Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Quit In General Practice: A Cluster Randomized Trial Of Enhanced In-Practice Support For Smoking Cessation, Nicholas Arnold Zwar, Robyn Richmond, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, John Furler, Julie Smith, Oshana Hermiz, Irene Blackberry, Upali Jayasinghe, Ron Borland

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives. To evaluate the uptake and effectiveness of tailored smoking cessation support, provided primarily by the practice nurse (PN), and compare this to other forms of cessation support. Methods. Three arm cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 101 general practices in Sydney and Melbourne involving 2390 smokers. The Quit with PN intervention was compared to Quitline referral and a usual care control group. Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy was recommended to all groups. Outcomes were assessed by self-report at 3- and 12-month follow-up. Uptake of the interventions is also reported. Results. The three groups were similar at baseline. Follow-up at 12 months …

Small Heat-Shock Proteins: Important Players In Regulating Cellular Proteostasis, Teresa M. Treweek, Sarah Meehan, Heath Ecroyd, John A. Carver

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of intra-cellular molecular chaperone proteins that play a critical role in mitigating and preventing protein aggregation under stress conditions such as elevated temperature, oxidation and infection. In doing so, they assist in the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) thereby avoiding the deleterious effects that result from loss of protein function and/or protein aggregation. The chaperone properties of sHsps are therefore employed extensively in many tissues to prevent the development of diseases associated with protein aggregation. Significant progress has been made of late in understanding the structure and chaperone mechanism of sHsps. In …

Further Studies On The Relationship Between Irsl And Blsl At Relatively High Temperatures For Potassium-Feldspar From Sediments, Zhijun Gong, Bo Li, Sheng-Hua Li

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In optical dating of potassium-feldspar, the luminescence signals can be stimulated by both infrared (IR) light and blue light (BL). To develop reliable dating methods using different stimulation light sources for feldspars, it is important to understand the sources of the traps associated with the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and blue light stimulated luminescence (BLSL) and their relationship. In this study, we explored the luminescence characteristics of IRSL and BLSL at different stimulation temperatures (from 60 °C to 200 °C) and their relationship based on five sets of experiments, i.e. post-IR BLSL, post-BL IRSL experiments, pulse annealing test, dose-response test …

Backarc Basin And Ocean Island Basalts In The Narooma Accretionary Complex, Australia: Setting, Geochemistry And Tectonics, Natalie C. Stokes, Chris L. Fergusson, R Offler

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Cambrian-Ordovician Wagonga Group contains basalts at Melville Point and Barlings Beach, 20 km south of Batemans Bay, New South Wales. At Melville Point, the succession has basal altered basalts overlain by chert and interbedded siliceous mudstone of the Wagonga Group, in turn overlain by turbidites and chert of the Adaminaby Group with a latest Cambrian to earliest Ordovician age. By contrast, at Barlings Beach, basalt is associated with highly disrupted chert (tectonic mélange), various slivers of mudstone and turbidites, and turbidites of the Adaminaby Group. Immobile elements in the basalts show consistent patterns that allow the magmatic affinity and …

Do Anaesthetists Believe Their Teaching Is Evidence-Based?, Damian J. Castanelli, Natalie Smith, Craig L. F Noonan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Knowledge translation (KT) and evidence-based practice are widely referenced in clinical medicine, with parallel calls for clinical teaching to better reflect best educational practice. How clinical teachers use medical education theory and evidence is largely unknown. Aims: To explore anaesthetists' attitudes to clinical teaching and medical education theory and evidence: whether they use it, what sources they access and attitudes to possible barriers to its use. Methods: Data were collected from anaesthetists via on-line questionnaire. Results: 364 anaesthetists (19% response rate) completed the questionnaire. Respondents preferentially approach colleagues and access short courses or workshops to improve their teaching. Twenty-eight …

What Is And What Should Be Considered A Sotl Output?, Patrick A. Crookes

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A presentation.

The Transforming Practice Programme: Some Lessons Learned, Patrick A. Crookes

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A presentation.

