Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Cartan Subalgebras For Non-Principal Twisted Groupoid C⁎-Algebras, Anna L. Duwenig, E Gillaspy, R Norton, S Reznikoff, S Wright

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

2020 Elsevier Inc. Renault proved in 2008 [22, Theorem 5.2] that if G is a topologically principal groupoid, then C0(G(0)) is a Cartan subalgebra in Cr⁎(G,Σ) for any twist Σ over G. However, there are many groupoids which are not topologically principal, yet their (twisted) C⁎-algebras admit Cartan subalgebras. This paper gives a dynamical description of a class of such Cartan subalgebras, by identifying conditions on a 2-cocycle c on G and a subgroupoid S⊆G under which Cr⁎(S,c) is Cartan in Cr⁎(G,c). When G is a discrete group, we also describe the Weyl groupoid and twist associated to these Cartan …

Optimization Of Maintenances Following Proof Tests For The Final Element Of A Safety-Instrumented System, Aibo Zhang, Tieling Zhang, Anne Barros, Yiliu Liu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

2019 The Authors Safety-instrumented systems (SISs) have been widely installed to prevent accidental events and mitigate their consequences. Mechanical final elements of SISs often become vulnerable with time due to degradations, but the particulars in SIS operations and assessment impede the adaption of state-of-art research results on maintenances into this domain. This paper models the degradation of SIS final element as a stochastic process. Based on the observed information during a proof test, it is essential to determine an optimal maintenance strategy by choosing a preventive maintenance (PM) or corrective maintenance (CM), as well deciding what degree of mitigation of …

Influence Of O2 On The Erosion-Corrosion Performance Of 3cr Steels In Co2 Containing Environment, Lei Xia, Yan Li, Leilei Ma, Hongmei Zhang, Nan Li, Zhengyi Jiang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

2020 by the authors. With the introduction of O2 during oil and gas production, the erosion-corrosion rate of tubing steels increases; the objective of this report is to explore the reason for this. Erosion-corrosion experiments were performed in environments of CO2 and CO2-O2, respectively. Macrographs, microstructures, and the compositions of erosion-corrosion scales were investigated using a digital camera, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Kevex-SuperDry energy spectrometer (EDS) and Xray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the erosion-corrosion products are composed of large FeCO3 particles and some amorphous product in the CO2 environment, while they are made up of FeCO3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, …

Nitrite Admixed Concrete For Wastewater Structures: Mechanical Properties, Leaching Behavior And Biofilm Development, Xuan Li, Liza O'Moore, Simeon Wilkie, Yarong Song, Jing Wei, Philip Bond, Zhiguo Yuan, Lucija Hanzic, Guangming Jiang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This study systematically investigated the impacts of calcium nitrite addition on the mechanical properties and biofilm communities of concrete-based wastewater infrastructures using sulfate resistant cement through standard tests and DNA sequencing, respectively. The results revealed that setting time and water demand for normal consistency were reduced, but slump, drying shrinkage, and apparent volume of permeable voids increased with calcium nitrite dosage up to 4% weight of cement. The cumulative leached fraction of nitrite, 28-day compressive strength and biofilm communities were not significantly affected by calcium nitrite dosages. The addition of calcium nitrite into concrete is environmentally friendly to wastewater infrastructures.

Equivalent Static Force Method For Selective Storage Racks With Uplifting Baseplates, James Maguire, Lip H. Teh, G Charles Clifton, Timothy J. Mccarthy

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper is concerned with the equivalent static force method for the seismic design of selective storage racks with uplifting baseplates. It proposes a new procedure for determining the effective natural period of such racks in the cross-aisle direction for use in the NZS 1170.5 equivalent static method. The procedure is derived by comparing the base shear results of trialled Rayleigh methods against nonlinear time history analysis results involving 15 upright frame configurations, comprising 5 baseplate types for three, five and seven level racks. The time history analyses use a suite of 44 ground motion records. It is recommended that …

Gait Asymmetry And Variability In Older Adults During Long-Distance Walking: Implications For Gait Instability, Duo Wong, Wing Lam, Winson Lee

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

2019 Background: Physical exercise, such as walking, is imperative to older adults. However, long-distance walking may increase walking instability which exposes them to some fall risks. Objective: To evaluate the influence of long-distance walking on gait asymmetry and variability of older adults. Method: Sixteen physically active older adults were instructed to walk on a treadmill for a total of 60 min. Gait experiments were conducted over-ground at the baseline (before treadmill-walk), after first 30 min (30-min) and second 30 min (60-min) of the walk. In addition to spatiotemporal parameters, median absolute deviation of the joint angular velocity was measured to …

