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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Diversity Of Gay Identity And Gender Expression On Social Media, Nadissa Fadhila Aug 2022

Diversity Of Gay Identity And Gender Expression On Social Media, Nadissa Fadhila

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to provide perspective on being a gay in Indonesia and his point of view on how he tries to express his diverse identities through social media Instagram. Also, how he tries to be unattached from the negative profiling and imagery of being a gay that exists in society in Indonesia. The focus of this research is the practice of posting and uploading content on Instagram from Magistus Miftah, an Indonesian fashion designer. This research is qualitative research with descriptive design and social semiotics analysis. This research concludes that the gender expression that Magistus Miftah …


Data Industrialization: Between Datafication Commodification, And Digital Infrastructure, Muhammad Nur Aug 2022

Data Industrialization: Between Datafication Commodification, And Digital Infrastructure, Muhammad Nur

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Data is a new oil because in the development of industry and communication technology, digital data can be an important thing that can be produced, distributed, and consumed, or commodified. Every digital data can be obtained from every side of everyday human life so that datafication becomes something commonplace today. On the other hand, the role of digital infrastructure both physical and non-physical as supporting the operation of the internet and the development of industry and communication technology and Data Industrialization cannot be denied. Even the DC/server is used to gain profit for the company itself. This article tries to …


Audiobook Industry: Reading By Using Ear In The Digital Age, Neli Elislah, Irwansyah Irwansyah Aug 2022

Audiobook Industry: Reading By Using Ear In The Digital Age, Neli Elislah, Irwansyah Irwansyah

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

As a medium for reading books through audio formats, digital audiobook are experiencing significant growth in popularity with a more diverse audience than ever before during the COVID-19 pandemic. Book publishers have begun to evolve to consider publishing books in audio format, in addition, the presence of audiobook on various alternative platforms based on streaming and subscription offers convenience to read a book. This study aims to survey the development of audiobook in the current digital era, especially in Indonesia with the presence of streaming and subscription media platforms. Furthermore, by reassessing the concept of reading books in the digital …


Social Media As A Counter Space For The Motherhood Community In Creating Counter-Hegemony, Ardhani Indranila Aug 2022

Social Media As A Counter Space For The Motherhood Community In Creating Counter-Hegemony, Ardhani Indranila

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

This article explores how the emergence of the online community of motherhood on social media can become a medium of counter-hegemony against the discourse of motherhood. The concept of “ibuism” as a picture of an ideal mother’s parenting form in Indonesia is justified as the standard of a “good mother” that has been socially constructed for a long time. The dominant discourse has been internalized from generation to generation by Indonesian women. However, this discourse negates other narratives that are important for women. Therefore, the online motherhood community on social media emerged to overcome these challenges and mobilize women to …


Critical Discourse Analysis Of Mgdalenaf’S Choices On Msmes During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nunik Hariyanti, Fitrinanda An Nur, Rifdah Ghinah Nabilah Aug 2022

Critical Discourse Analysis Of Mgdalenaf’S Choices On Msmes During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nunik Hariyanti, Fitrinanda An Nur, Rifdah Ghinah Nabilah

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

This study focuses on how the discourse on helping Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during the Covid-19 pandemic is shown on the food vlogger Mgdalenaf. MSMEs are in the spotlight because they are an important sector in the Indonesian economy that has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the Indonesian food vloggers with almost 4 million followers on the YouTube channel; since the end of 2020, Mgdalenaf has broadcast programs to help MSMEs in the Jabodetabek area. In 2021, Mgdalenaf and the team were trying to reach a wider range of MSMEs affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic …


The Negotiation Of Muslimah Identity In Hijab Cosplay Phenomenon, Hilda Balqis Hasba Aug 2022

The Negotiation Of Muslimah Identity In Hijab Cosplay Phenomenon, Hilda Balqis Hasba

