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Articles 391 - 420 of 937

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Introduction To Deliberation, Democracy, And Civic Forums: Improving Equality And Publicity, Chad Raphael, Christopher F. Karpowitz Jan 2014

Introduction To Deliberation, Democracy, And Civic Forums: Improving Equality And Publicity, Chad Raphael, Christopher F. Karpowitz

Communication

Innovative forums that integrate citizen deliberation into policy making are revitalizing democracy in many places around the world. Yet controversy abounds over whether these forums ought to be seen as authentic sources of public opinion and how they should fit with existing political institutions. How can civic forums include less powerful citizens and ensure that their perspectives are heard on equal terms with more privileged citizens, officials, and policy experts? How can these fragile institutions communicate citizens' policy preferences effectively and legitimately to the rest of the political system? Deliberation, Democracy, and Civic Forums proposes creative solutions for improving equality …

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Hegel And The Failure Of Civil Society, Philip J. Kain Jan 2014

Hegel And The Failure Of Civil Society, Philip J. Kain

Philosophy

On what might be called a Marxist reading, Hegel’s analysis of civil society accurately recognizes a necessary tendency toward a polarization of classes and the pauperization of the proletariat, a problem for which Hegel, however, has no solution. Indeed, Marxists think there can be no solution short of eliminating civil society. It is not at all clear that this standard reading is correct. The present paper tries to show how it is plausible to understand Hegel as proposing a solution, one that is similar to that of social democrats, and one that could actually work.

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Health Inequality, Sarah A. Burgard, Molly M. King Jan 2014

Health Inequality, Sarah A. Burgard, Molly M. King

Sociology

There are many reasons why poverty matters, but it is especially troubling that it affects such fundamental outcomes as health and access to health care. If poverty did not bring about all manner of health risks, we would likely be somewhat less troubled by it. But of course poverty and other forms of social and economic disadvantage do often translate into deficits in health and health care. The purpose of this brief is to examine long-term trends in American health and to lay out the current state of evidence on the extent to which health and health care are unequally …

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Latinas And Electoral Politics: Expanding Participation And Power In State And National Elections, Anna Sampaio Dec 2013

Latinas And Electoral Politics: Expanding Participation And Power In State And National Elections, Anna Sampaio

Ethnic Studies

Latina and Latino political participation in the 2012 election reached new heights, proving to be a significant factor in the electoral outcomes of several battleground states and ultimately the reelection of President Obama. Both Latinas and Latinos played pivotal roles in the 2012 election, increasing their share of the national electorate and their support for President Obama over 2008 election levels. In the end, President Obama received 71 percent of the Latina/o vote (compared with 27 percent for Mitt Romney), surpassing all previous presidential candidates with the exception of Bill Clinton, who garnered 72 percent of the Latina/o vote in …

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The Santa Clara, 2013-11-14, Santa Clara University Nov 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-11-14, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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The Santa Clara, 2013-11-07, Santa Clara University Nov 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-11-07, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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Food Sovereignty: An Alternative Paradigm For Poverty Reduction And Biodiversity Conservation In Latin America, M Jahi Chappell, Hannah Wittman, Christopher M. Bacon, Bruce G. Ferguson, Luis García Barrios, Raúl García Barrios, Daniel Jaffee, Jefferson Lima, V. Ernesto Méndez,, Helda Morales, Lorena Soto-Pinto, John Vandermeer, Ivette Perfecto Nov 2013

Food Sovereignty: An Alternative Paradigm For Poverty Reduction And Biodiversity Conservation In Latin America, M Jahi Chappell, Hannah Wittman, Christopher M. Bacon, Bruce G. Ferguson, Luis García Barrios, Raúl García Barrios, Daniel Jaffee, Jefferson Lima, V. Ernesto Méndez,, Helda Morales, Lorena Soto-Pinto, John Vandermeer, Ivette Perfecto

Environmental Studies and Sciences

Strong feedback between global biodiversity loss and persistent, extreme rural poverty are major challenges in the face of concurrent food, energy, and environmental crises. This paper examines the role of industrial agricultural intensification and market integration as exogenous socio-ecological drivers of biodiversity loss and poverty traps in Latin America. We then analyze the potential of a food sovereignty framework, based on protecting the viability of a diverse agroecological matrix while supporting rural livelihoods and global food production. We review several successful examples of this approach, including ecological land reform in Brazil, agroforestry, milpa, and the uses of wild varieties in …

