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Laryngeal Licensing And Syllable Well-Formedness In Quiegolani Zapotec, Cheryl A. Black

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

A number of the complex onset clusters allowed in Quiegolani Zapotec do not follow the Sonority Sequencing Generalization (Greenberg 1978, Selkirk 1984, etc). The distribution of the laryngeal features likewise does not follow the Laryngeal Constraint (Lombardi 1991, 1995a). These recalcitrant facts are analyzed here via a combination of language-specific rules and universal constraints ordered within a constraint hierarchy, which operates within a derivational phonology.

Front Matter For Sil-Und Work Papers Vol. 39 (1995)

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Of Parental Conflict And Parent-Child Relationship To The Sense Of Coherence Of Young Adult Children Of Divorce, Bruce K. Retterath

Theses and Dissertations

Early investigations of children and adolescents of divorce focused on the short-term negative influence of divorce on children and adolescents from "broken homes." Divorce is still seen as an important mediator in children's development, but other variables dealing with the family dynamics have been shown to be significant factors in the response of children to parental divorce. Few studies have considered the long-term influences of parental conflict and the parent-child relationship on young adults, and no studies have examined their relationship with the development of sense of coherence (SOC).

This study investigated the long-term relationship of parents' marital status, parental …

Who's Speaking Whose Language? A Study Of Contact Signing Between Deaf And Hearing Co-Workers, Marilyn K. Plumlee

Theses and Dissertations

This study documents signed communication between a deaf woman and five hearing co-workers who have worked together for periods ranging from two and a half to twenty-three years.

The study has two primary foci:

(1) to describe the linguistic features observed during contact signing between deaf and hearing interlocutors, all fluent in English, who communicate in a manual, visual channel, and

(2) to identify the dynamics affecting the linguistic choices made by both the hearing and deaf signers during contact signing.

The primary data base for this study were videotaped recordings of conversational dyads consisting of the deaf woman and …

Relative Clauses In Southern Uzbek, Benjamin Unseth

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the structure of both finite and nonfinite relative clauses in Southern Uzbek. As such, it represents the first linguistic analysis of a topic in Southern Uzbek published in English. English research on Standard Uzbek establishes the existence of nonfinite relative clauses but does not examine them thoroughly, nor does it even sketch Standard Uzbek's uncommon finite relative clauses. In Southern Uzbek, finite relative clauses are more common than in Standard Uzbek. This research is based on texts collected from three men from Andkhuy, Afghanistan, and on elicited sentences.

A few characteristics of Southern Uzbek's relative clauses emerge …

Duncan Energy V. Three Affiliated Tribes (1994), United States Court Of Appeals, Eighth Circuit

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This court case, decided on June 8, 1994, was the result of an appeal of an earlier decision made on September 28, 1992. This suit was initially filed by Duncan Energy (and others) who were operating oil and gas wells in the northeast quadrant of the Fort Berthold Reservation. They contended that the northeast quadrant of land was not part of the Reservation per the act of 1910 and as such they were not subject to taxation and employment ordinances set by the Three Affiliated Tribes. The 1992 ruling found that act of 1910 did not diminish the Reservation and …

Technical Corrections In Certain Indian Laws, United States Congress, Us House Of Representatives

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This United States (US) House report from the Committee on Natural Resources, dated April 19, 1994, was written to accompany US Senate Bill 1654 which proposed technical corrections to existing Indian laws. This report provides a background on US Senate Bill 1654 and proposes amendments. Among other corrections, the bill proposes to amend the White Earth Reservation Land Settlement Act of 1985 and to extend the allotted time for land transfers as written in the Three Affiliated Tribes and the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe Equitable Compensation Act. US Senate Bill 1654 became US Public Law 103-263 on May 31, 1994.

Seri Vowels And The Obligatory Contour Principle, Stephen A. Marlett, Mary B. Moser

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Vowel Length In Seri Possessed Nouns, Stephen A. Marlett, Mary B. Moser

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Nasalization In Huajuapan Mixtec, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

One Less Crazy Rule, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

An earlier description of Seri morphology contained a crazy metathesis rule. This rule is shown to be spurious, that what was thought to be one morpheme is actually the combination of two independently attested and previously described morphemes. The combination of the two has the illocutionary force of a hortative.

