Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Learning And Teaching In Culturally Diverse Classrooms, Skye Playsted

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Shark Nets Are Destructive And Don't Keep You Safe - Let's Invest In Lifeguards, Leah Maree Gibbs, Lachlan Fetterplace, Quentin A. Hanich

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

As Australians look forward to the summer beach season, the prospect of shark encounters may cross their minds. Shark control has been the subject of furious public debate in recent years and while some governments favour lethal methods, it is the wrong route. Our study, published today in People and Nature, presents further evidence that lethal shark hazard management damages marine life and does not keep people safe. We examined the world's longest-running lethal shark management program, the New South Wales Shark Meshing (Bather Protection) Program, introduced in 1937. We argue it is time to move on from shark nets …

Jindaola, An Aboriginal Way For Curriculum Development, Jade E. Kennedy, Lisa K. Thomas, Alisa J. Percy, Julia I. Avena, Bonnie Amelia Dean, Kathryn Harden-Thew, Janine Delahunty, Maarten F. De Laat

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Reproduction And Transformation Of Students' Technology Practice: The Tale Of Two Distinctive Secondary Student Cases, Karley A. Beckman, Sue Bennett, Lori Lockyer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Disparities in the technology practices, skills and knowledge of school students still exist, despite widespread investment, and use in schools. In order to understand why inequalities remain, we first need a more nuanced understanding of students' technology practice, including understanding how their backgrounds, circumstances and experiences shape their perceptions of and engagement with technology. This paper proposes that research in the field of educational technology would benefit from a sociological framing in order to highlight how and why students use technology at school and in their everyday lives. The paper reports on a qualitative embedded case study of 13-16‐year‐old students …

Who Drinks Sugar Sweetened Beverages And Juice? An Australian Population Study Of Behaviour, Awareness And Attitudes, Caroline Miller, Melanie Dr Melanie Wakefield, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer, David Roder, Kerin O'Dea, Kerry Ettridge, Joanne Dono

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The rate of overweight and obesity in Australia is among the highest in the world. Yet Australia lags other countries in developing comprehensive educative or regulatory responses to address sugary drink consumption, a key modifiable risk factor that contributes substantial excess sugar to the diet. Measurement of sugary drink consumption is typically sporadic and nutrition focussed and there is limited knowledge of community perceptions and awareness of the health risks associated with excess sugary drink consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the demographic characteristics, behavioural risk factors and attitudes and knowledge associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) …

Sleep-Dependent Selective Imitation In Infants, Carolin Konrad, Nora D. Dirks, Annegret Warmuth, Jane S. Herbert, Silvia Schneider, Sabine Seehagen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In adults, sleep selectively consolidates those memories that are relevant for future events. The present study tested whether napping after encoding plays a role in selective memory consolidation in infants. Infants aged 15 and 24 months (n = 48 per age) were randomly assigned to a nap or a no-nap demonstration condition, or a baseline control condition. In the demonstration conditions, infants observed an experimenter perform an irrelevant action followed by a relevant action to achieve a desirable outcome on four different toys. Infant imitation of irrelevant and relevant actions was coded at a test session that occurred after a …

Increased Beta Activity Links To Impaired Emotional Control In Adhd Adults With High Iq, Hui Li, Qihua Zhao, Fang Huang, Qingjiu Cao, Stuart J. Johnstone, Yufeng Wang, Changming Wang, Li Sun

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: The present study investigated the neuropathology of everyday-life executive function (EF) deficits in adults with ADHD with high IQ. Method: Forty adults with ADHD with an IQ ≥ 120 and 40 controls were recruited. Ecological EFs were measured, and eyes-closed Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals were recorded during a resting-state condition; EEG power and correlations with impaired EFs were analyzed. Results: Compared with controls, the ADHD group showed higher scores on all clusters of EF. The ADHD group showed globally increased theta, globally decreased alpha, and increased central beta activity. In the ADHD group, central beta power was significantly related to …

When A Postgraduate Student Becomes A Novice Researcher And A Supervisor Becomes A Mentor: A Journey Of Research Identity Development, Melinda Kirk, Kylie Lipscombe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Developing a research identity is a critical space for novice researchers in teacher education. This co-authored self-study explores the experiences of a postgraduate Master of Education student who was working as a novice research assistant with her supervisor and how these experiences contributed to research identify development. Utilising Gee's (2000) Identity Framework as an analytical frame we, a novice researcher and supervisor, examine entries of a reflective research journal and supervisor feedback to gain insights into experiences that both support and constrain positive research identity development. Specifically, we promote mentorship and collaborative research as an effective strategy in normalising the …