Experimental And Numerical Study Of Temperature Field And Molten Pool Dimensions In Dissimilar Thickness Laser Welding Of Ti6al4v Alloy, Zhixiong Li, Khashayar Rostam, Afshin Panjehpour, Mohammad Akbari, Arash Karimipour, Sara Rostami

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

2019 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers Laser study is an important consideration in the present century with advances in laser technology. Titanium alloys are of great importance to the defense industry, aerospace and other industries due to its properties, including strength to weight. In this research, experimental and numerical study are investigated for laser welding on sheets of Ti6Al4V alloy with different thicknesses. Analysis of the temperature distribution around the molten pool and dimensions of the depth and width of the molten pool are performed by changing the parameters of laser such as focal length, speed of laser welding and …

A Blockchain Based System For Safe Vaccine Supply And Supervision, Binbin Yong, Jun Shen, Xin Liu, Fucun Li, Huaming Chen, Qingguo Zhou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Immunization is an indispensable mechanism for preventing infectious diseases in modern society, and vaccine safety is closely related to public health and national security. However, issues such as vaccine expiration and vaccine record fraud are still widespread in vaccine supply chains. Therefore, an effective management system for the supervision of vaccine supply chains is urgently required. As the next generation of core technology after the Internet, blockchain is designed to build trust mechanisms that can change current information management methods. Meanwhile, the development of machine learning technologies provides additional ways to analyze the data in information management systems. The main …

From Ideal To Reality: Segmentation, Annotation, And Recommendation, The Vital Trajectory Of Intelligent Micro Learning, Jiayin Lin, Geng Sun, Tingru Cui, Jun Shen, Dongming Xu, Ghassan Beydoun, Ping Yu, David Pritchard, Li Li, Shiping Chen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The soaring development of Web technologies and mobile devices has blurred time-space boundaries of people’s daily activities. Such development together with the life-long learning requirement give birth to a new learning style, micro learning. Micro learning aims to effectively utilize learners’ fragmented time to carry out personalized learning activities through online education resources. The whole workflow of a micro learning system can be separated into three processing stages: micro learning material generation, learning materials annotation and personalized learning materials delivery. Our micro learning framework is firstly introduced in this paper from a higher perspective. Then we will review representative segmentation …

Novel Topological Nodal Lines And Exotic Drum-Head-Like Surface States In Synthesized Cscl-Type Binary Alloy Tios, Xiaotian Wang, Guangqian Ding, Zhenxiang Cheng, Gokhan Surucu, Xiaolin Wang, Tie Yang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

2020 Very recently, searching for new topological nodal line semimetals (TNLSs) and drum-head-like (DHL) surface states has become a hot topic in the field of physical chemistry of materials. Via first principles, in this study, a synthesized CsCl type binary alloy, TiOs, was predicted to be a TNLS with three topological nodal lines (TNLs) centered at the X point in the kx/y/z = π plane, and these TNLs, which are protected by mirror, time reversal (T) and spatial inversion (P) symmetries, are perpendicular to one another. The exotic drum-head-like (DHL) surface states can be clearly observed inside and outside the …

Beam-Based Analog Self-Interference Cancellation In Full-Duplex Mimo Systems, Anh Tuyen Le, Le Chung Tran, Xiaojing Huang, Y. Jay Guo

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Self-interference (SI) cancellation for full-duplex (FD) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems is challenging due to both hardware and signal processing complexity. In this paper, a beam-based adaptive filter structure with analog least mean square (ALMS) loops is proposed to significantly reduce the complexity of SI cancellation for FD MIMO systems. With this structure, the number of adaptive filters required for SI cancellation scales linearly with the number of transmit beams rather than quadratically with the number of antennas. Furthermore, to avoid additional transmit chains used to upconvert the beam signals to generate reference signals for the ALMS loops, a …

Multi-Period Data Driven Control Strategy For Real-Time Management Of Energy Storages In Virtual Power Plants Integrated With Power Grid, Chixin Xiao, Danny Sutanto, Kashem M. Muttaqi, Minjie Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

2019 Elsevier Ltd This paper investigates a novel real-time stochastic multi-period management strategy of a virtual power plant (VPP) using a three-layer language protocol based on computer program compiler principle, which takes advantage of the availability of the battery storage in a VPP to maximize the revenue of the VPP over the entire trading horizon considering the predicted prices in each slice of that horizon. When the conventional scenario tree method is used to solve the computational complexity of the multi-period stochastic optimization problem, it may cause the problem to become intractable when the problem-scale increases. This paper proposes a …

