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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
'As Long As You Have Some Of That, It Cancels It Out': How Advertisers Use Guilt To Sell Us Quick-Fixes For Our Unhealthy Behaviour, Lance Barrie, Sandra C. Jones
'As Long As You Have Some Of That, It Cancels It Out': How Advertisers Use Guilt To Sell Us Quick-Fixes For Our Unhealthy Behaviour, Lance Barrie, Sandra C. Jones
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
In a society with numerous guidelines for „healthy living‟, people make conscious decisions to substitute or trade certain health behaviours with others. The current study investigates young adults‟ perceptions of messages in advertising which imply that use or consumption of a product may have health benefits or may even provide a „solution‟ or trade-off for a consumer who has made (or would like to make) a suboptimal health behaviour choice. Using focus groups and a survey, we found that these types of decisions are common, and that people spontaneously recall editorial and advertising messages that convey such messages. Responding to …
Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson
Saving Lives Or Raising Revenue: Analysing Media Coverage Of The Alcopops Tax In Light Of The Evidence On Its Effects, Sandra C. Jones, Laura Robinson
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The Australian Government increased the tax on ready-to-drink (RTD) alcohol beverages in 2008, in order to address concerns about increasing alcohol consumption among young people. This decision resulted in significant debate and discussion in the media, and in academic circles. The aim of the current study was to examine media coverage of the debate – and particularly the arguments posed in favour of and against the tax – now that we have objective evidence of its impact. We find that business owners and industry groups were vocal in the media, raising a number of arguments in opposition to the tax; …
Cannabis And Cognition: Short- And Long-Term Effects, Nadia Solowij, Nicole Pesa
Cannabis And Cognition: Short- And Long-Term Effects, Nadia Solowij, Nicole Pesa
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Twenty years ago cannabis was generally perceived to be a benign drug with few significant adverse effects. As outlined elsewhere in this book, evidence has since mounted in the scientific literature for a range of harms associated with the use of cannabis, including the development of dependence and health-related harms (see also Hall and Solowij, 1998; Hall and Degenhardt, 2009). As the overall theme of this book indicates, an association between cannabis use and the development of psychotic symptoms or overt psychosis has grown to be recognized as a significant potential harm, and investigating the mechanisms by which cannabis may …
The Spatial Tuning Of "Motion Streak" Mechanisms Revealed By Masking And Adaptation, Deborah Apthorp, John Cass, David Alais
The Spatial Tuning Of "Motion Streak" Mechanisms Revealed By Masking And Adaptation, Deborah Apthorp, John Cass, David Alais
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
We previously reported that fast-moving dot arrays cause orientation-tuned masking of static gratings (D. Apthorp, J. Cass, & D. Alais, 2010), which we attribute to “motion streaks.” Using similar “streaky” dot motion, we describe spatial frequency tuning of grating threshold elevations caused by masking (Experiment 1) and adaptation (Experiment 2) to motion. To compare the streaks with psychophysical tunings, we Fourier analyzed time-averaged translating dots, which were bandpass (peaking at È2.3 c/deg). Masking, however, was strongest at lower test frequencies (e1 c/deg) and largely isotropic over orientation, although a small orientation-tuned effect occurred at È1.2 c/deg. Results were broadly similar …
Conversion Of Australian Food Composition Data From Ausnut1999 To 2007 In The Clinical Trial Context, Elizabeth P. Neale, Yasmine C. Probst, Rebecca Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Jane E. O'Shea, Marijka J. Batterham, Linda C. Tapsell
Conversion Of Australian Food Composition Data From Ausnut1999 To 2007 In The Clinical Trial Context, Elizabeth P. Neale, Yasmine C. Probst, Rebecca Thorne, Qingsheng Zhang, Jane E. O'Shea, Marijka J. Batterham, Linda C. Tapsell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