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

The identity of Muslimah is often associated with the idea of using hijab as a form of obedience to religion. This research examines the experiences of hijab women who use cosplay culture to represent their talents and creativity by creating a new culture. This research uses circuit of culture theory by Paul du Gay and Stuart Hall to analyze hijab cosplayers’ experiences in making hijab cosplay. The method used in this research is the qualitative research method and photo study technique to collect the data. This research shows that the process of creating hijab cosplay passes through identity, production, consumption, …


“It Is Not Out There, And It’S In Here”: The Challengingand Duality Perspective Of Teaching Gender In Journalism And Media Studies In Private Universities, Fitria Angeliqa, Lestari Nurhajati Mar 2022

“It Is Not Out There, And It’S In Here”: The Challengingand Duality Perspective Of Teaching Gender In Journalism And Media Studies In Private Universities, Fitria Angeliqa, Lestari Nurhajati

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

This study aimed to determine challenges of teaching gender in journalism and media studies courses on various campuses in Jakarta, Indonesia. The ‘otherness’ is still ghosting the lecturer, where the duality is a must to create comprehension on gender topics. It is essential because teaching the gender issue in communication study programs in Indonesia does not reflect a lot on women’s experiences. The theory of gender pedagogy is the basis of this study. Meanwhile, the duality perspective serves as its framework. Gender pedagogy is not just a tool, strategy, or practical technique for understanding gender teaching in education. Teaching gender …


Hoax And Paradox Of Digital Public Sphere, Wisnu Prasetya Utomo Mar 2022

Hoax And Paradox Of Digital Public Sphere, Wisnu Prasetya Utomo

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Along with technological development, social media have brought various problems which have not been thought of before. Various public conversations are mediated in a space which initially was idealised as an equal and free space. However, multiple indicators indicate that the digital public sphere is vulnerable to hoaxes and fake news. This essay discusses the rise of hoax spreading groups in Indonesia and applied several cases to look back at the public sphere concept in the digital era. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, media sosial telah membawa berbagai masalah yang belum terpikirkan sebelumnya. Berbagai percakapan publik dimediasi di ruang yang awalnya …


The Ideology Of Racism In Contemporary Hollywoodfilms On Netflix: A Case Study On“All The Boys I’Ve Loved Before” Movie, Rizki Briandana, Rustono Farady Marta, Rohana Mijan, Eka Perwitasari Fauzi Mar 2022

The Ideology Of Racism In Contemporary Hollywoodfilms On Netflix: A Case Study On“All The Boys I’Ve Loved Before” Movie, Rizki Briandana, Rustono Farady Marta, Rohana Mijan, Eka Perwitasari Fauzi

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

This study aims to analyse the ideology of racism in Hollywood films shown on Netflix. To All the Boys I’ve Loved Before is a film based on a New York Times Best Seller novel. Initially, this film had some drawbacks because almost all production houses refused to keep an Asian face as the main character in accordance with the novel. The concept of ideology in the film refers to the concept proposed by John Storey. That ideology is an ideal form of image which aims to attract attention through methods, such as those used in texts, including films as mass …


The Ultimate Traditional Wedding Ceremony:Accommodating Generation Gap Of Javanese Familyin Celebrating Nostalgic Moment, Bhernadetta Pravita Wahyuningtyas, Donna Asteria, Sunarto Sunarto Mar 2022

The Ultimate Traditional Wedding Ceremony:Accommodating Generation Gap Of Javanese Familyin Celebrating Nostalgic Moment, Bhernadetta Pravita Wahyuningtyas, Donna Asteria, Sunarto Sunarto

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Traditional wedding ceremony legacy helps people to understand their own history, traditions and family better. Marriage is considered as one of the important stages in human life, for a new family will be formed as the next generation in the family. It is also necessary to hold a traditional wedding ceremony since it is the very first beginning to entering the next level of the life cycles for Javanese people. Traditional wedding ceremony is still popular over generations whilst it actually lives and remains amongst the society and becomes valuable cultural experience for the people. People not only celebrate the …