Performance Of Ballast Influenced By Deformation And Degradation: Laboratory Testing And Numerical Modeling, Buddhima Indraratna, Ngoc Trung Ngo, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper presents a study on the deformation and degradation responses of railway ballast using large-scale laboratory testing and computational modeling approaches. A series of large-scale triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the ballast breakage responses under cyclic train loading subjected to varying frequencies, f=10-40  Hz. The role of recycled rubber energy-absorbing mats (REAMs) on reducing ballast breakage was also examined. Laboratory test results show that the ballast experiences significant degradation (breakage) and deformation, while the inclusion of REAMs can reduce the ballast breakage up to about 35%. Numerical modeling using the coupled discrete-continuum approach [coupled discrete-element method-finite-difference method …

Mechanistic-Empirical Permanent Deformation Models: Laboratory Testing, Modelling And Ranking, Ana Ramos, Antonio Gomes, Buddhima Indraratna, Ngoc Trung Ngo, Rui Calcada, Pedro Costa

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Geomaterials exhibit elastoplastic behaviour during dynamic and repeated loading conditions. These loads are induced by the passage of a train or vehicle which then generates recoverable (resilient) deformation and/or permanent (plastic) deformation. Modelling this behaviour is still a challenge for geotechnical engineers as it implies the understanding of the complex deformation mechanism and application of advanced constitutive models. This paper reviews on the major causes of permanent deformation and the factors that influence the long-term performance of materials. It will also present the fundamental concepts of permanent deformation as well as the models and approaches used …

The Structural, Electronic, And Optical Properties Of Ge/Si Quantum Wells: Lasing At A Wavelength Of 1550 Nm, Hongqiang Li, Jianing Wang, Jinjun Bai, Shanshan Zhang, Sai Zhang, Yaqiang Sun, Qianzhi Dou, Mingjun Ding, Youxi Wang, Dan Qu, Jilin Du, Chunxiao Tang, Enbang Li, Joan Prades

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The realization of a fully integrated group IV electrically driven laser at room temperature is an essential issue to be solved. We introduced a novel group IV side-emitting laser at a wavelength of 1550 nm based on a 3-layer Ge/Si quantum well (QW). By designing this scheme, we showed that the structural, electronic, and optical properties are excited for lasing at 1550 nm. The preliminary results show that the device can produce a good light spot shape convenient for direct coupling with the waveguide and single-mode light emission. The laser luminous power can reach up to 2.32 mW at a …

Deep Learning Based Hep-2 Image Classification: A Comprehensive Review, Saimunur Rahman, Lei Wang, Changming Sun, Luping Zhou

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Classification of HEp-2 cell patterns plays a significant role in the indirect immunofluorescence test for identifying autoimmune diseases in the human body. Many automatic HEp-2 cell classification methods have been proposed in recent years, amongst which deep learning based methods have shown impressive performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing deep learning based HEp-2 cell image classification methods. These methods perform HEp-2 image classification at two levels, namely, cell-level and specimen-level. Both levels are covered in this review. At each level, the methods are organized with a deep network usage based taxonomy. The core idea, …

Group Self-Build Housing: A Bottom-Up Approach To Environmentally And Socially Sustainable Housing, Emma Elizabeth Heffernan, Pieter De Wilde

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In England, there is a longstanding and increasing undersupply of both affordable and open-market housing. Around three quarters of all new homes in the UK are currently built speculatively by the developer-led private housing sector. However, demand for self-build housing is growing. Concurrently, there is also a need to address the sustainability of homes, which represent 29% of final energy consumption in the UK. There is a clear imperative to develop business models within the construction sector in which both social and environmental sustainability are inherent. The aim of this paper is to explore professional and expert opinions on the …

A Semi-Analytic Valuation Of American Options Under A Two-State Regime-Switching Economy, Xiaoping Lu, Endah Putri

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In this study, we develop a semi-analytic method to evaluate American options under a two-state regime-switching economy. The two free boundaries corresponding to the states divide the pricing domain into two regions: a common continuation region and a transition region. Non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) systems are derived under the Black-Scholes framework for each region. The Laplace transform method is used to solve the PDE systems. Equations for determining the optimal exercise prices are obtained analytically and solved numerically in the Laplace space. A numerical inversion technique is then used to obtain the free boundaries and the option prices in …

Circular Hybrid Double-Skin Tubular Columns With A Stiffener-Reinforced Steel Inner Tube And A Large-Rupture-Strain Frp Outer Tube: Compressive Behavior, Le Huang, S S. Zhang, Tao Yu, K Peng

