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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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Brigham Young University

2006

Articles 1 - 30 of 180

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Assessing Perceived Marriage Education Needs And Interests Of Latino Individuals In Utah County, Utah, Iliana Snyder Dec 2006

Assessing Perceived Marriage Education Needs And Interests Of Latino Individuals In Utah County, Utah, Iliana Snyder

Theses and Dissertations

This study utilized focus groups to assess the perceived needs and interests for marriage education among single and married Latino individuals residing in Utah County, Utah as well as the identification of common themes and differences for this population. Male and female groups at various points in the marital developmental life stage were studied including high school students (15-18 years of age), single never married young adults (19-30 years of age), committed (engaged or cohabiting) adults, married persons recently transitioning to parenting, and married people with children. The sample consisted of 10 groups, 5 female and 5 male. In addition, …

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Social Withdrawal And Its Behavioral Correlates Among Chinese Preschoolers, Peixia Wu Dec 2006

Social Withdrawal And Its Behavioral Correlates Among Chinese Preschoolers, Peixia Wu

Theses and Dissertations

Researchers have recognized that social withdrawal in early childhood is a complex and multifaceted construct which includes three main observed subtypes: reticence, solitary-passive withdrawal, and solitary-active withdrawal. Each is differentially associated with children's behavioral outcomes in Western societies (e.g., United States, Canada). Furthermore, potential gender differences may exist regarding the distinct associations between non-social behavior and indices of maladjustment across boys and girls due to differential societal and cultural gender-role expectations. Previous studies suggest that subtypes of observed social withdrawal can be identified in Chinese preschoolers. It is important to examine the behavioral correlates of observed withdrawn subtypes in the …

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Disaster Communication Networks: A Case Study Of The Thai Red Cross And Their Disaster Communication Response To The Asian Tsunami, Tami J. Matthews Dec 2006

Disaster Communication Networks: A Case Study Of The Thai Red Cross And Their Disaster Communication Response To The Asian Tsunami, Tami J. Matthews

Theses and Dissertations

Disaster victims and vulnerable populations are audiences that communications professionals and scholars have ignored. Public relation practices dominate current disaster communication policy. This study examines the disaster communication network, including policy and practice, of the Thai Red Cross, before, during, and after the Asian tsunami. Disaster communication(s) is defined as the sharing and exchange of information with the victims immediately affected by a disaster. This definition focuses specifically on the vulnerable audience and allows response efforts to emerge from multiple disciplines. Focusing response efforts on victims' assessed needs and abilities allows for a multi-disciplinary approach to mitigate further suffering. The …

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Culturally Adapted Mental Health Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review, Timothy B. Smith, Derek Griner Dec 2006

Culturally Adapted Mental Health Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review, Timothy B. Smith, Derek Griner

Faculty Publications

There is a pressing need to enhance the availability and quality of mental health services provided to persons from historically disadvantaged racial and ethnic groups. Many previous authors have advocated that traditional mental health treatments be modified to better match clients? cultural contexts. Numerous studies evaluating culturally adapted interventions have appeared, and the present study used meta-analytic methodology to summarize these data. Across 76 studies the resulting random effects weighted average effect size was d = .45, indicating a moderately strong benefit of culturally adapted interventions. Interventions targeted to a specific cultural group were four times more effective than interventions …

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Slovakia's Surge: The New System's Impact On Fiscal Decentralization, Phillip J. Bryson, Gary C. Cornia Dec 2006

Slovakia's Surge: The New System's Impact On Fiscal Decentralization, Phillip J. Bryson, Gary C. Cornia

Faculty Publications

Slovakia's transition history long paralleled that of the Czech Republic, but the former adopted bold new reforms early in tis decade. This paper is a comparative treatment of fiscal decentralization since 1993 and more recent reforms of public administration, the two efforts representing the foundation of the New System. Czech experience is invoked simply to provide an appropriate benchmark for the evaluation of Slovakia's New System introduced in 2004, including the 19% "flat tax" and other striking measures in local public finance. The second focus of the paper is on the macro-economic impact of the New System. It is too …

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Recognizing, Digitizing, Advertising: Gnarp Efforts With Unique German Studies Materials, Richard Hacken Dec 2006

Recognizing, Digitizing, Advertising: Gnarp Efforts With Unique German Studies Materials, Richard Hacken

Faculty Publications

Presented in the Winter 2005-2006 issue of the Global Resources Newsletter, the German-North American Resources Partnership issue. GNARP's Digital Libraries Working Group (DLWG) is tooling up to act as a sounding board and clearinghouse for collaborative projects that provide access, and add value, to materials sought by scholars. The spectrum of the group's activities can be summed up in the three verbs: recognizing, digitizing, advertising.

