Lowcountry Plantations, Jenna Kay Carlson Dietmeier
Beyond The Butcher's Block: The Animal Landscapes Of Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake And Lowcountry Plantations, Jenna Kay Carlson Dietmeier
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation argues that working oxen, horses, and mules contributed to the physical and social landscapes of eighteenth-century plantations in the Chesapeake and the Lowcountry. This research embraces an animal landscape approach, exploring how humans and animals were both active agents in shaping animal husbandry strategies, social interactions, and power negotiations on plantations. This exploration utilized archaeological and historical sources, predominately faunal assemblages from Oxon Hill Manor, Maryland, Mount Vernon, Virginia, Drayton Hall, South Carolina, and Stobo Plantation, South Carolina; articulated equine skeletons from Jamestown Island, Virginia, and Yorktown, Virginia; and probate inventories from plantations within the eighteenth-century Upper Chesapeake …
Making History Stick: Representations Of Naval Stores In North Carolina Museums, Catherine Widin Bailey
Making History Stick: Representations Of Naval Stores In North Carolina Museums, Catherine Widin Bailey
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This thesis explores the extent to which three North Carolina museums, the North Carolina Museum of History, the Cape Fear Museum, and the Maritime Museum at Southport, represent the state’s history of naval stores. Being a crucial part of North Carolina’s past that is frequently ignored in the formal education system, naval stores should be highlighted in museum exhibits about the state’s history and heritage. A critical analysis of these exhibits shows how these representations form a significant part of civic engagement and suggests improvements that would enhance the education of audiences about the importance of naval stores to the …
An Environmental Analysis Of Professionalization In Police Departments, Stephen M. Spiers
An Environmental Analysis Of Professionalization In Police Departments, Stephen M. Spiers
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Adverse Childhood Experiences And Health Risk Behaviors Among College Students, Morgan Thompson
Adverse Childhood Experiences And Health Risk Behaviors Among College Students, Morgan Thompson
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with social, emotional, and cognitive impairments resulting from disrupted neurodevelopment. These impairments manifest as health risk behaviors (HRBs) including tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, illicit drug use, and sexual risk behaviors. The current study assessed the relation between ACEs and HRBs by examining the cognitive abilities of 144 college students (M = 18.92 years; 56.3% female; 63.9% White; M = .078 ACEs). Participants completed an interview (parental incarceration, Criminogenic Cognitions Scale), surveys (Youth Risk Behavior Survey, ACE Questionnaire), delay discounting task, the Tower of Hanoi, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Results revealed a graded relationship …
Literary Theory Within A Cross-Classified Multilevel Framework: Personality Similarity Between Writers And Readers Predicts Reader Inspiration, William Charles Mcneal Belzak
Literary Theory Within A Cross-Classified Multilevel Framework: Personality Similarity Between Writers And Readers Predicts Reader Inspiration, William Charles Mcneal Belzak
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Literary theorists have pointed to a relationship between writer-reader personality similarity and better outcomes in the reader. Furthermore, there is empirical evidence indicating that personality similarity between two individuals leads to positive outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that personality similarity between writers and readers predicts greater inspiration in the reader. Our results supported this hypothesis. Profile similarity (i.e., similarity of Big Five trait profile) between writers and readers predicted greater reader inspiration. Single-trait similarity (i.e., similarity of single Big Five traits) between writers and readers predicted greater reader inspiration. These findings are noteworthy because we show that the scientific method …
The Effect Of Relational Mobility And Social Attractiveness On Psychological Well-Being, Megan Jessie Buys
The Effect Of Relational Mobility And Social Attractiveness On Psychological Well-Being, Megan Jessie Buys
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Previous research has indicated that in cultures and social environments where individuals are presented with many opportunities to form new relationships (i.e., environments high in relational mobility), individuals tend to form relationships with others like themselves. This tendency can be caused by two different mechanisms: First, the tendency of people to form relationships with similar others may be caused by the similarity-attraction effect, whereby individuals prefer to interact with people like themselves. High relational mobility therefore increases opportunities for individuals to maximize their preference for similar others. However, increased similarity between relationship partners can also be caused by assortment effects, …
The Archaeology Of Enslavement In Plantation Jamaica: A Study Of Community Dynamics Among The Enslaved People Of Good Hope Estate, 1775-1838, Hayden Frith Bassett
The Archaeology Of Enslavement In Plantation Jamaica: A Study Of Community Dynamics Among The Enslaved People Of Good Hope Estate, 1775-1838, Hayden Frith Bassett
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The “slave village” occupies an important place in New World plantation archaeology, though one in which the variation of experience and the internal social organization have yet to be thoroughly addressed. Through archaeological investigation, this dissertation explores the social dynamics and institutions created by enslaved people to negotiate their domestic circumstances. In many plantation settings, enslaved people lived in dedicated villages or the rear-yards of plantation houses. their domestic boundaries were prescribed, but the life they created within those boundaries was by and large a product of their own sense of sociability, domesticity, and ingenuity. The ways in which people …
The Materiality Of Authority: Ornamental Objects And Negotiations Of Sovereignty In The Algonquian Middle Atlantic (A.D. 900 - 1680), Christopher Judd Shephard
The Materiality Of Authority: Ornamental Objects And Negotiations Of Sovereignty In The Algonquian Middle Atlantic (A.D. 900 - 1680), Christopher Judd Shephard
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation investigates the emergence, development, and transformation of centralized political authority within Algonquian societies of the Late Woodland and early Colonial period (A.D. 900 – 1680) southern Middle Atlantic. Sixteenth and 17th century European accounts describe coastal Algonquian-speaking societies of modern day Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina as organized into multi-community polities structured by hierarchical political authority, centralized decision-making and pervasive inequality. However, the hallmarks typically associated with chiefly political organization—monumental architecture, settlement hierarchies, and widespread differentiation in mortuary symbolism—are almost non-existent in the region’s archaeological record. Colonial chroniclers, however, were adamant that the objects most highly valued by …