Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Nigeria's Untold Stories At A Moment Of Change: An Interview With Audio Storyteller Fayfay, Abigail Wincott

RadioDoc Review

Odudu Efe, known as FayFay, is a Lagos-based audio producer and sound designer and also the founder of NaijaPod Hub, a network dedicated to supporting audio producers and promoting high quality audio storytelling in Nigeria. This interview with FayFay shows how her career in many ways reflects the challenges and promise of Nigerian audio storytelling at this moment in time. Like many freelancers, she takes on branding and imaging, tidies up sound and produces studio-based talk podcasts. But increasingly she’s being commissioned to work on complex historical documentaries and documentary-dramas. And this for FayFay is key, because like others in …

Conditional Cash Transfers And The Reduction In Partner Violence For Young Women: An Investigation Of Causal Pathways Using Evidence From A Randomized Experiment In South Africa (Hptn 068), Kelly N. Kilburn, Audrey Pettifor, Jessie Edwards, Amanda Selin, Rhian Twine, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Ryan Wagner, James Hughes, Jing Wang, Kathleen Kahn

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction Evidence has shown that the experience of violence by a partner has important influences on women's risk of HIV acquisition. Using a randomized experiment in northeast South Africa, we found that a conditional cash transfer (CCT) targeted to poor girls in high school reduced the risk of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past 12 months by 34%. The purpose of this analysis is to understand the pathways through which the CCT affects IPV. Methods HPTN 068 was a phase 3, randomized controlled trial in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Eligible young women (aged 13-20) and their parents …

‘It’S Because I Like Things… It’S A Status And He Buys Me Airtime’: Exploring The Role Of Transactional Sex In Young Women’S Consumption Patterns In Rural South Africa (Secondary Findings From Hptn 068), Meghna Ranganathan, Lori Heise, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Heidi Stockl, Richard J. Silverwood, Kathleen Kahn, Amanda Selin, F Gomez-Olive, Charlotte Watts, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background ‘Transactional sex’, defined as a non-marital, non-commercial sexual relationship in which money or material goods are exchanged for sex, is associated with young women’s increased vulnerability to HIV infection. Existing research illustrates that the motivations for transactional sex are complex. The fulfilment of psycho-social needs such as the need to belong to a peer group are important factors underlying young women’s desires to obtain certain consumption items and thus engage in transactional sex. Methods We use a mixed-methods approach to explore the relationship between transactional sex and consumption patterns among young women in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. In …

Open-Air Preservation Of Miniaturised Lithics: Experimental Research In The Cederberg Mountains, Southern Africa, Natasha Phillips, Justin Pargeter, Marika Low, Alex Mackay

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Open-air archaeology plays a limited role in southern African Late Pleistocene research, with most studies focused on rock shelter assemblages. Recently, archaeologists have noted discrepancies in the composition of Late Pleistocene lithic assemblages between some of the region's open-air and rock shelter sites. For example, although relatively abundant in rock shelters, Late Pleistocene Later Stone Age (LSA, c. 44-12 kcal. BP) bipolar cores are rare in open-air contexts. In this paper, we assess this discrepancy by testing for differential preservation of specific artefact classes and sizes in semi-arid open-air conditions. We placed a replicated assemblage of miniaturised cores and flakes …

Effect Of Schooling On Age-Disparate Relationships And Number Of Sexual Partners Among Young Women In Rural South Africa Enrolled In Hptn 068, Marie Stoner, Jessie Edwards, William Miller, Allison Aiello, Carolyn Halpern, Aimee Julien, Amanda Selin, James Hughes, Jing Wang, F Gomez-Olive, Ryan Wagner, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background:

Attending school may have a strong preventative association with sexually transmitted infections among young women, but the mechanism for this relationship is unknown. One hypothesis is that students who attend school practice safer sex with fewer partners, establishing safer sexual networks that make them less exposed to infection.

Setting:

We used longitudinal data from a randomized controlled trial of young women aged 13–20 years in the Bushbuckridge district, South Africa, to determine whether the percentage of school days attended, school dropout, and grade repetition are associated with having a partner 5 or more years older (age–disparate) and with the …

Community Mobilization For Hiv Testing Uptake: Results From A Community Randomized Trial Of A Theory-Based Intervention In Rural South Africa, Sheri Lippman, Torsten Neilands, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Dean Peacock, Suzanne Maman, Dumisani Rebombo, Rhian Twine, Amanda Selin, Hannah Leslie, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: HIV testing uptake in South Africa is below optimal levels. Community mobilization (CM) may increase and sustain demand for HIV testing, however, little rigorous evidence exists regarding the effect of CM interventions on HIV testing and the mechanisms of action.