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The Smith-Mundt Act's Ban On Domestic Propaganda: An Analysis Of The Cold War Statute Limiting Access To Public Diplomacy, Edward L. Carter, Allen W. Palmer Dec 2006

The Smith-Mundt Act's Ban On Domestic Propaganda: An Analysis Of The Cold War Statute Limiting Access To Public Diplomacy, Edward L. Carter, Allen W. Palmer

Faculty Publications

For more than fifty years, the U.S. Code has authorized the federal government to disseminate messages about America to international audiences. For at least thirty years, federal law has also prohibited those international propaganda messages from being disseminated within the United States. Given the realities of the acceleration and dispersion of information flow across international borders in the twenty-first century, a ban on dissemination of information that is tied to geographic boundaries raises both practical and policy issues. The domestic dissemination ban may have outlived its usefulness and relevance. Further, futile enforcement of the statute contradicts general U.S. policy promoting …

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Predictors Of Change In Health Care Use After Marital And Family Therapy, Scott H. Payne Nov 2006

Predictors Of Change In Health Care Use After Marital And Family Therapy, Scott H. Payne

Theses and Dissertations

The cost of health care continues to increase. Based on the biopsychosocial model of heath care, it has been shown that the treatment of psychological and social problems can have a cost offset effect on the cost of medical care. While this offset effect has been shown in an MFT population, there are no known studies that have looked at predictors of the change in medical use by those that receive marital and family therapy. This study looked at psychological and social measures of individuals who received marital and family therapy. These measures were evaluated based on the change from …

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Understanding The Other Side: The Traits Of Partners Of Individuals With Neurotic Traits In Committed Premarital Relationships, Ryan W. Blick Nov 2006

Understanding The Other Side: The Traits Of Partners Of Individuals With Neurotic Traits In Committed Premarital Relationships, Ryan W. Blick

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify the partners' traits and skills that predict relationship satisfaction in committed, premarital relationships in which one person has neurotic traits, as well as to examine the degree of consensus about neuroticism for both individuals. Data from 198 never-married, young adult, premarital couples who had completed the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE) questionnaire were used in the analyses. Measures of perceived partner traits and skills included levels of empathic communication, clear sending, flooding, kindness, flexibility, criticism, and contempt and defensiveness. Relationship satisfaction as measured by RELATE was the criterion variable. Results showed little agreement between …

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Understanding Psychological Control Through Differences Between Shame And Disappointment: Implications For Childhood Agression, Sacha Leah Bikhazi Nov 2006

Understanding Psychological Control Through Differences Between Shame And Disappointment: Implications For Childhood Agression, Sacha Leah Bikhazi

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the potentially unique roles that parental use of two psychological control dimensions, shame and disappointment, play in predicting children's relational and physical aggression. It was additionally of interest to investigate whether warm/involved parenting would moderate the effects of these forms of psychological control on both types of childhood aggression. Based on a review of literature, it was hypothesized that parental use of shame would positively predict aggression in children, whereas parental use of disappointment would not be significantly associated with childhood aggression. Additionally, it was hypothesized that warm, involved parenting would have …

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Defining The Components Of Academic Self-Efficacy In Navajo American Indian High School Students, Thomas R. Golightly Nov 2006

Defining The Components Of Academic Self-Efficacy In Navajo American Indian High School Students, Thomas R. Golightly

Theses and Dissertations

The academic difficulties experienced by a majority of Navajo American Indian students are well documented. Past research has focused on a variety of internal and external factors which possibly explain some of these difficulties. Low levels of academic self-efficacy (ASE) has been identified as one of the factors possibly contributing to lower than expected rates of academic achievement and low post-secondary education retention rates in this population. This investigation sought to further define the component structures of ASE using theoretical structures postulated by Bandura (1977a, 1997), namely: past success, modeling, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal. Information about grade point averages …

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Developing A Campus Copyright Education Program: Conquering The Challenge, Susie Quartey Nov 2006

Developing A Campus Copyright Education Program: Conquering The Challenge, Susie Quartey