An Australian food composition database, AUSNUT1999, does not include long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC omega-3 PUFA) data. Measurement of the fatty acid content of diets initially analysed using AUSNUT1999 requires conversion to AUSNUT2007, an updated database inclusive of LC omega-3 PUFA. The aim of this study was to convert clinical trial dietary data from AUSNUT1999 to AUSNUT2007 and measure LC omega-3 PUFA intake. Clinical trial diet history (DH) data was converted from AUSNUT1999 to 2007 using a staged approach. Macronutrient intake from AUSNUT1999 and 2007 were calculated and compared via paired t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Mean …
Implementation Of A Major In Mental Health Nursing In Australian Universities, Brenda Happell, Lorna Moxham, Karen-Ann Clarke
Implementation Of A Major In Mental Health Nursing In Australian Universities, Brenda Happell, Lorna Moxham, Karen-Ann Clarke
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The difficulty recruiting and retaining an adequate mental health nursing workforce is acknowledged. The major in mental health nursing has been identified as a strategy to promote this specialist area of practice as desirable for students’ future careers. Measuring its success requires the collection of detailed data about the structure, content, and uptake of these programmes. A survey was specifically developed to elicit descriptive information about the structure and content of a major in mental health nursing programmes. Fourteen universities participated in this research. Eight had implemented a major, one intends to do so in 2011, and five had abandoned …
Investigation Of Population Heterogeneity Of Diet Use Among Middle-Aged Australians, Wei C. Wang, Anthony Worsley, Everada G. Cunningham, Wendy Hunter
Investigation Of Population Heterogeneity Of Diet Use Among Middle-Aged Australians, Wei C. Wang, Anthony Worsley, Everada G. Cunningham, Wendy Hunter
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The purpose of the study was to determine patterns of diet use among middle-aged Australian men and women and the relationships between these different usage patterns and demographic characteristics, health status and health habits. A cross-sectional mail survey was conducted among a random sample of 2975 people aged 40–71 years in Victoria, Australia. A total of 1031 usable questionnaires were obtained which included information about the use of diets (e.g. low-fat and low-salt) during the past 3 months along with demographic information, health status and health habits. Based on the responses about the use of thirteen diets for both sexes, …
Rtds In Australia: Expensive Designer Drinks Or Cheap Rocket Fuel?, Sandra C. Jones, Lance Barrie
Rtds In Australia: Expensive Designer Drinks Or Cheap Rocket Fuel?, Sandra C. Jones, Lance Barrie
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Introduction and Aims. The ready-to-drink (RTD) market is growing rapidly, and this product category has been shown to be particularly appealing to young drinkers. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the range and availability of RTDs available in New South Wales (NSW) (including metropolitan, regional and rural areas), with a particular focus on the variations in alcohol content and pricing. Design and Methods. A total of 52 alcohol outlet audits were conducted across nine locations, including metropolitan, regional and rural New South Wales. Trained auditors recorded the RTDs for sale in each outlet, including …
Depth Interval Estimates From Motion Parallax And Binocular Disparity Beyond Interaction Space, Barbara Gillam, Stephen Palmisano, Donovan Govan
Depth Interval Estimates From Motion Parallax And Binocular Disparity Beyond Interaction Space, Barbara Gillam, Stephen Palmisano, Donovan Govan
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Static and dynamic observers provided binocular and monocular estimates of the depths between real objects lying well beyond interaction space. On each trial, pairs of LEDs were presented inside a dark railway tunnel. The nearest LED was always 40 m from the observer, with the depth separation between LED pairs ranging from 0 up to 248 m. Dynamic binocular viewing was found to produce the greatest (ie most veridical) estimates of depth magnitude, followed next by static binocular viewing, and then by dynamic monocular viewing. (No significant depth was seen with static monocular viewing.) We found evidence that both binocular …
Asthma And Ageing: An End User's Perspective- The Perception And Problems With The Management Of Asthma In The Elderly, Sandra C. Jones, Don Iverson, Pippa Burns, Uwana Evers, Peter Caputi, S. Morgan
Asthma And Ageing: An End User's Perspective- The Perception And Problems With The Management Of Asthma In The Elderly, Sandra C. Jones, Don Iverson, Pippa Burns, Uwana Evers, Peter Caputi, S. Morgan