Policy Directives And Problem Mapping:Systematic Literature Review Ofpublic Service Media Policy Studies, Rahayu Rahayu, Agne Yasa, Tri Kurnia Revul Andina, Mira Ardhya Paramastri Mar 2022

Policy Directives And Problem Mapping:Systematic Literature Review Ofpublic Service Media Policy Studies, Rahayu Rahayu, Agne Yasa, Tri Kurnia Revul Andina, Mira Ardhya Paramastri

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

This article aimed to map the themes of Public Service Media (PSM) studies, definitions, competition of interests, positions, and policy directives. Changes in the digital media sector have changed the characteristic of Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) into those of PSM. This change in character has led to a polemic on the relevance of PSB’s role and debates over media policies and regulations in a number of countries. Through a systematic study of literature, this research examined 62 journal articles related to media public service policies from 2003 to 2011. The search and selection of articles adapted the stages of the …


A Communication Strategy Of Support Providers In Providing Supports For Sexual Violence Victims, Desideria Lumongga Dwihadiah, Alya Hadijah Stephanie Mar 2022

A Communication Strategy Of Support Providers In Providing Supports For Sexual Violence Victims, Desideria Lumongga Dwihadiah, Alya Hadijah Stephanie

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Sexual violence is a big problem in society, because the negative impact on the victim causes prolonged suffering. Assistance for victims is carried out at the individual, group and institutional levels, both formal and informal. They act as support providers for sexual violence victims. Support providers often experience difficulties because victims find it difficult to open up due to the trauma they have experienced. A strategy to communicate is necessary, so the providers can well provide supports and assistances to victims. This study wanted to explore communication strategies used by support providers in dealing with and helping sexual violence victims. …


Donald Trump’S Securitizing Speech Acts And Theunited States Maximum-Pressure Strategy Towardsnorth Korea In 2017, Nida Rubini, Yandry Kurniawan Aug 2021

Donald Trump’S Securitizing Speech Acts And Theunited States Maximum-Pressure Strategy Towardsnorth Korea In 2017, Nida Rubini, Yandry Kurniawan

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Intersubjective process of international communication may shape security issue which requires extraordinary policy. This article aimed to analyze how speech acts of a country leader securitize an issue and result in an extraordinary or distinct foreign policy. Donald Trump, the 45th President of the United States of America, demonstrated his blunt talkativeness through social media and formal speech acts, including on the North Korean nuclear issue during his presidency term. Despite of the regular focus placement of North Korea’s nuclear in the United States’ foreign policy since the 1990s, Trump leaves the issue during his campaign. Nevertheless, in 2017, the …


Performance On Digital Dramaturgy Regionin Simultaneous Video Conferences, Nurul Robbi Sepang, Sari Monik Agustin Aug 2021

Performance On Digital Dramaturgy Regionin Simultaneous Video Conferences, Nurul Robbi Sepang, Sari Monik Agustin

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Pandemic has forced us to work and learn from home. Data shows a significant increase in internet usage during the pandemic. People have longer working time, online meetings and sometimes they have to do several meetings at the same time (simultaneously). Then, how do you make a presentation when it has to be fragmented? This paper aimed to identify how you perform digital dramaturgy through simultaneous video conference. The frame of reference was built using Goffman’s Dramaturgy and Mead’s Self. The study was carried out under the construction paradigm and data were collected from observations and interviews with educators who …


Public Participation Through Digital Media As A Formof Patriotism During The Pandemic In Indonesia, Dewi Kartika Sari Aug 2021

Public Participation Through Digital Media As A Formof Patriotism During The Pandemic In Indonesia, Dewi Kartika Sari

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

The global development of social media creates public participation, including during the pandemic. In Indonesia, public participation by digital media occurred and developed through the ‘Warga Bantu Warga’ [Support Each Other] project, the ‘Urun Daya Covid’ [Covid Crowdsource] initiative, and the ‘Bagi Rata’ [Cross Subsidization] initiative. People engage in a sense of solidarity among relatives, friends, neighbors, even with strangers they do not know. This study aimed to explain forms of public participation using digital media where patriotism could be observed in citizens’ activities. Public participation and aspects of patriotism are the concepts used in this study. The research applied …