Faculty Publications

Developing a copyright educational program at a University can be a daunting task. Many professors do not want to hear the word in connection with their teaching or academic pursuits. It can strike fear in the hearts of many educators who have hidden behind the mask of ignorance for years. With the complex nature of copyright law and budget restrictions, few institutions have the luxury of on-site copyright experts. A well-planned, conscientiously formulated copyright education campaign can ease the anxieties of the ignorant; empower the helpless; and fuel the passion of those striving to enlighten others about copyright compliance at …

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Recall And Recognition Of Brand-Modified Product Placement In Movies, Caitlin Anderson Oct 2006

Recall And Recognition Of Brand-Modified Product Placement In Movies, Caitlin Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, the product placement industry has seen a significant boom. The growth of product placement continues as media seeks funding and branded products vie for increased audience attention. Because of the increased product placement, there are many studies that examine the attitudes towards product placement, the experiences and interpretations of brands post-product placement, the effects of product placement, and memory of product placement. However, while product placement is a popular trend, there are occasions when branded products are altered in movies and television (this thesis refers to the altered products as “brand-modified products”). Little, if any, research has …

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The Enduring Mythological Role Of The Anonymous Source Deep Throat, Shana Lyris Hamilton Oct 2006

The Enduring Mythological Role Of The Anonymous Source Deep Throat, Shana Lyris Hamilton

Theses and Dissertations

Deep Throat is one of the most famous anonymous newspaper sources in American journalism. He is known for helping Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncover the Watergate scandal that led to President Richard Nixon's impeachment and resignation in 1974. Deep Throat's identity was a source of curiosity until he was revealed in 2005 as the former number two figure at the FBI, William Mark Felt. This thesis will show that, despite Felt's notoriety, Deep Throat was not an indispensable part of Woodward and Bernstein's Watergate coverage, speaking with Woodward 16 times about Watergate during the reporters' coverage. …

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Tips For Working With Children And Youth With Disabilities, Mary Anne Prater Oct 2006

Tips For Working With Children And Youth With Disabilities, Mary Anne Prater

Faculty Publications

The following is adapted from a presentation at the 2006 BYU Women's Conference by Mary Anne Prater, PhD, chair of the Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education. All children deserve to learn. Children with disabilities have needs as well as different learning styles that parents and teachers need to be aware of. When we understand what each student needs and how we can provide a positive learning environment, we can facilitate all children's learning and growth.

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“Arrogance Cloaked As Humility” And The Majoritarian First Amendment: The Free Speech Legacy Of Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, Edward L. Carter, Brad Clark Sep 2006

“Arrogance Cloaked As Humility” And The Majoritarian First Amendment: The Free Speech Legacy Of Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, Edward L. Carter, Brad Clark

Faculty Publications

In his 19 years as Chief Justice of theUnited States, William H. Rehnquist voted in favor of the individual expression interest asserted in approximately one-fifth of the Speech Clause cases heard by the Supreme Court. Meanwhile, he opposed protecting those constitutional interests in approximately two-thirds of the speech cases during that time. (His votes evidenced both speech-protective and non-protective elements just more than 10 percent of the time). This manuscript analyzes the Rehnquist jurisprudence in comparison with that of his two immediate predecessors as Chief, Warren Burger and Earl Warren. Rehnquist’s deference to government, reliance on history and formalist categorization …

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Xhosa Single Mothers: Reasons For Remaining Single, Oertel Nicole Sparks Sep 2006

Xhosa Single Mothers: Reasons For Remaining Single, Oertel Nicole Sparks

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study seeks to identify the situational and cultural influences related to single motherhood among a specific population in South Africa. Through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this thesis reveals the life stories and experiences of the women utilizing the Salem Baby Care Centre. Hopefully, this contributed to a better understanding of these Xhosa mothers' reasons for remaining single. These single mothers are caught in a cycle of poverty. They often begin having children at a very young age, leading to children with different fathers. This differs from traditional family systems where women and children were protected. Women are …

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Multicultural Competency Instrumentation: A Review And Analysis Of Reliability Generalization, Todd W. Dunn, Timothy B. Smith, Jared A. Montoya Sep 2006

Multicultural Competency Instrumentation: A Review And Analysis Of Reliability Generalization, Todd W. Dunn, Timothy B. Smith, Jared A. Montoya

Faculty Publications

This article reviews the internal consistency reliability of multicultural competency instrumentation. Additional psychometric properties are qualitatively reviewed for commonly used instruments and 5 other measures of multicultural competency that have not previously been reviewed in the literature. Results indicate that the most widely used instruments have generally acceptable internal consistency reliability across different populations and settings. Limitations of research conducted on multicultural counseling competencies are identified, and recommendations for future research are provided.