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Introduction To Empowered Partnerships: Community-Based Participatory Action Research For Environmental Justice, Christopher M. Bacon, Saneta Devuono-Powell, Mary Louise Frampton, Tony Lopresti, Camille Pannu Nov 2013

Introduction To Empowered Partnerships: Community-Based Participatory Action Research For Environmental Justice, Christopher M. Bacon, Saneta Devuono-Powell, Mary Louise Frampton, Tony Lopresti, Camille Pannu

Environmental Studies and Sciences

This article introduces a special section on empowered partnerships that deepens a dialogue initiated during the 2010 symposium titled EmPowered Partnerships: Community-Based Participatory Action Research for Environmental Justice. The articles in this section will be divided between issues 1 and 2 of the Journal. After briefly reviewing the definitions and the steps associated with community-based participatory action research (CBPAR), we identify the synergies connecting the underlying principles and values of the environmental justice (EJ) movement and CBPAR. The principles-based comparison is part of an ongoing effort to craft a framework that produces research partnerships that are simultaneously more responsive to …

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Distancing The Past: New Forms Of Discomfort With Aids In The U.S, John C. Hawley Nov 2013

Distancing The Past: New Forms Of Discomfort With Aids In The U.S, John C. Hawley

English

In his Introduction to this collection, Gustavo Subero makes reference to the AIDS Quilt, a reference made especially significant since the year 2012 marked its 25th anniversary. The whole quilt had been last displayed in 1996; in the summer of 2012, 8.000 panels were rotated each day in the National Mall in Washington, DC. The quilt, composed of thousands of 3’ x 6’ panels (intentionally the size of a human grave), currently consists of over 48.000 panels honoring more than 94.000 individuals who have died of AIDS. In the early days of the quilt, in the 1980s and 1990s, the …

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The Santa Clara, 2013-10-31, Santa Clara University Oct 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-10-31, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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Creating Oa Engagement: Peer-Reviewed Student Journals, Thomas Farrell, Michal Strutin, Christa Bailey Oct 2013

Creating Oa Engagement: Peer-Reviewed Student Journals, Thomas Farrell, Michal Strutin, Christa Bailey

Staff publications, research, and presentations

Interest in student peer-reviewed open-access journals is beginning to grow. Our presentation will explore what it takes to produce such a journal and what it delivers in terms of student experience. We begin with an overview of the value of student research. We will also address student involvement in the Scholarly Communication process, as presented in ACRL's publication Intersections of Scholarly Communication and Information Literacy. We will look at three OA peer-reviewed student journals: Illinois Wesleyan University's Undergraduate Economic Review, Macalester College's Tapestries: Interwoven Voices of Local and Global Identities, and Indiana University's Illuminare: A Student Journal in Recreation, Parks, …

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The Santa Clara, 2013-10-24, Santa Clara University Oct 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-10-24, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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The Santa Clara, 2013-10-17, Santa Clara University Oct 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-10-17, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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The Santa Clara, 2013-10-10, Santa Clara University Oct 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-10-10, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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The Santa Clara, 2013-10-03, Santa Clara University Oct 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-10-03, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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Social Comparison And Persuasion In Health Communications, Jerry Suls, Kathryn Bruchmann Oct 2013

Social Comparison And Persuasion In Health Communications, Jerry Suls, Kathryn Bruchmann

Psychology

Two basic social processes, persuasion and social comparison, have figured prominently in the development and implementation of health communications since the early 1950s. This chapter reviews relevant theory and evidence from basic persuasion and comparison research to demonstrate the centrality of the self-concept for understanding changes in personal belief, opinion, self-efficacy, and behavior change. Then, selective evidence and implications from health communications research are reviewed: Interventions using self-affirmation; gain-loss framing and graphic warning labels/fear appeals from the persuasion area; and interventions using normative provision, social comparison interventions, and support groups from the comparison area. In the final section, personalized, tailored …

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The Santa Clara, 2013-09-26, Santa Clara University Sep 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-09-26, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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Critical Connectivity In Banking Networks, Agam Gupta, Molly M. King, James Magdanz, Regina Martinez, Matteo Smerlak, Brady Stoll Sep 2013