Factors Supporting Retention Of Aboriginal Health And Wellbeing Staff In Aboriginal Health Services: A Comprehensive Review Of The Literature, Sara Deroy, Heike Schutze

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Aboriginal Health and Wellbeing staff are crucial for successful primary health care for Aboriginal communities. However, they are often affected by high rates of stress, burnout, and staff turn-over, which can impact primary health care delivery to Aboriginal peoples. The aim of this review was to identify organisational factors that help support the retention of Aboriginal Health and Wellbeing staff in Aboriginal Health services.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was undertaken. Eleven electronic databases were searched for papers published between 2002 and 2017 and supplemented by hand searching. Papers were included if they were in English, full text, peer-reviewed, …

Time Effects On Resting Eeg In Children With/Without Ad/Hd, Dawei Zhang, Stuart J. Johnstone, Hui Li, Robert J. Barry, Adam R. Clarke, Qihua Zhao, Yan Song, Lu Liu, Qiujin Qian, Yufeng Wang, Li Sun

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this study we extend on behavioural evidence to examine the effect of time on EEG measures related to arousal and emotion/motivation in children with/without AD/HD. Thirty children with AD/HD and 30 age- and sex-matched controls participated. EEG was recorded during an eyes-closed resting condition and divided into three 2.5 min blocks after pre-processing. Time effects for absolute and relative alpha activity were found in healthy controls; these effects did not interact with AD/HD status. Interactions between time and AD/HD status were found for absolute theta, relative theta, and theta/beta ratio (TBR), with these EEG indices increasing over time in …

Using Principal Components Analysis To Examine Resting State Eeg In Relation To Task Performance, Diana Karamacoska, Robert J. Barry, Genevieve Z. Steiner

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Brain dynamics research has highlighted the significance of the ongoing EEG in ERP genesis and cognitive functioning. Few studies, however, have assessed the contributions of the intrinsic resting state EEG to these stimulus-response processes and behavioral outcomes. Principal components analysis (PCA) has increasingly been used to obtain more objective, data-driven estimates of the EEG and ERPs. PCA was used here to reassess resting state EEG and go/no-go task ERP data from a previous study (Karamacoska et al., 2017) and the relationships between these measures. Twenty adults had EEG recorded with eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO), and as they …

Pc 12 Pheochromocytoma Cell Response To Superhigh Frequency Terahertz Radiation Fromsynchrotron Source, Palalle G. Tharushi Perera, Dominique Rt Appadoo, Samuel Cheeseman, Jason V. Wandiyanto, Denver Linklater, Chaitali Dekiwadia, Vi Truong, Mark Tobin, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Olha Bazaka, Kateryna Bazaka, Rodney J. Croft, Russell Crawford, Elena Ivanova

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

High frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been widely used in many wireless communication devices, yet within the terahertz (THz) range, their effects on biological systems are poorly understood. In this study, electromagnetic radiation in the range of 0.3-19.5 x 10 12 Hz, generated using a synchrotron light source, was used to investigate the response of PC 12 neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells to THz irradiation. The PC 12 cells remained viable and physiologically healthy, as confirmed by a panel of biological assays; however, exposure to THz radiation for 10 min at 25.2 ± 0.4 ◦ C was sufficient to induce a …

Data-Driven Derivation Of Natural Eeg Frequency Components: An Optimised Example Assessing Resting Eeg In Healthy Ageing, Robert J. Barry, Frances M. De Blasio, Diana Karamacoska

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The majority of electroencephalographic (EEG) investigations in normal ageing have determined EEG spectra from epochs recorded in the eyes-closed (EC) and/or eyes-open (EO) resting states, and summed amplitudes or power estimates within somewhat-arbitrary and/or inconsistently defined traditional frequency band limits. New method: Natural frequency components were sought using a data-driven frequency Principal Components Analysis (f-PCA) approach, optimised to reduce between-condition and between-group misallocation of variance. Frequency component correspondence was screened using the Congruence Coefficient and topographic correlations for potential matches on Condition and/or Group. The amplitudes of corresponding natural components were then explored as a function of these independent …

David Gillespie's 'Teen Brain': A Valid Argument Let Down By Selective Science And Over-The-Top Claims, Sarah P. Loughran

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Screen time has arguably become the most concerning aspect of development for modern-day parents. A 2015 poll identified children's excessive screen time as the number one concern for parents, overtaking more traditional concerns such as obesity and not getting enough physical activity.