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The 2005 Continuing Education Survey: What Science Librarians Want To Know, Elizabeth S. Hopkins, Terri Freedman, Camila Gabaldon, Virgina Baldwin, Jill Powell Sep 2006

The 2005 Continuing Education Survey: What Science Librarians Want To Know, Elizabeth S. Hopkins, Terri Freedman, Camila Gabaldon, Virgina Baldwin, Jill Powell

Faculty Publications

The biennial STS continuing education survey was conducted at the end of 2005, in collaboration with two other organizations of science librarians. The top continuing education needs of science librarians include new technologies, professional development and keeping current, institutional repositories/digital archives, promoting science information literacy, collaboration between faculty and librarians, and finding free high-quality online data. This paper describes the process of developing and administering the survey and discusses the survey results.

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The Property Tax In The Slovak Republic: Major Reforms And Striking Results, Phillip J. Bryson Sep 2006

The Property Tax In The Slovak Republic: Major Reforms And Striking Results, Phillip J. Bryson

Faculty Publications

This article is based on a presentation given on August 24, 2005, at the International Property Tax Institute’s 8th International Conference on Property Tax in Transition held in Prague, Czech Republic.

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Religion And Family Relational Health: An Overview And Conceptual Model, Loren Marks Aug 2006

Religion And Family Relational Health: An Overview And Conceptual Model, Loren Marks

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a review of research addressing religion and family relational health. Strengths of the extant data include the correlation of three dimensions of religious experience (religious practices, religious beliefs, and religious community) with certain aspects of mother–child, father–child, and marital relationships and specific connections between the three dimensions of religious experience and family relationships are identified. Key weaknesses in the research at present include a paucity of research examining the hows, whys, and processes involved behind identified religion–family correlations and a lack of data on non-nuclear families, families of color, interfaith families, and non-Christian religions including Judaism and …

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Implementing An Electronic Resource Management (Erm) System, Jared L. Howland Aug 2006

Implementing An Electronic Resource Management (Erm) System, Jared L. Howland

Faculty Publications

PDF Printer Friendly Version of Powerpoint Presentation. This presentation was given at the Utah Library Association Annual Meeting (2006) and discusses the ERM implementation process at Brigham Young University and its generalized implications for other institutions. It includes a chronological description of decision-making and steps in the implementation process with corresponding discoveries and benefits. Implementing an ERM takes lots of planning, forethought and effort but has been very beneficial in helping BYU manage its electronic resource collections.

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Implementing An Electronic Resource Management (Erm) System, Jared L. Howland Aug 2006

Implementing An Electronic Resource Management (Erm) System, Jared L. Howland

Faculty Publications

PDF of Powerpoint Presentation. This presentation was given at the Utah Library Association Annual Meeting (2006) and discusses the ERM implementation process at Brigham Young University and its generalized implications for other institutions. It includes a chronological description of decision-making and steps in the implementation process with corresponding discoveries and benefits. Implementing an ERM takes lots of planning, forethought and effort but has been very beneficial in helping BYU manage its electronic resource collections.

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Implementing An Electronic Resource Management System: Brigham Young University's Experience, Jared L. Howland, Thomas C. Wright Aug 2006

Implementing An Electronic Resource Management System: Brigham Young University's Experience, Jared L. Howland, Thomas C. Wright

Faculty Publications

We discuss the electronic resource management (ERM) implementation process at Brigham Young University (BYU) and its generalized implications for other institutions. A chronological description of decision-making and steps in the implementation process with corresponding discoveries and benefits is outlined. We conclude that implementing an ERM takes a lot of planning, forethought and effort but implementation has been very beneficial in helping BYU manage its electronic resource collections. The literature has described various ERM systems, difficulties in handling electronic resources and the ERMI standard but relatively little has been written about the practical side of implementing an ERM. The account of …

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Paraprofessionals In The Classroom: Creating A Test Bank, Linda Hansen Jul 2006

Paraprofessionals In The Classroom: Creating A Test Bank, Linda Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