Critical Connectivity In Banking Networks, Agam Gupta, Molly M. King, James Magdanz, Regina Martinez, Matteo Smerlak, Brady Stoll

Sociology

The financial crisis of 2007-2009 demonstrated the need to understand the macrodynamics of interconnected financial systems. A fruitful approach to this problem regards financial infrastructures as weighted directed networks, with banks as nodes and loans as links. Using a simple banking model in which banks are linked through interbank lending, with an exogenous shock applied to a single bank, we find a closedform analytical solution for the degree at which failures begin to propagate in the network. This critical degree is expressed as a function of four financial parameters: banking leverage; interbank exposure; return on the investment opportunity; and interbank …

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Early Cenozoic Evolution Of Topography, Climate, And Stable Isotopes In Precipitation In The North American Cordillera, Ran Feng, Christopher J. Poulsen, Martin Werner, C. Page Chamberlain, Hari T. Mix, Andreas Mulch Sep 2013

Early Cenozoic Evolution Of Topography, Climate, And Stable Isotopes In Precipitation In The North American Cordillera, Ran Feng, Christopher J. Poulsen, Martin Werner, C. Page Chamberlain, Hari T. Mix, Andreas Mulch

Environmental Studies and Sciences

Paleoelevation reconstructions of the North American Cordillera inferred from the oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios of terrestrial paleoclimate proxy materials (soils, ashes, lake sediments) suggest rapid north-to-south migration of topography in the early Cenozoic (pre-49 Ma to 28 Ma). The validation of this reconstruction relies on an accurate understanding of the δ¹⁸Op and the associated regional climate change in response to the uplift of the western North America. Here we study this response using a global climate model (GCM) with explicit δ¹⁸Op diagnostics (ECHAM5-wiso) focusing on the isotopic effects of different types of precipitation, vapor mixing, recycling and …

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"We Hope It Helps": The Impact Of Incentives On Libqual+ Response Rates, Jennifer E. Nutefall Aug 2013

"We Hope It Helps": The Impact Of Incentives On Libqual+ Response Rates, Jennifer E. Nutefall

Staff publications, research, and presentations

Purpose: Our research focuses on the question: what is the perception among librarians of the impact of lottery incentives on response rates to the LibQual+ survey? Design/Methodology/Approach: A LibQual+ incentives survey was developed by the researchers to find out why administrators do or do not offer incentives, what types of incentives are offered, and what the perception is of the impact of lottery incentives for the LibQual+ survey. The 25-item questionnaire was administered to all 124 US and Canadian (English language only) academic libraries (excluding community college) that participated in LibQual+ in 2010. Additionally, data for the LibQual+ data repository …

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The Negative Feelings That People Want To Avoid: Cultural Differences And Consequences For Compassion, Birgit Koopmann-Holm Aug 2013

The Negative Feelings That People Want To Avoid: Cultural Differences And Consequences For Compassion, Birgit Koopmann-Holm

Psychology

Previous research has documented cultural differences in the positive states that people desire. Less research, however, has examined whether cultural differences exist in the negative states that people want to avoid feeling ("avoided negative affect"). Using a multimethod approach, we examined cultural differences between Americans and Germans in avoided negative affect and whether they are related to different responses to suffering, or compassion. In Study 1, using survey methods, we assessed whether avoided negative affect differs from related constructs, and based on an existing literature, tested our hypothesis that Americans want to avoid negative affect more than do Germans. As …

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The Role Of Gender In Scholarly Authorship, Jevin D. West, Jennifer Jacquet, Molly M. King, Shelley J. Correll, Carl T. Bergstrom Jul 2013

The Role Of Gender In Scholarly Authorship, Jevin D. West, Jennifer Jacquet, Molly M. King, Shelley J. Correll, Carl T. Bergstrom

Sociology

Gender disparities appear to be decreasing in academia according to a number of metrics, such as grant funding, hiring, acceptance at scholarly journals, and productivity, and it might be tempting to think that gender inequity will soon be a problem of the past. However, a large-scale analysis based on over eight million papers across the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities reveals a number of understated and persistent ways in which gender inequities remain. For instance, even where raw publication counts seem to be equal between genders, close inspection reveals that, in certain fields, men predominate in the prestigious first …

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Co-Rumination Partially Mediates The Relationship Between Social Support And Emotional Exhaustion Among Graduate Students, Justin P. Boren Jun 2013