Developing And Applying A Deductive Coding Framework To Assess The Goals Of Citizen/Community Jury Deliberations, Anna Mae Scott, Rebecca Sims, Christopher J. Degeling, Stacy M. Carter, Rae Thomas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Public participation in health policy decision making is thought to improve the quality of the decisions and enhance their legitimacy. Citizen/Community Juries (CJs) are a form of public participation that aims to elicit an informed community perspective on controversial topics. Reporting standards for CJ processes have already been proposed. However, less clarity exists about the standards for what constitutes a good quality CJ deliberation-we aim to begin to address this gap here.

Methods: We identified the goals that underlie CJs and searched the literature to identify existing frameworks assessing the quality of CJ deliberations. We then mapped the items …

An Internet-Supported School Physical Activity Intervention In Low Socioeconomic Status Communities: Results From The Activity And Motivation In Physical Education (Amped) Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, Chris Lonsdale, Aidan Lester, Katherine B. Owen, Rhiannon L. White, Louisa R. Peralta, Morwenna Kirwan, Thierno M.O Diallo, Anthony Maeder, Andrew Bennie, Freya Macmillan, Gregory S. Kolt, Nikos Ntoumanis, Jennifer M. Gore, Ester Cerin, Dylan P. Cliff, David R. Lubans

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective Quality physical education (PE) is the cornerstone of comprehensive school physical activity (PA) promotion programmes. We tested the efficacy of a teacher professional learning intervention, delivered partially via the internet, designed to maximise opportunities for students to be active during PE lessons and enhance adolescents’ motivation towards PE and PA.

Methods A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial with teachers and Grade 8 students from secondary schools in low socioeconomic areas of Western Sydney, Australia. The Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) intervention for secondary school PE teachers included workshops, online learning, implementation tasks and mentoring sessions. The primary …

Antenatal Depression Symptoms In Pacific Women: Evidence From Growing Up In New Zealand, Frances Mcdaid, Lisa Underwood, Jacinta Fa'alili-Fidow, Karen E. Waldie, Elizabeth R. Peterson, Amy L. Bird, Stephanie D'Souza, Susan Morton

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

INTRODUCTION: Pacific women in New Zealand (NZ) have higher rates of antenatal depression than women from other ethnic groups. AIM: To identify factors that are significantly associated with depression symptoms in pregnant Pacific women living in NZ.

METHODS: Data were collected from 5657 pregnant women, 727 of whom identified their ethnicity as Pacific Island. Antenatal depression symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Depression Scale with scores above 12 indicating elevated antenatal depression symptoms (ADS).

RESULTS: Pacific women had significantly higher rates of ADS than non-Pacific women, with 23% of pregnant Pacific women experiencing ADS. Factors associated with ADS for Pacific …

Proposing A Haptic Approach To Facilitating L2 Learners' Pragmatic Competence, Michael S. Burri, Amanda Ann Baker, William Acton

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Pragmatic competence plays a critical role in successful communication. Pragmatics in the second language classroom has received substantial interest in TESOL, yet teachers often find the teaching of pragmatics challenging. Instruction generally tends to focus on grammar and vocabulary development, even though pragmatics is closely linked to the sound system (i.e., phonology) of the language. An effective method should combine attention to both pragmatic and phonological competence. We propose an integrated approach, drawing on haptic (movement and touch) pronunciation teaching techniques (Acton, Baker, Burri & Teaman, 2013) to facilitate study and uptake of pragmatics in the classroom. In part by …

Building Conceptual Knowledge Of Fraction Operations Among Pre-Service Teachers: Effect Of A Representation-Based Teaching Approach Within A Teacher Education Program, Elise J. Thurtell, Patricia A. Forrester, Mohan Chinnappan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A deep understanding of fraction concepts and operations is necessary if pre-service teachers (PSTs) are to present the concepts in multiple forms to learners. Such an understanding needs to be grounded in rich conceptual knowledge. In the present study, we explore the development of this understanding by supporting a cohort of 103 PSTs, who had previously demonstrated poor conceptual understanding of fraction concepts and operations, with a Representational Reasoning in Teaching and Learning (RRTL) approach aimed at strengthening their conceptual knowledge. A comparison of pre- and post-test results indicated that participants showed a significant improvement in shifting the balance of …