Methods: We implemented a theory-driven CM intervention in 11 of 22 randomly-selected villages in rural Mpumalanga Province. Cross-sectional surveys including a community mobilization measure were conducted before (n = 1181) and after (n = 1175) a 2-year intervention (2012–2014). We assessed community-level intervention effects on reported HIV testing using multilevel logistic models. We used structural equation models to explore …

Toothsome Termites And Grilled Grasshoppers: A Cultural History Of Invertebrate Gastronomy, Deirdre P. Coleman

Animal Studies Journal

This article examines the recent turn to entomophagy (insect eating) as a new source of nutrition in a world confronted by increasing population, degraded soils, and food insecurity. Although many regard entomophagy with disgust, there is a case to be made that many insects are much more nutritious, as well as greener and cleaner¹, than many of the foods we regularly eat without thinking. Also, there is nothing new about insect eating or the belief in entomophagy as a sustainable and sensible practice. There is a long cultural history in countries such as Africa and Australia, for instance.

Active Commuting Amongst School Children And Adolescents In A Rural Area Of South Africa, Eva M. Craig

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract of a presentation at the Be Active 2014 Conference, 15-18 Oct, Canberra, Australia.

From Research To Policy In Chronic Disease Prevention: Mandatory Salt Reduction In South Africa, K Charlton, K Steyn, N Levitt, C Lombard

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of a poster that presented at 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, Spain, September 15-20, 2013.

"Use Salt And Foods High In Salt Sparingly": A Food-Based Dietary Guideline For South Africa, E Wentzel-Viljoen, K Steyn, E Ketterer, K E. Charlton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Increased salt intake leads to an increase in blood pressure and decreased sodium intake relative to the usual or increased intake results in lowered blood pressure in adults, with or without hypertension. Blood pressure is a strong proxy indicator for the risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and strokes. Hypertension is estimated to have caused 9% of all deaths in South Africa in 2000. In 2008, 42% of men and 34% of women aged 35-44 years, and 60% of men and 50% of women aged 45-54 years, were hypertensive. More than 70% of both men and women older than …

Strong Rocks Sustain Ancient Postorogenic Topography In Southern Africa, Taryn E. Scharf, Alexandru T. Codilean, Maarten De Wit, John D. Jansen, Peter W. Kubik

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Cape Mountains of southern Africa exhibit an alpine-like topography in conjunction with some of the lowest denudation rates in the world. This presents an exception to the often-cited coupling of topography and denudation rates and suggests that steep slopes alone are not sufficient to incite the high denudation rates with which they are commonly associated. Within the Cape Mountains, slope angles are often in excess of 30° and relief frequently exceeds 1 km, yet 10Be-based catchment-averaged denudation rates vary between 2.32 ± 0.29 m/m.y. and 7.95 ± 0.90 m/m.y. We attribute the maintenance of rugged topography and suppression of …

Were Environmental Or Demographic Factors The Driving Force Behind Middle Stone Age Innovations In Southern Africa?, Zenobia Jacobs, Richard G. Roberts

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Sir—Past human responses to environmental changes have long interested archaeologists. During the last glacial cycle, southern Africa experienced marked climatic fluctuations, as recorded in ice-core records from West and East Antarctica.

Early Coital Debut And Associated Hiv Risk Factors Among Young Women And Men In South Africa, Audrey Pettifor, Katie O'Brien, Catherine L. Mac Phail, William Miller, Helen Rees

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

CONTEXT Young people in South Africa are at high risk of HIV infection. Because first sexual experiences may influence a young person's HIV risk, a better understanding of coital debut is needed. METHODS Data from a nationally representative survey that included 7,692 sexually active South African youth aged 15-24 were used to assess characteristics related to sexual debut and to respondents' first sexual partner. Poisson regression analyses were conducted to identify relationships among these characteristics and partner age differences, early coital debut (i.e., before age 15), forced sex with one's first partner and nonuse of condoms at first sex. RESULTS …

A Food-Based Dietary Strategy Lowers Blood Pressure In A Low Socio-Economic Setting: A Randomised Study In South Africa, Karen E. Charlton, Naomi Levitt, Krisela Steyn, Deborah Jonathan, Nomonde Gwebushe, Nasheeta Peer, Katja Rossouw, Theresa Gogela, Carl J. Lombard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective To assess the impact of a food-based intervention on blood pressure (BP) in free-living South African men and women aged 50–75 years, with drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Methods A double-blind controlled trial was undertaken in eighty drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertensive subjects randomised to an intervention (n 40) or control (n 40) arm. The intervention was 8-week provision of six food items with a modified cation content (salt replacement (SOLO™), bread, margarine, stock cubes, soup mix and a flavour enhancer) and 500 ml of maas (fermented milk)/d. The control diet provided the same quantities of the targeted foods but of …