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A typical fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete-steel double-skin tubular column (DSTC) consists of an FRP outer tube, a hollow steel inner tube and an annular concrete in-fill in between. The existing studies on DSTCs in the past decade have generally confirmed the good structural performance of such column form, while it is worth noting that the possible in-ward buckling of the steel tubes in DSTCs is still a problem to be addressed, especially when DSTCs are subjected to large axial deformation. Against this background, a variation form of DSTCs called R-DSTCs has been recently developed by the authors. An R-DSTC is a …

Advances In Modelling Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization Using New Geant4-Dna Physics Models, Elette Engels, Samer Bakr, David Bolst, Dousatsu Sakata, Nan Li, Peter Lazarakis, Stephen Mcmahon, Vladimir Ivanchenko, Anatoly B. Rosenfeld, Sebastien Incerti, Ioanna Kyriakou, Dimitris Emfietzoglou, Michael L. F Lerch, Moeava Tehei, Stéphanie Corde, Susanna Guatelli

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Gold nanoparticles have demonstrated significant radiosensitization of cancer treatment with x-ray radiotherapy. To understand the mechanisms at the basis of nanoparticle radiosensitization, Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the dose enhancement, given a certain nanoparticle concentration and distribution in the biological medium. Earlier studies have ordinarily used condensed history physics models to predict nanoscale dose enhancement with nanoparticles. This study uses Geant4-DNA complemented with novel track structure physics models to accurately describe electron interactions in gold and to calculate the dose surrounding gold nanoparticle structures at nanoscale level. The computed dose in silico due to a clinical kilovoltage beam …

Four-Dimensional (Bio-)Printing: A Review On Stimuli-Responsive Mechanisms And Their Biomedical Suitability, Pedro Morouco, Bahareh Azimi, Mario Milazzo, Fatemeh Mokhtari, Cristiana Fernandes, Diana Reis, Serena Danti

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The applications of tissue engineered constructs have witnessed great advances in the last few years, as advanced fabrication techniques have enabled promising approaches to develop structures and devices for biomedical uses. (Bio-)printing, including both plain material and cell/material printing, offers remarkable advantages and versatility to produce multilateral and cell-laden tissue constructs; however, it has often revealed to be insufficient to fulfill clinical needs. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) (bio-)printing does not provide one critical element, fundamental to mimic native live tissues, i.e., the ability to change shape/properties with time to respond to microenvironmental stimuli in a personalized manner. This capability is in …

Clinical Utility Of Pressure Feedback To Socket Design And Fabrication, Lucy E. Armitage, Angela Buller, Ginu Rajan, Gangadhara Prusty, Anne Simmons, Lauren Kark

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Background:

The clinical utility of measuring pressure at the prosthetic socket-residual limb interface is currently unknown.

Objectives:

This study aimed to identify whether measuring interface pressure during prosthetic design and fabrication results in closer agreement in pressure measurements between sockets made by different clinicians, and a reduction in pressure over areas of concern. It also investigated whether clinicians value knowing the interface pressure during the fabrication process.

Study design:

Mixed methods.

Methods:

Three prosthetists designed a complete prosthetic system for a transtibial residual limb surrogate. Standardised mechanical testing was performed on each prosthetic system to gain pressure measurements at four …

Hygrothermal Performance Of Metal Wall Cladding Systems: Phase 1 Final Report, Alan Green, Paul Cooper

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A series of experiments and simulations have been conducted to investigate how natural (i.e. buoyancy and wind-driven) ventilation through cavities formed behind steel cladding can influence the thermal and hygric (i.e. moisture-related) performance of walls in Australia. Changes to the National Construction Code (NCC) in 2019 introduced requirements for the thermal resistance of cavities to be calculated using methods outlined in the new standard AS/NZS 4859.2:2018. These calculation methods reduce the nominal thermal resistance of such cavities significantly when they include openings for ventilation between the cavity and the outdoor air (Figure 1).