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Despite the high prevalence of asthma in the elderly, its development, diagnosis, and treatment are under-researched. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge in relation to management of asthma in the elderly – focusing on barriers to diagnosis and treatment and the central role of self-management. Asthma prevalence increases with age, as does the risk of dying from asthma, and with the ageing of the population and increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of (diagnosed and undiagnosed) asthma in older adults is expected to increase drastically, placing an increasing burden on sufferers, the community and health …
Vection In Depth During Consistent And Inconsistent Multisensory Stimulation, April Ash, Stephen Palmisano, Juno Kim
Vection In Depth During Consistent And Inconsistent Multisensory Stimulation, April Ash, Stephen Palmisano, Juno Kim
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
We examined vection induced during physical or simulated head oscillation along either the horizontal or depth axis. In the first two experiments, during active conditions, subjects viewed radial-flow displays which simulated viewpoint oscillation that was either in-phase or out-of-phase with their own tracked head movements. In passive conditions, stationary subjects viewed playbacks of displays generated in earlier active conditions. A third control, experiment was also conducted where physical and simulated fore ^ aft oscillation was added to a lamellar flow display. Consistent with ecology, when active in-phase horizontal oscillation was added to a radial-flow display it modestly improved vection compared …
Relationships Between Self-Rated Health, Quality Of Life And Sleep Duration In Middle Aged And Elderly Australians, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don Iverson
Relationships Between Self-Rated Health, Quality Of Life And Sleep Duration In Middle Aged And Elderly Australians, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don Iverson
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Objective: To determine whether sleep duration is associated with self-rated health and quality of life in adults residing in New South Wales, Australia. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 45 and Up Study were used. Sleep duration, self-rated health, quality of life and other health-related variables were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Multi-nomial logistic regression models were used to examine whether sleep duration predicted self-rated health and quality of life. Results: The sample included 63,408 adults aged 45–95 years. After controlling for a range of covariates, (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.31–1.70), 6 h sleep (OR = 1.28, …
Short Sleep Mediates The Association Between Long Work Hours And Increased Body Mass Index, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don Iverson
Short Sleep Mediates The Association Between Long Work Hours And Increased Body Mass Index, Christopher A. Magee, Peter Caputi, Don Iverson
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This study examined whether short sleep duration, physical activity and time spent sitting each day mediated the association between long work hours and body mass index (BMI). Participants included 16,951 middle aged Australian adults who were employed in full time work (i.e. ≥35 h a week). Data on BMI, sleep duration, work hours and other health and demographic variables were obtained through a self-report questionnaire. A multiple mediation model was tested whereby sleep duration, physical activity and amount of time spent sitting were entered as potential mediators between work hours and BMI. The results demonstrated that short sleep partially mediated …
Reciprocal Signalling Between Nr2 Subunits Of The Nmda Receptor And Neuregulin 1 And Their Role In Schizophrenia, Amy Geddes, Xu-Feng Huang, Kelly A. Newell
Reciprocal Signalling Between Nr2 Subunits Of The Nmda Receptor And Neuregulin 1 And Their Role In Schizophrenia, Amy Geddes, Xu-Feng Huang, Kelly A. Newell
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Schizophrenia is a debilitating neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder. Both the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and neuregulin1 (NRG1) are key molecules involved in normal brain development that have been linked to schizophrenia pathology and aetiology. The NR2 proteins are critical structural and functional subunits of the NMDAR and are developmentally and spatially regulated. Altered NR2 gene and protein expression has been found in human post-mortem schizophrenia brain tissue together with changes in NRG1 and its receptor ErbB4. The NR2 subunits and ErbB4 share a common anchoring domain on the postsynaptic density and therefore a disruption to either of these molecules may influence the …