Third-Person Perception As A Mediator Of The Influence Of Social Networking Sites Use And Personal Relevance To Preventive Behavioural Intention, Joseph Edwin, Ummi Salamah Aug 2021

Third-Person Perception As A Mediator Of The Influence Of Social Networking Sites Use And Personal Relevance To Preventive Behavioural Intention, Joseph Edwin, Ummi Salamah

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

News coverage on Covid-19 is important as it provides people with important updates as well as crucial information for avoiding infection. Previous studies have shown undesirable messages such as Covid-19 news that circulates in social networking sites can trigger ‘third-person perception (TPP)’, which is a phenomenon in which audiences presume a message exerts more influence upon people other than themselves. It is crucial to examine whether audiences experience TPP during consumption of pandemic news – especially when there is a possible negative correlation between TPP and protective behavioural intentions. Previous studies showed empirical evidence when users used Covid-19 news in …


The Circular Model Of Some In Instagram Management(Case Study: Forum Human Capital Indonesia), Jessica Lea Alexander, Dini Safitri, Wiratri Anindhita Aug 2021

The Circular Model Of Some In Instagram Management(Case Study: Forum Human Capital Indonesia), Jessica Lea Alexander, Dini Safitri, Wiratri Anindhita

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

The social media is used by companies or organizations to carry out communication activities, such as publication, public relations, promotions, etc. The purpose of this study is to describe the management of Instagram @fhci.bumn by the Forum Human Capital Indonesia’s communication team. The management of such account was studied through The Circular Model of Some. This descriptive research applied a qualitative approach. This study used a non-probability sampling technique by considering the subjectivity of the informants related to the research. In this study, data collection methods were applied, such as in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. This study concluded that: In …


The Cross-Generations Response Of Indonesian Muslimsto Ideological Issues In Online Media, Widodo Agus Setianto Aug 2021

The Cross-Generations Response Of Indonesian Muslimsto Ideological Issues In Online Media, Widodo Agus Setianto

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

This study aimed to provide an overview of the Muslims’ responses across generations to ideological issues related to Communism, LGBT and radical Islam in online media. The response to ideological issues by the Moslems is important because Islam is the majority religion in Indonesia. The responses from Muslims to the issues of Communism, LGBT, and radical Islam will determine the continuity of the Islam in Indonesia. The theories applied in this study were theory of the media role as agents of production, reproduction and distribution of knowledge to society; media influence mechanisms; and reception theory about the audience’s response to …


Framing The Interpersonal Communication Of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Underwent Hemodialysis With Their Partners On Sexual Dysfunction, Andria Saptyasari Mar 2021

Framing The Interpersonal Communication Of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Underwent Hemodialysis With Their Partners On Sexual Dysfunction, Andria Saptyasari

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

This study elaborates on how patients with chronic kidney disease and their partners provide stimulation and response to sexual dysfunction problems using the relationship framing theory. Previous research has shown that 20-30% of patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis experience sexual dysfunction. This study assumes that sexual dysfunction can lead to decreased sexual desire, commitment, and proximity between patients and their partners which impact their interpersonal communication. This study is interpretive qualitative research which applied an in-depth interview method. Relationship framing theory was used to explore the content dimensions related to the topics of passion, commitment, and …


Relationship Between Social Media Exposure And Adolescents’ Knowledge, Attitude And Behaviour To Hiv/Aids Prevention, Monica Yusnita Mar 2021

Relationship Between Social Media Exposure And Adolescents’ Knowledge, Attitude And Behaviour To Hiv/Aids Prevention, Monica Yusnita

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the exposure level to HIV/AIDS information on social media and the knowledge level, attitude and behaviour in preventing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission among adolescents. The research applieds a quantitative approach, survey techniques, descriptive statistical analysis and Partial-least Square Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. The samples in this study were 375 Bongas teenagers aged 13-24 years old who accessed the @sobat repro social media account. The results of the study show that most teenagers get high exposure to social media. Bongas teenagers have a good level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and …


