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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Verifying Drug Abuse Prevention Program Effects Using Reciprocal Best Friend Reports, Stewart I. Donaldson, Craig W. Thomas, John W. Graham, Judith G. Au, William B. Hansen
Verifying Drug Abuse Prevention Program Effects Using Reciprocal Best Friend Reports, Stewart I. Donaldson, Craig W. Thomas, John W. Graham, Judith G. Au, William B. Hansen
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
Considerable research suggests that social influences-based drug abuse preven- tion programming has produced the most consistently successful preventive effects. However, a common criticism of this literature is that most prevention intervention studies rely solely on self-reported substance use. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of normative education, arguably the most successful component of social influence based prevention programs, on alcohol and cigarette consumption using both self- and reciprocal best friend reports of substance use. Analyses of subsamples of data from 11,995 students participating in the Adolescent Alcohol Prevention Trial revealed that norma- tive education significantly delayed …
Gender As An Impediment To Labor Market Success: Why Do Young Women Report Greater Harm?, Heather Antecol, Peter Kuhn
Gender As An Impediment To Labor Market Success: Why Do Young Women Report Greater Harm?, Heather Antecol, Peter Kuhn
CMC Faculty Publications and Research
Compared to older women, young female job seekers are more than three times as likely to report that their ability to find a good new job is compromised by their gender. This phenomenon cannot be statistically attributed to observed personal or job characteristics, or to any “objective” measure of discrimination. Further, women's reports of gender‐induced advantage, and men's reports of gender‐induced harm, are also more prevalent among the young. A possible interpretation of all these patterns is that young people are more likely to interpret a given departure from gender‐neutral treatment as causally affected by their gender.
Evaluating Criminal Justice Programs Designed To Reduce Crime By Targeting Repeat Gang Offenders, Douglas R. Kent, Stewart I. Donaldson, Phelan A. Wyrick '02, Peggy J. Smith
Evaluating Criminal Justice Programs Designed To Reduce Crime By Targeting Repeat Gang Offenders, Douglas R. Kent, Stewart I. Donaldson, Phelan A. Wyrick '02, Peggy J. Smith
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
This paper suggests that a theory-driven approach be taken in the evaluation of gang crime reduction programs. The rationale for selecting this approach and an example of this type of evaluation are presented. The gang program evaluated involved close collaboration among law enforcement, probation, and prosecution toward incarcerating repeat gang offenders. Data were collected concerning incarceration and subsequent crime over a seven-year period. Trend analysis indicated a strong relationship between incarceration and gang crime trends, and an overall reduction of 47% in gang crime. It is suggested that policy makers and researchers consider replicating this model to further test its …
The Usa In The World Trading System, Sven W. Arndt
The Usa In The World Trading System, Sven W. Arndt
CMC Faculty Publications and Research
The USA has been an important player on the post-war world economic stage, but for much of that period what happened in the world economy was not of much consequence to the majority of the country's citizens. Trade was, and in many ways still is, a small part of overall economic activity. To assess the importance of trade one has to go to sector- and industry-specific levels, where shifts in world demand and supply can affect wages, profits, employment and output. The public at large has a general sense that the US economy is becoming more 'globalized' and that this …
Non-Lethal Weapons Conference, Robert J. Bunker
Non-Lethal Weapons Conference, Robert J. Bunker
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
Several worldwide conferences are or have been considering the future of non-lethal weapons (NLW). NLW proliferation and practicality continue to offer intriguing possibilities for bloodless warfare.
Book Review: Quantum Jump: A Survival Guide For The New Renaissance, Robert J. Bunker
Book Review: Quantum Jump: A Survival Guide For The New Renaissance, Robert J. Bunker
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Book Review: New Rules For The New Economy, Robert J. Bunker
Book Review: New Rules For The New Economy, Robert J. Bunker
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
No abstract provided.
Age Differences In Behavior And Pet Activation Reveal Differences In Interference Resolution In Verbal Working Memory, Alan Hartley, John Jonides, Christina Marshuetz, Edward E. Smith, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, Robert A. Koeppe
Age Differences In Behavior And Pet Activation Reveal Differences In Interference Resolution In Verbal Working Memory, Alan Hartley, John Jonides, Christina Marshuetz, Edward E. Smith, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, Robert A. Koeppe
Scripps Faculty Publications and Research
Older adults were tested on a verbal working memory task that used the item-recognition paradigm. On some trials of this task, response-conflict was created by presenting test-items that were familiar but were not members of a current set of items stored in memory. These items required a negative response, but their familiarity biased subjects toward a positive response. Younger subjects show an interference effect on such trials, and this interference is accompanied by activation of a region of left lateral prefrontal cortex. However, there has been no evidence that the activation in this region is causally related to the interference …
Age Differences In The Frontal Lateralization Of Verbal And Spatial Working Memory Revealed By Pet, Alan Hartley, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, John Jonides, Edward E. Smith, Andrea Miller, Christina Marshuetz, Robert A. Koeppe
Age Differences In The Frontal Lateralization Of Verbal And Spatial Working Memory Revealed By Pet, Alan Hartley, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, John Jonides, Edward E. Smith, Andrea Miller, Christina Marshuetz, Robert A. Koeppe
Scripps Faculty Publications and Research
Age-related decline in working memory figures prominently in theories of cognitive aging. However, the effects of aging on the neural substrate of working memory are largely unknown. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate verbal and spatial short-term storage (3 sec) in older and younger adults. Previous investigations with younger subjects performing these same tasks have revealed asymmetries in the lateral organization of verbal and spatial working memory. Using volume of interest (VOI) analyses that specifically compared activation at sites identified with working memory to their homologous twin in the opposite hemisphere, we show pronounced age differences in this …