Dakota Sioux Objects, Thomas M. Pinson

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

This article is a study of certain syntactic and morphological processes in Dakota Sioux within the Relational Grammar framework. There are three main topics dealt with as they relate to verb agreement: advancements to direct object, Possessor Ascensions, and Clause Union. All three of these topics distinguish between direct objects, indirect objects and obliques.

Verb agreement is examined and shown to consist of two distinct systems: person agreement and number agreement. These two systems give empirical evidence to the support of the multilevel relational network of Unaccusative and Reflexive clauses. It is also shown that an analysis which posits advancements …

Front Matter For Sil-Und Work Papers Vol. 38 (1994)

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Switch Reference In Seri, Stephen A. Marlett, Mary B. Moser

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

Vowel Features In Madija, Patsy Adams Liclán, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

The Distribution And Properties Of Babole Prenasalized Segments, Myles Leitch

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

Babole, a Bantu language of Congo, has both voiced and voiceless prenasalized consonants. While the consonants of the voiced series have free distribution as segments, those of the voiceless series occur only stem-initially following a prefix. In the case of unprefixed imperatives, stem-initial voiceless prenasals drop the prenasalization. Adopting the ranked-constraint approach of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993), the paper shows that both the skewed distribution of voiced and voiceless prenasals, and the phenomenon of nasal-dropping follow from the intersection of three constraints. One constraint, ClusterVoi, reflects the grammar's preference for voiced prenasals. A second, ALIGN, insists that prefixes …

Writing, Teacher Training, And Grammar, Jim Meyer

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

In many English syntax courses aimed at future middle and high school teachers of English, we perpetuate grammar separated from any meaningful context. We ought instead to use the students' own writing as the basis for the syntactic analysis of English; this allows them to break out of the workbook mode of teaching and learning and encourages them to see syntax as a dynamic field of research.

Texmelucan Zapotec Verbs, Charles H. Speck

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

No abstract provided.

The Paragraph: Towards A Richer Understanding, Jim Meyer, Brendan Cooney

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

Paragraph analysis has typically proceeded by doing autopsies on polished final texts. In a fuller analysis, however, we must consider the choices the writer made before arriving at the final text. In this paper we examine a college student's paper, first examining an analysis based on vocabulary changes (Vocabulary Management Profile) and second referring to an interview with the writer about her paragraphing choices.

Nontonal Floating Features As Grammatical Morphemes, James S. Roberts

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

The concept of floating tones is no longer controversial in tonal analysis; important insights into the morphology of numerous tonal languages have relied on the positing of morphemes that are composed simply of prosodically unlicensed tones. Employing data from three of Africa's four major language families, this paper builds on this notion by recognizing the existence of nontonal floating features -- morphemes composed solely of phonological features that have no segmental support. The first example, from Kanembu (Nilo-Sarahan, Chad), shows that the [+ATR] feature is the sole marker of incompletive aspect in the verb. Again, in Mafa and Podoko (Chadic, …

The Existential Use Of Positional Verbs In Texmelucan Zapotec, Charles H. Speck

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

In Texmelucan Zapotec there is no single verb with just an existential meaning. Rather, eleven positional verbs cover the same range of meaning that one verb covers in other languages. Each of these eleven verbs may occur as predicate of the locative clause, the existential clause or the possessive clause, and none of them occur as predicate of the attributive clause or of the identifying clause. This article explores the syntax of clauses determined by these predicates and the semantic parameters by which the Zapotec speaker controls their use. The results are then compared with what is known about existential …

The Tapir: A Yanomami Text, Irma Thiele, Pierrette Ziegler-Birraux, Sandy Cue

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

A traditional Yanomami story is presented with interlinear glosses and free translation. The text relates the characteristics of three animals: the tapir, the squirrel, and the sloth.

Interrogatives In Yanomám, Richard A. Thiele

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a general linguistic description of yes-no and information questions in Yanomám (a member of the Yanomami language family of Brazil and Venezuela) in the descriptive/typological tradition, including morphosyntax and semantics, appropriate responses, certain discourse-pragmatic conditions of their use (such as bias and focus), and intonation patterns.

Some things in the Yanomám language that are typologically unusual are an information question system that utilizes just one interrogative word, interaction of temporal-evidential particles with questions, and the occurrence of hortative constructions in questions.