Choosing Subfields For Luov And Lifting Fields For Rainbow, Dung Hoang Duong, Le Van Luyen, Ha Tran

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019 Multivariate public key cryptography is one of the main candidates for post-quantum cryptography. Rainbow, an improved (multi-layer) version of unbalanced oil and vinegar (UOV), is one of the most famous multivariate signature schemes that is a promising candidate for NIST standardisation. At INDOCRYPT 2017, Beullens and Preneel introduced a new variant LUOV of UOV. Their idea is to generate a UOV scheme over the binary field L = F2 and then lift it into a bigger field K = F2r and hence dramatically reduce the public key size. In this study, the …

Susceptibility Artifact Correction For Sub-Millimeter Fmri Using Inverse Phase Encoding Registration And T1 Weighted Regularization, Soan Duong, Son Lam Phung, Abdesselam Bouzerdoum, Harriet Boyd Taylor, A Puckett, Mark M. Schira

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables non-invasive examination of both the structure and the function of the human brain. The prevalence of high spatial-resolution (sub-millimeter) fMRI has triggered new research on the intra-cortex, such as cortical columns and cortical layers. At present, echo-planar imaging (EPI) is used exclusively to acquire fMRI data; however, susceptibility artifacts are unavoidable. These distortions are especially severe in high spatial-resolution images and can lead to misrepresentation of brain function in fMRI experiments. New method: This paper presents a new method for correcting susceptibility artifacts by combining a T1-weighted (T1w) image …

Wearable Electronic Textiles From Nanostructured Piezoelectric Fibers, Fatemeh Mokhtari, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Cormac Fay, Zhenxiang Cheng, Raad Raad, Jiangtao Xi, Javad Foroughi

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Wearable energy harvesting is of practical interest for many years and for diverse applications, including development of self-powered wireless sensors within garments for human health monitoring. Herein, a novel approach is reported to create wearable energy generators and sensors using nanostructured hybrid piezoelectric fibers and exploiting the enormous variety of textile architectures. It is found that high performance hybrid piezofiber is obtained using a barium titanate (BT) nanoparticle and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with a mass ratio of 1:10. These fibers are knitted to form a wearable energy generator that produced a …

State Of The Art Of Solid-State Transformers: Advanced Topologies, Implementation Issues, Recent Progress And Improvements, Mahammad Hannan, Pin Ker, Molla Lipu, Zhen Choi, M Rahman, Kashem M. Muttaqi, Frede Blaabjerg

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© 2013 IEEE. Solid-state transformer (SST) is an emerging technology integrating with a transformer power electronics converters and control circuitry. This paper comprehensively reviews the SST topologies suitable for different voltage levels and with varied stages, their control operation, and different trends in applications. The paper discusses various SST configurations with their design and characteristics to convert the input to output under unipolar and bipolar operation. A comparison between the topologies, control operation and applications are included. Different control models and schemes are explained. Potential benefits of SST in many applications in terms of controllability and the synergy of AC …

The Energy Transformation Of Internal Erosion Based On Fluid-Particle Coupling, Thanh Trung Nguyen, Buddhima Indraratna

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The transformation of energy is an intrinsic process that is needed to trigger the internal erosion of soils subjected to a fluid flow, but how to capture this process is not understood very well. This is why this study aims to address these complex processes through a numerical fluid-particle coupling simulation. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to model fluid flows which is coupled with the discrete element method (DEM) employed to simulate soil particles. Detailed migration of particles and fluid variables are recorded to enable their kinetic energy to be computed. Successful experiments are …

Full-Scale Investigation Of Ferrous Dosing In Sewers And A Wastewater Treatment Plant For Multiple Benefits, Jagadeeshkumar Kulandaivelu, Sohan Shrestha, Wakib Khan, Jason Dwyer, Alan Steward, Leo Bell, Paul Mcphee, Peter Smith, Shihu Hu, Zhiguo Yuan, Guangming Jiang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd This study demonstrates the full scale application of iron dosing in a metropolitan wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the upstream sewer system for multiple benefits. Two different dosing locations, i.e., the WWTP inlet works (Trial-1) and upstream sewer network (Trial-2) were tested in this study. Both dosing trials achieved multiple benefits such as sulfide control, phosphate removal and improved sludge dewaterability. During Trial-1, a sulfide reduction of >90% was achieved at high dosing rates (>19 kgFe ML−1) of ferrous chloride in the inlet works and in Trial-2 the in-sewer ferrous dosing had significant gas phase …

Estimation Of Average Ejection Velocity Generated By Rib Burst Under Compression Load, Xiaohan Yang, Ting X. Ren, Lihai Tan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The ejection velocity associated with coal burst is an important parameter for support and protection structure design against coal ejection, as the support or protection design rationale is to dissipate or absorb the kinetic energy carried by ejected coal. This paper provides a novel method to estimate the average particle ejection velocity of rib burst based on the energy dissipation and coal fragmentation of coal brittle failure. This research shows that the scale of kinetic energy released by coal burst in underground roadways can reach over 107 J, which can offer ejected coal with an over 26 m/s initial velocity …