Parent's Responses To Nutrient Claims And Sports Celebrity Endorsements On Energy-Dense And Nutrient-Poor Foods: An Experimental Study, Helen Dixon, Maree Scully, Melanie Wakefield, Bridget Kelly, Kathy Chapman, Robert Donovan
Parent's Responses To Nutrient Claims And Sports Celebrity Endorsements On Energy-Dense And Nutrient-Poor Foods: An Experimental Study, Helen Dixon, Maree Scully, Melanie Wakefield, Bridget Kelly, Kathy Chapman, Robert Donovan
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Objective: To assess parents’ responses to common, potentially misleading strategies for marketing energy-dense and nutrient-poor (EDNP) child-oriented foods. Design: Between-subjects online experiment to test whether nutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements on the front of packs of EDNP products lead parents to prefer and rate these foods more favourably. Setting: Australia. Subjects: A total of 1551 parents of children aged 5–12 years, who were the main household grocery buyers. Results: Inclusion of nutrient claims or sports celebrity endorsements on EDNP products led parents to perceive these products to be more nutritious than if they did …
Optimizing Dietary Fat In A Weight-Loss Trial Requires Advice Based On A Structured "Whole-Of-Diet" Model, Lynda J. Ross, Linda C. Tapsell, Yasmine Probst
Optimizing Dietary Fat In A Weight-Loss Trial Requires Advice Based On A Structured "Whole-Of-Diet" Model, Lynda J. Ross, Linda C. Tapsell, Yasmine Probst
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Dietary trials may link macronutrient intakes to health outcomes, but adherence to dietary targets requires advice based on an understanding of food composition and consumption patterns. Using data from a weight loss trial, we hypothesized that structured advice would be required for significant fat modification to occur. We compared participants' food choice patterns in response to advice based on a structured “whole-of-diet” model vs a general approach to healthy eating. Overweight participants (n = 122) were randomized to 2 advice arms (saturated fat [SFA] < 10% energy [E]): (1) general low fat (LF) control—(a) isoenergy, (b) −2000 kJ; and (2) structured LF high polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) (∼10% energy PUFA; PUFA to SFA ratio ≥1) (LF-PUFA)—(a) isoenergy, (b) −2000 kJ. Intakes of E and fat and fat from food groups (percentage of total fat intake) were compared at baseline, 3 months, P < .05. Baseline diets were similar, with most fat from high-SFA foods (59%): meat and milk-based staple meals and high-fat snacks. By 3 months, all groups reduced E and met the SFA target. Polyunsaturated fat targets were met by the LF-PUFA groups only (P < .001), enabling targeted between-group differences. In response to general advice, LF groups simply switched to LF alternatives of the same foods (P < .05). In comparison, LF-PUFA groups shifted fat intake to high-PUFA choices (54%), consuming more fat than controls from nuts (P < .001), whole grains (P < .001), and oils and spreads (P < .05). Significant reductions in E were achieved regardless of advice, but significant shifts in dietary fat profile relied on structured whole-of-diet advice on a range of meal and snack food sources of fat subtypes.
Epidemiology Of Influenza-Like Illness During Pandemic (H1n1) 2009, New South Wales, Australia, David Muscatello, Margo Barr, Sarah Thackway, C. Raina Maclntyre
Epidemiology Of Influenza-Like Illness During Pandemic (H1n1) 2009, New South Wales, Australia, David Muscatello, Margo Barr, Sarah Thackway, C. Raina Maclntyre
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
To rapidly describe the epidemiology of infl uenza-like illness (ILI) during the 2009 winter epidemic of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in New South Wales, Australia, we used results of a continuous population health survey. During July–September 2009, ILI was experienced by 23% of the population. Among these persons, 51% were unable to undertake normal duties for <3 days, 55% sought care at a general practice, and 5% went to a hospital. Factors independently associated with ILI were younger age, daily smoking, and obesity. Effectiveness of prepandemic seasonal vaccine was ≈20%. The high prevalence of risk factors associated with a substantially increased risk for ILI deserves greater recognition.