Digital Victim: Castellian Perspective On Education In Rural Indonesia, Rina Juwita, Silviana Purwanti, Ainun Nimatu Rohmah Mar 2021

Digital Victim: Castellian Perspective On Education In Rural Indonesia, Rina Juwita, Silviana Purwanti, Ainun Nimatu Rohmah

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Covid-19 has presented a new set of challenges in every area; higher education is one of them. The pandemic has resulted in a shift in teaching and learning communication methods, creating a new structure for digital-based education. This study investigates this phenomenon through the perspective of Castells’ Network Society Theory to see the relational capacity of education in rural Indonesia. In his view, Castells summarized a distinctive concept between the flow of time and space in a networked society. The current space deals specifically with the center of social organization today where places around the world have been connected in …


Health Communication In Mitigating The Risk Of Physician And Controlling Covid-19 Outbreaks: A Qualitative Study On Emergency Department’S General Practitioners, Hanif Prahita Pramana, Sri Hastjarjo, Sudarmo Sudarmo Mar 2021

Health Communication In Mitigating The Risk Of Physician And Controlling Covid-19 Outbreaks: A Qualitative Study On Emergency Department’S General Practitioners, Hanif Prahita Pramana, Sri Hastjarjo, Sudarmo Sudarmo

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

As the front line of detection of patients infected with Covid-19, doctors have a high risk of transmission. However, doctors’ ability to provide proper communication with a unique medical interview process and persuasion of health context is needed. Patients can be open and honest about the illness symptoms and get the required information as prevention. This study aimed to determine doctor-patient communication changes and how information can reduce doctors’ risks of infection. Then, this research also aimed to know how the information from health communication to patients and their families can increase awareness toward the outbreak, change patients’ behavior, and …


The Impact Of Perception Of Public Relations On The Fintech Lending Customer Loyalty, Kevin Zaprilan Lovis Mar 2021

The Impact Of Perception Of Public Relations On The Fintech Lending Customer Loyalty, Kevin Zaprilan Lovis

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Brand image and customer trust are important to establish customer loyalty. In this era of intense business competition, it is important to pay attention to customer loyalty. Many things can be done to build customer loyalty, including managing a good brand image and maintaining customer trust in the company through communication efforts from public relations to form a good perception of public relations. Specifically for the fintech lending industry which is engaged in finance and technology, image and trust are two important things that also need to be considered to gain customer loyalty. This study aimed to measure the direct …


Millenial Mothers’ Digital Literacy Regarding Child Disease And Health Issues, Choirunnisak Fauziati Mar 2021

Millenial Mothers’ Digital Literacy Regarding Child Disease And Health Issues, Choirunnisak Fauziati

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

It is important for millennial mothers to have digital literacy. Millenials are known to have a tight relationship with digital media. Rather than fathers, mothers more often look for any information on child health issues. The study aimed to dig around mothers’ digital literacy practice which they did to obtain information from various online media, and also further understand the mothers’ comprehension on child disease and health issues. This qualitative research applied the post-positivitist paradigm with digital ethnographic method. The study suggests that Gilster’s (1997) digital literacy phases may be added by information sharing phase. This research also added understanding …


“Be Careful And Don’T Forget To Pray”: Indonesian Female Journalists’ Protocol In Dealing With Harassments, Aderia Aderia Jul 2020

“Be Careful And Don’T Forget To Pray”: Indonesian Female Journalists’ Protocol In Dealing With Harassments, Aderia Aderia

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Female journalists’ safety is a long ignored and forgotten thing in Indonesian journalism. It has been ignored even by the female journalists themselves. They took the safety issues as a job risk and as the things they have to face regularly. Many female journalists, even the experienced ones, tend to take harassments or violence for granted. In addition, most of Indonesian female journalists even blamed themselves for being a victim. This paper is a research study which aims to figure out how Indonesian female journalists perceived the safety issues, challenges they have to face in the field, and challenges for …