This purpose of this thesis was to create a valid, reliable, fair test bank for the textbook Paraprofessionals in the Classroom (Ashbaker & Morgan, 2006). This textbook was written specifically for the education of paraprofessionals. Further education beyond high school is one of the options recommended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 to assist paraprofessionals in becoming highly qualified to work with children with special needs. Extensive research was conducted by the researcher on what constituted a good test bank. Excerpts were selected from seven chapters of the textbook. Questions and a rating scale for each question …

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Holistic Scoring Of Esl Essays Using Linguistic Maturity Attributes, Ronald Millett Jul 2006

Holistic Scoring Of Esl Essays Using Linguistic Maturity Attributes, Ronald Millett

Theses and Dissertations

Automated scoring of essays has been a research topic for some time in computational linguistics studies. Only recently have the particular challenges of automatic holistic scoring of ESL essays with their high grammatical, spelling and other error rates been a topic of research. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of using statistical measures of linguistic maturity to predict holistic scores for ESL essays using several techniques. Selected linguistic attributes include parts of speech, part-of-speech patterns, vocabulary density, and sentence and essay lengths. Using customized algorithms based on multivariable regression analysis as well as memory-based machine learning, holistic scores were predicted on …

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Belief Formation Through Family Storytelling: Implications For Family Therapy, Kelly Gagalis-Hoffman Jul 2006

Belief Formation Through Family Storytelling: Implications For Family Therapy, Kelly Gagalis-Hoffman

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to phenomenologically explore and describe the influence family storytelling has on the formation and transference of beliefs. This study was a case study of one family who was identified as engaging in family storytelling. The participants were selected based on their participation in a 2004 pilot study, "A Phenomenological Examination of Family Recreational Storytelling." The results of the 2004 pilot study were analyzed for belief-centered themes. It was upon those themes that questions for this study were based. For this study it was hypothesized that: 1) storytelling strengthens family bonds and connections; 2) storytelling …

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Early Predictors Of Self-Regulation In Middle Childhood, Rebecca A. Colman, Sam A. Hardy, Myesha Albert, Marcela Raffaelli, Lisa J. Crockett Jul 2006

Early Predictors Of Self-Regulation In Middle Childhood, Rebecca A. Colman, Sam A. Hardy, Myesha Albert, Marcela Raffaelli, Lisa J. Crockett

Faculty Publications

The present study examined the contribution of caregiving practices at ages 4–5 (Time 1) to children’s capacity for self regulation at ages 8–9 (Time 2). The multiethnic sample comprised 549 children of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) participants. High levels of maternal warmth and low levels of physically punitive discipline at Time 1 were associated with a greater capacity for self-regulation at Time 2. These associations remained signifi cant once initial levels of self-regulation were taken into account, indicating that the development of self-regulation is open to caregiver infl uence during childhood. Neither child gender nor ethnicity moderated the …

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Eating Disorder Risk In Subgroups Of College Freshman Women, Karen E. Gochnour Jul 2006

Eating Disorder Risk In Subgroups Of College Freshman Women, Karen E. Gochnour

Theses and Dissertations

The intent of this study was to identify subgroups within the college population having a heightened risk for eating disorders. The information for this analysis was retrieved from an existing data set. The two variables that were compared were self selection of college major at the initial collection during freshman year. The sample size of 1,924 was used to see if subgroups of college majors had a heightened risk. Twenty groups composed of similar majors were studied. The majors of Dance, Dietetics, Physical Education, and Communications had heightened risk according to analysis percentage of each group in the clinical range …

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States' School Crisis Planning Materials: An Analysis Of Cross-Cultural Considerations And Sensitivity To Student Diversity, Neil O. Annandale Jul 2006

States' School Crisis Planning Materials: An Analysis Of Cross-Cultural Considerations And Sensitivity To Student Diversity, Neil O. Annandale

Theses and Dissertations

The importance of providing appropriate crisis intervention to individuals and families from diverse backgrounds is an often overlooked aspect of service provision. In particular, school-based crisis intervention has only recently begun to address this issue. This study reviewed state mandated school crisis plans, state directives for crisis plans, and state resources to assist school districts in developing crisis plans. The content of these materials was examined to determine the extent and type of coverage given to student diversity, particularly cross cultural considerations. Materials were obtained from state department of education internet sites and from the state offices of Safe and …

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