Fish Intake During Pregnancy And Foetal Neurodevelopment - A Systematic Review Of The Evidence, Phoebe Starling, Karen E. Charlton, Anne T. Mcmahon, Catherine Lucas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Fish is a source of several nutrients that are important for healthy foetal development. Guidelines from Australia, Europe and the USA encourage fish consumption during pregnancy. The potential for contamination by heavy metals, as well as risk of listeriosis requires careful consideration of the shaping of dietary messages related to fish intake during pregnancy. This review critically evaluates literature on fish intake in pregnant women, with a focus on the association between neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring and maternal fish intake during pregnancy. Peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2000 and March 2014 were included. Eligible studies included those of …

Consumer Satisfaction With Practice Nursing: A Cross-Sectional Survey In New Zealand General Practice, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Deborah Davies, Yenna Salamonson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

An important consideration in health service delivery is ensuring that services meet consumer needs. Whilst nursing services in primary care have grown internationally, there has been limited exploration of consumer satisfaction with these services. This paper reports a descriptive survey that sought to evaluate consumers' perceptions of New Zealand practice nurses (PNs). One thousand, five hundred and five patients who received nursing services at one of 20 participating New Zealand general practices completed a survey tool between December 2010 and December 2011. The 64-item self-report survey tool contained the 21-item General Practice Nurse Satisfaction (GPNS) scale. Data were analysed using …

History As Reflective Practice: A Model For Integrating Historical Studies Into Nurse Education, Kylie M. Smith, Angela M. Brown, Patrick A. Crookes

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The role of history in developing professional identity in nursing is well known, and the discipline of nursing history research continues to flourish. Yet this work often struggles to find its way into undergraduate university nurse education courses. We put forward a model for "history as reflective practice" in which we suggest that historical studies can be used as a form of evidence to develop critical thinking and clinical reasoning, as well as situate nursing practice within its social and political context. In this model, we draw on historical scholarship related to the profession, practice and person, focusing on work …

Mixed Methods Research, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Louise Hickman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Mixed methods research involves the use of qualitative and quantitative data in a single research project. It represents an alternative methodological approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches, which enables nurse researchers to explore complex phenomena in detail. This article provides a practical overview of mixed methods research and its application in nursing, to guide the novice researcher considering a mixed methods research project.

Lesbian Women Choosing Motherhood: The Journey To Conception, Brenda Hayman, Lesley Wilkes, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Debra Jackson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Increasingly, lesbian women are choosing to have children in the context of a same-sex relationship, and their journey to conception and on to motherhood involves a range of decisions that are unique to lesbian couples. While creating a de novo family is burdened with decisions, choosing to be parents was a deliberate and conscious decision made by lesbian women participating in our study. The findings presented in this article focus on choosing which partner would be pregnant, donor decisions, as well as methods of conception used by lesbian women participating in a qualitative study that examined the experiences of lesbian …

"Stress Wasn't A Word": Australian Nurses' Recollections Of War-Related Trauma, Kylie M. Smith, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Lorna Moxham

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim: This research explores the recollections of Australian nurses in regards to psychological injury among those who served in World War II (WWII) and the Vietnamese conflict.

Methods: Existing oral histories from WWII and Vietnam held by the Australian War Memorial were explored for recollections of issues related to psychological injury. A constant comparative method was used to allow themes to emerge across both cohorts of interviews.

Results: Findings indicate that nurses from both conflicts witnessed trauma among their patients in the field and experienced it among themselves upon their return from service. Three main themes emerged which related …

Seasonal Changes In The Tropospheric Carbon Monoxide Profile Over The Remote Southern Hemisphere Evaluated Using Multi-Model Simulations And Aircraft Observations, Jenny A. Fisher, Stephen R. Wilson, G Zeng, Jason E. Williams, L K. Emmons, R L. Langenfelds, P B. Krummel, L P. Steele

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The combination of low anthropogenic emissions and large biogenic sources that characterizes the Southern Hemisphere (SH) leads to significant differences in atmospheric composition relative to the better studied Northern Hemisphere. This unique balance of sources poses significant challenges for global models. Carbon monoxide (CO) in particular is difficult to simulate in the SH due to the increased importance of secondary chemical production associated with the much more limited primary emissions. Here, we use aircraft observations from the 1991-2000 Cape Grim Overflight Program (CGOP) and the 2009-2011 HIAPER (High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO), together with model …