Communication Between Husband And Wife In Negotiating A Parenting Role For Their Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd), Andria Saptyasari Jul 2020

Communication Between Husband And Wife In Negotiating A Parenting Role For Their Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd), Andria Saptyasari

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Families that have children with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) were vulnerable in terms of financial, emotional, energy, and time that causes tension between husbands and wives as parents in caring for their children with ASD. The main purpose of this study is to elaborateon the communication used by married heterosexual couples in negotiating a parenting role related to financial, emotional, energy, and time problems for their child with ASD by using relational dialectical theory. The data collection method used interviews. The participants’ selection used snowball. The participants consisted of three married heterosexual couples with three different ages of children with …


Factors Influencing Youth Audience Involvement (A Study On Bts Fans Who Follow @Army_Indonesia Instagram Account), Yolanda Gloria Hutauruk, Ummi Salamah Jul 2020

Factors Influencing Youth Audience Involvement (A Study On Bts Fans Who Follow @Army_Indonesia Instagram Account), Yolanda Gloria Hutauruk, Ummi Salamah

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Beberapa tahun belakangan ini, K-Pop menjadi suatu fenomena yang menarik perhatian banyak orang. Dengan dibantu oleh keberadaan media sosial, penggemar K-Pop mengambil peran peningkatan popularitas dari K-Pop itu sendiri serta perkembangannya menjadi suatu industri yang besar. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlibatan audiens dari penggemar grup idola BTS remaja di media sosial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa survei daring menggunakan Survey UI. Jumlah responden penelitian ini adalah 131 responden, yang didasari oleh oleh teknik random sampling. Dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda, didapatkan hasil bahwa keterlibatan audiens penggemar BTS remaja di media …


“I Sometimes Have Doubts About The News On Facebook”: Adolescents’ Encounters With Fake News On The Internet, Joyce Vissenberg, Leen D’Haenens Jul 2020

“I Sometimes Have Doubts About The News On Facebook”: Adolescents’ Encounters With Fake News On The Internet, Joyce Vissenberg, Leen D’Haenens

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

Fake news is increasingly present on the internet and on social media, and youths, who mainly follow the news on these platforms, are at risk of being misinformed and deceived. This study aims to serve as an important knowledge base about adolescents’ definitions of, experiences with, and opinions about fake news on the internet. A qualitative content analysis of open-ended survey responses regarding experiences with fake news online among 214 Flemish youths (aged 15 to 19) provides insight into the sources of fake news, the topics covered in fake news, and the characteristics of fake news according to these youths. …


Selecting Information Sources In Times Of Crisis, Andi Amiratania Bastari Jul 2020

Selecting Information Sources In Times Of Crisis, Andi Amiratania Bastari

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

The Indonesian government has employed communication strategies such as leveraging new media and big data to provide its citizens with information during the Covid-19 global pandemic. Previous research has shown that these are some tools that were used by digital PR practitioners during a crisis. However, it is said that research on usage of new media has been focused on the organizational perspective. This article conducted an exploratory study on how and why users select certain forms of new media to search for information. An in-depth interview with three informants was done to gain a societal perspective. Uses and gratifications …


Chatbots And Government Communications In Covid-19 Pandemic, Ika Meilani Untari Jul 2020

Chatbots And Government Communications In Covid-19 Pandemic, Ika Meilani Untari

Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia

COVID-19 has forced the world to change. Indonesian government, like the rest of the global community, promptly responded to the soaring transmission rate by launching an app to cater the Indonesians’ need for information. COVID19 GO.ID was launched on March 20, 2020, adding to previous chatbots built by WHO and afterwards followed by GOV UK. Using casestudies method and comparing it to the four unique affordances of chatbot, this study wasconducted to com pare the three chatbots, and thus achieve a valuable information to improve Indonesia’s chatbot under the Media Richness Theory. Indonesian government chatbot needs to add more engaging …