My sources of information include the limited published works and articles on the language, previously unpublished …

The Great Tone Split And Central Karen, William G. Kauffman

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a comparative reconstruction of the tones and initial consonants of Proto-Central Karen based on the languages Eastern Kayah, Western Kayah, Geba, and Padaung. Other Karen languages are referred to but not studied to the same detail.

The study focuses on the great tone split that affected nearly all the languages of Southeast Asia, including Central Karen. I show that an understanding of the great tone split is crucial if one is to discover the phonological characteristics of Proto-Central Karen syllable-initial consonants.

In agreement with Haudricourt's (1946) analysis of Proto-Karen, I conclude that Proto-Central Karen had three proto-tones …

Imyan Tehit Phonology, Ronald Gerhard Hesse

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is a description of the phonology of Imyan Tehit, a West Papuan language of Irian Jaya, Indonesia, couched in the framework of templatic syllable theory espoused by Junko Itô. It is based on 18 months (1989-1991) of linguistic fieldwork, in which the author and his family lived among the Tehit of Haha village, learning their language and culture.

Imyan Tehit has a maximal syllable template [CCVVC], obligatory onsets except word-initially, and a rare liquid coda. Syllable onset, nucleus, and coda are shown to be equally autonomous sub-syllabic structures. If they are complex or branching, they attract syllable stress. …

Making Certain Technical Corrections, United States Congress, Us Senate

US Government Documents related to Indigenous Nations

This report from the United States (US) Senate Committee on Indian Affairs dated November 19, 1993, was written to accompany US Senate Bill 1654 which proposes technical corrections to Indian laws. The report specifies that US Senate Bill 1654 proposes to extend the deadline for the sale of lands to their former owners (per the specifications of US Public Law 102-575 which contains the “Three Affiliated Tribes and Standing Rock Sioux Tribe Equitable Compensation Act”). US Senate Bill 1654 became US Public Law 103-263 on May 31, 1994.

A Grammar Sketch Of Dəməna, Cindy S. Williams

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis provides a description of the morphology and syntax of Dəməna, a Chibchan language of northern Colombia. Dəməna is an SOV language with postpositions and genitive-nominal, noun-adjective word orders.

Unusual features of Dəməna include: case marking suffixes which occur as phrasal affixes, a fusion of person marking and deixis in verbal suffixes, and interaction of temporal and special deixis on question suffixes.

Dəməna exhibits more agreement than would be expected. Causative constructions may contain two different direct object person agreement prefixes side by side on a single verb. In cases of advancement to direct object, the same argument may …

Quiegolani Zapotec Phonology, Susan Regnier

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Quiegolani Zapotec (henceforth QZ) words contain initial consonant clusters of two or even three consonants and most of these consonant clusters show a decreasing slope of sonority. This violates sonority constraints proposed by Greenberg in 1978 and further discussed by Bell and Saka (1983). This, however, is understandable when viewed from a diachronic perspective. This will be discussed in section 6.4.

"Further, QZ, like most Zapotec languages, has a lenis-fortis distinction among some of its consonants. However, this distinction is less clear in QZ than in other Zapotec languages and carries a lower functional load."

Role And Reference Grammar, Robert D. Van Valin Jr.

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (Van Valin 1993a) may be termed a "structural-functionalist theory of grammar"; this locates it on a range of perspectives from extreme formalist at one end to radical functionalist at the other. RRG falls between these two extremes, differing markedly from each. In contrast to the extreme formalist view, RRG views language as a system of communicative social action, and consequently, analyzing the communicative functions of morphosyntactic structures has a vital role in grammatical description and theory from this perspective. Language is a system, and grammar is a system in the traditional structuralist …

Goals And Indirect Objects In Seri, Stephen A. Marlett

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

From the introduction: "A significant group of Seri verbs display a sensitivity to whether a Goal is singular or plural. (I use the term 'Goal' as a cover term for 'Recipients', 'Addressees', etc.) A verb such as [...] 'give', for example, has the subcategorization frame [1 3/Sg]; that is, it accepts only a subject and an indirect object, and the indirect object must be singular. With such verbs, if the Goal is plural, it must appear as a relational noun phrase (an Oblique).

"The data which appear in this paper of typological interest. I argue that Seri has Indirect Objects, …