Arsenous Chloride-Free Synthesis Of Cyclic Tertiary Organoarsines From Arylarsine Oxides And Di-Grignard Reagents, Aaron M. Gregson, Steven M. Wales, Stephen Bailey, Paul A. Keller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The growing importance of triarylarsines as ligands for transition metal catalysis has sparked recent interest in new synthetic routes to tertiary arsines that avoid hazardous arsenous chloride reagents. However, safer methods for the synthesis of lesser explored arsine heterocycles, especially those containing As-C(sp3) bonds, remain lacking. We demonstrate for the first time that bench stable, less hazardous, arylarsine(III) oxides are effective substitutes for their corresponding chlorides in the one-pot construction of cyclic tertiary organoarsines from di-Grignard reagents. Several known and novel heterocycles have been prepared in reasonable yields, accommodating variations in both the diorganomagnesium reagent and electrophile, making this a …

Improving Recombinant Rubisco Biogenesis, Plant Photosynthesis And Growth By Coexpressing Its Ancillary Raf1 Chaperone, Spencer M. Whitney, Rosemary Birch, Celine Kelso, Jennifer L. Beck, Maxim V. Kapralov

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Enabling improvements to crop yield and resource use by enhancing the catalysis of the photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco has been a longstanding challenge. Efforts toward realization of this goal have been greatly assisted by advances in understanding the complexities of Rubisco's biogenesis in plastids and the development of tailored chloroplast transformation tools. Here we generate transplastomic tobacco genotypes expressing Arabidopsis Rubisco large subunits (AtL), both on their own (producing tobAtL plants) and with a cognate Rubisco accumulation factor 1 (AtRAF1) chaperone (producing tobAtL-R1 plants) that has undergone parallel functional coevolution with AtL. We show AtRAF1 assembles as a dimer and …

Urban Water Governance Failure And Local Strategies For Overcoming Water Shortages In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Richard Rugemalila, Leah Maree Gibbs

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In Tanzania's largest city, Dar es Salaam, water supply does not meet the needs of the community. In response, people adopt multiple strategies to secure adequate water for their daily requirements. This paper investigates urban water provision and governance in Dar es Salaam, and has two aims: to investigate the causes of urban water failure; and to examine the full range of strategies employed by the local community to overcome water shortages. We critique the socioeconomic implications of both water shortages themselves and the methods used to overcome them. The paper draws on a household survey and key informant interviews …

Woody Plant Encroachment Of Grasslands: A Comparison Of Terrestrial And Wetland Settings, Neil Saintilan, Kerrylee Rogers

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A global trend of woody plant encroachment of terrestrial grasslands is co-incident with woody plant encroachment of wetland in freshwater and saline intertidal settings. There are several arguments for considering tree encroachment of wetlands in the context of woody shrub encroachment of grassland biomes. In both cases, delimitation of woody shrubs at regional scales is set by temperature thresholds for poleward extent, and by aridity within temperature limits. Latitudinal expansion has been observed for terrestrial woody shrubs and mangroves, following recent warming, but most expansion and thickening has been due to the occupation of previously water-limited grassland/saltmarsh environments. Increases in …

Prediction Of Activity Type In Preschool Children Using Machine Learning Techniques, M. Hagenbuchner, Dylan P. Cliff, Stewart Trost, Van Tuc Nguyen, Gregory E. Peoples

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives Recent research has shown that machine learning techniques can accurately predict activity classes from accelerometer data in adolescents and adults. The purpose of this study is to develop and test machine learning models for predicting activity type in preschool-aged children. Design Participants completed 12 standardised activity trials (TV, reading, tablet game, quiet play, art, treasure hunt, cleaning up, active game, obstacle course, bicycle riding) over two laboratory visits. Methods Eleven children aged 3-6 years (mean age = 4.8 ± 0.87; 55% girls) completed the activity trials while wearing an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on the right hip. Activities were categorised …

Influence Of Subduction History On South American Topography, Nicolas Flament, Michael Gurnis, R Dietmar Muller, Dan J. Bower, Laurent Husson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Cenozoic evolution of South American topography is marked by episodes of large-scale uplift and subsidence not readily explained by lithospheric deformation. The drying up of the inland Pebas system, the drainage reversal of the Amazon river, the uplift of the Sierras Pampeanas and the uplift of Patagonia have all been linked to the evolution of mantle flow since the Miocene in separate studies. Here we investigate the evolution of long-wavelength South American topography as a function of subduction history in a time-dependent global geodynamic model. This model is shown to be consistent with these inferred changes, as well as …