Co-Rumination Partially Mediates The Relationship Between Social Support And Emotional Exhaustion Among Graduate Students, Justin P. Boren

Communication

Graduate students regularly report high levels of stress and burnout. Many of those same students utilize social support networks, which can act as stress buffers. This study evaluated excessive negative talk about issues (co-rumination) and its effects on that social-support to burnout (emotional exhaustion) relationship and predicted that co-rumination would act as a suppressor variable. Graduate student volunteers (N = 213) reported their levels of social support, co-rumination, and emotional exhaustion. Data indicated that co-rumination did mediate the social support-to-emotional exhaustion relationship on two dimensions. This project purports that, while social support is important, the content of socially-supportive interactions may …

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Savage Minds Interview: Kristina Killgrove, Ryan B. Anderson Jun 2013

Savage Minds Interview: Kristina Killgrove, Ryan B. Anderson

Faculty Publications

Kristina Killgrove is a biological anthropologist at the University of West Florida. Her research focuses on theorizing migration in antiquity and on understanding urban development and collapse through the analysis of human skeletal remains. She works primarily in the classical world, attempting to learn about the daily lives of the lower classes in Imperial Rome through osteological and biochemical analyses, but she has also worked on questions of population interaction in the contact-period southeastern U.S.and in Medieval Germany. A strong commitment to interdisciplinary research and teaching help her bridge the sometimes large divide between classics and anthropology.For more about Killgrove's …

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Towards An Understanding Of The Endogenous Nature Of Group Identification In Games, John Smith, Katerina Bezrukova Jun 2013

Towards An Understanding Of The Endogenous Nature Of Group Identification In Games, John Smith, Katerina Bezrukova

Psychology

It is commonly assumed that identification with a social group is constant throughout the play of a one-shot game in the absence of feedback. We provide evidence which challenges this assumption. We direct subjects to play one of two versions of the prisoner's dilemma game. These versions are distinguished by the relative attractiveness of the uncooperative action. We refer to the version with a relatively attractive uncooperative action as the Easy Game and the other as the Difficult Game. We find that for the subjects who play the Difficult Game, their change in group identification is significantly related to their …

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The Effect Of Visual Suggestion On Exercise Motivation And Outcomes, Thomas G. Plante, Ashley Morisako, Justine Folk, Elizabeth Kay, Caroline Read, Ashley Dunn, Angel Perez, Eleanor Willemsen Jun 2013

The Effect Of Visual Suggestion On Exercise Motivation And Outcomes, Thomas G. Plante, Ashley Morisako, Justine Folk, Elizabeth Kay, Caroline Read, Ashley Dunn, Angel Perez, Eleanor Willemsen

Psychology

Theories of suggestion and motivation were used to examine if college students exercising in an environment with low or high motivation posters would affect mood, perceived exertion, and exercise workload (i.e., RPM and speed). A total of 134 students (62 males, 72 females) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions while exercising: relaxing posters (i.e., tropical nature), motivational posters (i.e., competitive bikers), or no posters (i.e., control). Participants completed 20 minutes of exercise at their own pace. Measures of mood were taken immediately prior to and following exercise. Exercise workload was recorded throughout. Results indicate that participants in the …

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Senior Design Theses: Moving To An Electronic Collection By Collaborating With The School Of Engineering, Susan K. Boyd May 2013

Senior Design Theses: Moving To An Electronic Collection By Collaborating With The School Of Engineering, Susan K. Boyd

Staff publications, research, and presentations

For years, the University Library served as a literal “storage room” for the latest ten years of printed senior design or capstone theses. Both the receiving and cataloging of student undergraduate work were at best “spotty,” and incomplete. By working with the Associate Dean of Undergraduate Studies, and departmental administrative assistants, the library and the School of Engineering developed a new process for electronic submission of these documents, and this in turn resulted in the creation of the University Library’s institutional repository called “Scholar Commons.” The first collection within Scholar Commons will showcase the senior design theses. To inform students …

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The Santa Clara, 2013-05-23, Santa Clara University May 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-05-23, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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The Santa Clara, 2013-05-16, Santa Clara University May 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-05-16, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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The Santa Clara, 2013-05-09, Santa Clara University May 2013

The Santa Clara, 2013-05-09, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

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