Optimal Experiences In Exercise: A Qualitative Investigation Of Flow And Clutch States, Christian F. Swann, Patricia C. Jackman, Matthew Schweickle, Stewart A. Vella

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives: Understanding how to promote rewarding exercise experiences is important for attempts to help individuals be physically active. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the optimal psychological states experienced during rewarding exercise activities. Specifically, participants were interviewed as soon as possible after recent, rewarding exercise experiences in order to maximise detail and accuracy of recall. Design: Event-focused qualitative study. Method: A sample of 18 individuals (Mage= 32.94 years) participated in event-focused, semi-structured interviews soon after a rewarding exercise experience (M = 2 days later). Data were analysed thematically, while strategies were employed to enhance trustworthiness. Results: Participants reported two distinct …

Electroencephalography Theta/Beta Ratio Covaries With Mind Wandering And Functional Connectivity In The Executive Control Network, Dana Van Son, Mischa De Rover, Frances M. De Blasio, Willem Van Der Does, Robert J. Barry, Peter Putman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The ratio between frontal resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) theta and beta frequency power (theta/beta ratio, TBR) is negatively related to cognitive control. It is unknown which psychological processes during resting state account for this. Increased theta and reduced beta power are observed during mind wandering (MW), and MW is related to decreased connectivity in the executive control network (ECN) and increased connectivity in the default mode network (DMN). The goal of this study was to test if MW-related fluctuations in TBR covary with such functional variation in ECN and DMN connectivity and if this functional variation is related to resting-state TBR. …

Protocol For An Economic Evaluation Of The Quitlink Randomized Controlled Trial For Accessible Smoking Cessation Support For People With Severe Mental Illness, Rohan Sweeney, Marj Moodie, Amanda Baker, Ron Borland, David J. Castle, Catherine Segan, Alyna Turner, John R. Attia, Peter James Kelly, Lisa Brophy, Billie Bonevski, Jill Williams, Donita Baird, Sarah L. White, Kristen Mccarter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Smoking is a major cause of disease burden and reduced quality of life for people with severe mental illness (SMI). It places significant resource pressure on health systems and financial stress on smokers with SMI (SSMI). Telephone-based smoking cessation interventions have been shown to be cost effective in general populations. However, evidence suggests that SSMI are less likely to be referred to quitlines, and little is known about the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of such interventions that specifically target SSMI. The Quitlink randomized controlled trial for accessible smoking cessation support for SSMI aims to bridge this gap. This paper …

Australia's Sugar Tale, Adyya Gupta, Caroline Miller, Jane Harford, Lisa Smithers, Annette J. Braunack-Mayer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To establish high intake of free sugars and its related disease burden as a significant public health challenge in Australia.

Design: We discuss five key actions to reduce intake of free sugars tailored to the Australian context. These strategies are informed by reviewing the global scientific evidence on the effectiveness of a range of policy responses to reduce intake of free sugars at the population level.

Setting: Australia.

Participants: Australian population.

Results: The five key actions to reduce population levels for intake of free sugars tailored to the Australian context include prioritising health in trade agreements and policy; introducing …

Assessing Risk For Hiv Infection Among Adolescent Girls In South Africa: An Evaluation Of The Voice Risk Score (Hptn 068), Danielle Giovenco, Audrey Pettifor, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Kathleen Kahn, Ryan Wagner, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Jing Wang, James Hughes

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

INTRODUCTION: To maximize impact and minimize costs, antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions should be offered to those at highest risk for HIV infection. The risk score derived from the VOICE trial is one tool currently being utilized to determine eligibility in adolescent PrEP trials in sub-Saharan Africa. This study is aimed at evaluating the utility of the risk score in predicting HIV incidence among a cohort of adolescent girls in rural South Africa.

METHODS: We utilized data from HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068, a phase III randomized controlled trial conducted in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. School-attending young women …

Sexual Partner Types And Incident Hiv Infection Among Rural South African Adolescent Girls And Young Women Enrolled In Hptn 068: A Latent Class Analysis, Nadia Nguyen, Kimberly Powers, William Miller, Annie Howard, Carolyn Halpern, James Hughes, Jing Wang, Rhian Twine, Francesc Xavier Gomez-Olive, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND: Sexual partners are the primary source of incident HIV infection among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying partner types at greatest risk of HIV transmission could guide the design of tailored HIV prevention interventions.

METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from AGYW (aged 13-23 years) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of cash transfers for HIV prevention in South Africa. Annually, AGYW reported behavioral and demographic characteristics of their 3 most recent sexual partners, categorized each partner using prespecified labels, and received HIV testing. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify partner …

People From Refugee Backgrounds Contribute To A Disaster-Resilient Illawarra, Shefali Lakhina, Christine Eriksen, Jenny Thompson, Raquel Aldunate, Joshua Mclaren, Sherryl Reddy

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This case study summarises key outcomes from a collaborative research project conducted in the Illawarra, NSW in 2017. It outlines ways to inform, engage and partner with people from diverse refugee backgrounds for strengthening disaster resilience.

Cognitive And Motor Outcomes Of Children With Prenatal Opioid Exposure: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Su Yeoh, John Eastwood, Ian M. R Wright, Rachael Morton, Edward Melhuish, Meredith Ward, Ju Lee Oei

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Importance Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) is one of the fastest-growing global health problems, but its association with long-term neurologic and physical development remains unknown.

Objective To assess the association between POE and cognitive and motor development in children from age 6 months to 18 years.

Data Sources Key search terms included prenatal opioid exposure, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and neurocognitive development. Studies were searched using PubMed and Embase, with no publication date restriction, through August 20, 2018.

Study Selection Only published cohort studies comparing the results of age-appropriate standardized cognitive and/or motor tests between children with any POE …

Recreational Ecology: A Review Of Research And Gap Analysis, Daminda Sumanapala, Isabelle D. Wolf

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Recreational ecology is an internationally evolving research field addressing the high demand for nature-based tourism and recreation, and its environmental impacts. This review aimed to analyze the research effort of recreational ecology studies published in four renowned journals in the field, the Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Tourism Management, the Journal of Environmental Management, and Environmental Management. Between 1976 and 2017, this review identified 145 papers focused on recreational ecology. The majority of research investigated the direct impacts of terrestrial activities in protected areas, in particular the impacts of walking and hiking on vegetation and trail conditions, and the impacts of …

The Cross-Sectional And Prospective Associations Between Sleep Characteristics And Adiposity In Toddlers: Results From The Get Up! Study, Zhiguang Zhang, Joao Rafael Rodrigues Pereira, Eduarda Manuela De Sousa Rodrigues De Sa, Anthony D. Okely, Xiaoqi Feng, Rute Santos

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in children under three years are not fully understood yet. Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the cross-sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in toddlers over a 12-month period. Methods: Participants were 202 toddlers from the GET-UP! Study. Sleep duration, sleep timing, and sleep variability were assessed using 24-hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. Height and weight were measured, and BMI z scores were calculated. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the cross-sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity, with adjustments for clustering …

Global Benchmarking Of Children's Exposure To Television Advertising Of Unhealthy Foods And Beverages Across 22 Countries, Bridget Kelly, Stefanie Vandevijvere, See Hoe Ng, Jean Adams, Lorena Allemandi, Liliana Bahena-Espina, Simon Barquera, Emma J. Boyland, Paul Calleja, Isabel Cristina Carmona-Garces, Luciana Castronuovo, Daniel Cauchi, Teresa Correa, Camila Corvalan, Emma Cosenza-Quintana, Carlos Fernandez-Escobar, Laura Gonzalez-Zapata, Jason C. Halford, Nongnuch Jaichuen, Melissa Jensen, Tilakavati Karupaiah, Asha Kaur, Maria Kroker-Lobos, Zandile Mchiza, Krista Miklavec, Whadi-Ah Parker, Monique Potvin Kent, Igor Pravst, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Sascha Reiff, Marcela Reyes, Miguel Royo-Bordonada, Putthipanya Rueangsom, Peter Scarborough, Maria Tiscornia, Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo, Jillian Wate, Martin White, Irina Zamora-Corrales, Lingxia Zeng, Boyd A. Swinburn

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Restricting children's exposures to marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a global obesity prevention priority. Monitoring marketing exposures supports informed policymaking. This study presents a global overview of children's television advertising exposure to healthy and unhealthy products. Twenty-two countries contributed data, captured between 2008 and 2017. Advertisements were coded for the nature of foods and beverages, using the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Nutrient Profile Model (should be permitted/not-permitted to be advertised). Peak viewing times were defined as the top five hour timeslots for children. On average, there were four times more advertisements for foods/beverages that should not …