Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

What’S With All The “Hype?”: Racial Discrimination, Racial Identity, Racial Socialization, And Hypermasculinity Among African American Adolescent Males, Christina M.B. Jordan

Theses and Dissertations--Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology

Experiences tied to individual and institutional racism have a long and persistent history of impacting the livelihood of African American people. Some theorists and researchers have argued that African American males have adopted masculine identities that emerged as coping responses to their experiences with racism and oppression (Cunningham, Swanson, & Hayes, 2013; Franklin, 2004; Majors & Bilson, 1992; Spencer, 1995). Younger males, are increasingly demonstrating an exaggerated form of masculinity (hypermasculinity) in response to their environments, particularly those in urban communities, as a coping response (Spencer, Fegley, Harpalani, & Seaton, 2004). The degree to which racial discrimination is related to …