A Re-Examination Of A Human Femur Found At The Blind River Site, East London, South Africa: Its Age, Morphology, And Breakage Pattern, Zenobia Jacobs, Qian Wang, David L. Roberts, P V. Tobias

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

ABSTRACT Modern human femoral features might have appeared in the early Middle Stone Age (156 ka to 20 ka) in South Africa, as demonstrated by the recent re-examination of a human femur fossil found at the Blind River Site, East London in the 1930s, if new dating results hold. Two optically stimulated luminescence dates from the relocated original Blind River shallow marine/estuarine deposits that contained the femur gave almost identical ages of ~120 ka, corresponding to the early part of the Last Interglacial (Oxygen Isotope Stage 5). Overall, the slender headless femur is of modern human form. The distal epiphysis …

Logic Of An Australia-South Africa Fta, Ann T. Hodgkinson, Andre C. Jordaan

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Australia, previously a strong supporter of multilateral trade liberalisation, recently began negotiating a series of free trade agreements with countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

An Assessment Of The Trade Relationship Between Australia And South Africa, Mokhtar Metwally, Ann Hodgkinson, Andre Jordaan

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines the trade relationship between Australia and South Africa to assess if it is justifiable to establish a FTA between these two countries. The paper uses the cointegration analysis to examine the long-term trade relationship between these two countries. The results suggest that Australian-South African trade has unique features which indicate that its growth is not just a reflection of overall world trade. The paper also uses a simultaneous equations model to test if there are significant feedback effects in Australian trade with South Africa. The results suggest that intensification of the trade relationship would be beneficial to …

Qualitative Case Study Research In Africa And Asia: Challenges And Prospects, Bubaker Shareia, Balakrishnan Parasuraman, Bernadine Cantrick-Brooks

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Much of the literature on research design has focussed on research conducted in developed, uni-cultural or primarily English speaking countries. Studies of qualitative case study research, the challenges and prospects, have been embedded in Western/Euro-centric society and social theories. Although there have been some theoretical studies, few empirical studies have been conducted to explore the nature of the challenges of qualitative case study in Africa and Asia. These challenges include cultural and language issues affecting access to companies and respondent issues and data analysis and financial issues. The authors while conducting qualitative case study research in Libya and Malaysia faced …

Prevalence Of Household Food Poverty In South Africa: Results From A Large Nationally Representative Survey, Karen E. Charlton, Donald Rose

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

OBJECTIVES: Household food insecurity is a major determinant of undernutrition, yet there is little information on its prevalence in the South African population. This paper assesses household food insecurity in South Africa using a quantitative and objective measure, known as food poverty, and provides prevalence estimates by geographic area and socio-economic condition. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis combining two sources: Statistics South Africa's household-based 1995 Income and Expenditure Survey; and the University of Port Elizabeth's Household Subsistence Level series, a nationally-conducted, market-based survey. SETTING: South Africa. SUBJECTS: A nationally representative sample of the entire country - stratified by race, province, and …

Lessons From The Front: Ngos And The Fight Against Hiv/Aids In South Africa, Brian G. Williams, Eleanor Gouws, Janet Frohlich, Catherine Campbell, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

More than a decade after HIV became established in South Africa's general population, the unity of purpose and commitment needed to limit and reverse the spread of infection is still lacking. Social leaders and "celebrities" are, with some notable exceptions such as Judge Edwin Cameron, unwilling to admit they are infected with HIV. The government argues for the importance of taking a broad view of the social contexts of the epidemic by embracing poverty, inequality and the legacy of Apartheid. Some large corporations are considering the consequences of the epidemic, but their attitude to it remains ambivalent. Echoing the history …

Nutrition And Ageing In Africa, Karen E. Charlton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Although the proportion of elderly people in African populations is much smaller than that in developed countries, the absolute numbers of older Africans are rapidly increasing. The huge majority of Africans live in poor economic circumstances and few countries are able to offer social assistance programs. The health and wellbeing of older persons largely depend on the integral existence of informal services, social support networks and kin support. African gerontologists have urged social welfare policy makers to take cognizance of self-organized intergenerational help systems already present on the continent, and to make public-sector finance available to support these systems. Nutrition …

Southern Africa Is Good Place To Research Role Of Fetal Malnutrition In Chronic Diseases, A Rp Walker, K E. Charlton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Editor — We are interested in Scrimshaw's allusion to populations in Latin America in his editorial on the relation between fetal malnutrition and chronic disease in later life. There, in the 1960s, despite a high prevalence of low birth weight, the preva­ lence of atherosclerosis and of myocardial infarction was low.

Investigating Hiv/Aids In Southern Africa, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Book Review Webb, D (1997) HIV and AIDS in Africa. Cape Town: David Philip. ISBN 0 86486 341 1