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Articles 31 - 51 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Working 5 To 9, What A Way To Make A Livin'! An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Shift And Turnover, Christie Kelley
Working 5 To 9, What A Way To Make A Livin'! An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Shift And Turnover, Christie Kelley
All Dissertations
The current study investigated burnout and engagement as mediators of the relationship between shift work and both turnover and turnover intentions. Further, perceived organizational support (POS) and work schedule justice (WSJ) were hypothesized to moderate the relationship between shift and two outcomes: engagement and burnout. The Job Demands-Resource model was used as a theoretical framework for the current study (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004). The current study utilized a longitudinal sample of nurses to test the hypotheses with structural equation modeling. Further, differences were assessed between all employees and only full-time employees. Contrary to hypotheses, shift was not related to burnout …
Dispositional Resilience And Person-Environment Fit As Predictors Of College Student Retention, Melissa Waitsman
Dispositional Resilience And Person-Environment Fit As Predictors Of College Student Retention, Melissa Waitsman
All Dissertations
As more students drop out of college and the cost of leaving school without a degree rises, it becomes increasingly critical to help match students to a school that will educate them and facilitate graduation. While the college student retention literature has formulated a number of ideas and theories about how this may be accomplished, the current study uses an idea from the psychological literature, person-environment fit, in order to understand the role of an individual's fit with their college environment on student success. The current study examines individual differences in resilience as well as those in preferences for the …
The Strength Of Hispanic Adolescents' Level Of Ethnic Identification And Their Parents' Level Of Self-Differentiation And Ethnic Identification To Predict Second Generation Hispanic Adolescents' Level Of Self-Differentiation, Nizel Fernandez
All Dissertations
During adolescents individuals develop many lasting features of their identity (Erikson, 1950, Bowen, 1978, Phinney, 1992, 1996, 2005) including the development of self-differentiation and multi-group ethnic identification. Bowen's (1978) theory of differentiation of self and Phinney's (Phinney, 1992) theory of multi-group ethnic identification provided the theoretical and measurement bases for the study. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of Hispanic adolescents' level of multi-group ethnic identification and their parents' level of self-differentiation and multi-group ethnic identification in predicting second generation Hispanic adolescents' level of self-differentiation. One hundred two (102) Hispanic adolescents, ages 13 to 18, and …
Applying Visual Attention Theory To Transportation Safety Research And Design: Evaluation Of Alternative Automobile Rear Lighting Systems, Scott Mcintyre
Applying Visual Attention Theory To Transportation Safety Research And Design: Evaluation Of Alternative Automobile Rear Lighting Systems, Scott Mcintyre
All Dissertations
This experiment applies methodologies and theories of visual search and attention to the subject of conspicuity in automobile rear lighting. Based on these theories, this experiment has four goals. First, it is proposed that current research methods used to investigate rear lighting are inadequate and a proposed methodology based on the visual search paradigm is introduced. Second, demonstrate that current rear lighting on automobiles does not effectively meet the stated purpose of regulators. Third, propose a more effective system for increasing the conspicuity of brake lamps. A fourth goal is to validate and extend previous simulator research on this same …
Serious Tourism And Consumer Preference For Sustainable Tourism Certifications, Richard Lacher
Serious Tourism And Consumer Preference For Sustainable Tourism Certifications, Richard Lacher
All Dissertations
Demand for sustainability oriented vacation options is on the rise as consumers become more aware of the negative effects that their travel may have on various destinations. Certifying tourism businesses as sustainable (much in the way organic food or fair trade coffee is certified) has been proposed as a means to ensure that ecotourism operations actually follow the principles of sustainable development. This study uses a serious tourism framework and a stated preference choice modeling approach to evaluate consumers' preferences for different types of sustainable tourism certifications. Additionally, willingness to pay (WTP) for different types for certifications is important so …
Horizontal Subcontracting In Procurement Auctions, Nancy Huff
Horizontal Subcontracting In Procurement Auctions, Nancy Huff
All Dissertations
A firm submitting a bid in a procurement auction is sometimes also listed as a subcontractor in one or more competing bids. This paper theoretically and empirically examines how such horizontal subcontracting affects welfare and price competition. I first specify a model of horizontal subcontracting which endogenizes the roles of the subcontracting firms as well as a negotiated payment for subcontracted work. The model shows that horizontal subcontracting always weakly increases welfare by enabling more efficient allocation of production but has two opposite effects on price competition: an efficiency effect and a strategic effect. The efficiency effect arises when firms …
They Were Framed! The Development And Validation Of Context-Specific Measures Of Individual Culture, Amber Schroeder
They Were Framed! The Development And Validation Of Context-Specific Measures Of Individual Culture, Amber Schroeder
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Early personality research often described behavior in terms of individual dispositions or stable behavioral tendencies (Allport, 1937; Cattell, 1957; Guilford, 1959), thus taking a context-independent view of personality. However, a recent review of thousands of empirical studies illustrated that even seemingly superficial changes to contextual variables can have a large impact on study results (Richard, Bond, & Stokes-Zoota, 2003). Yet, the use of non-contextualized measures of individual culture still remains the norm in cross-cultural research. Thus, utilizing a sample of more than 1,000 participants across two studies, work and nonwork measures of two cultural variables (i.e., individualism and collectivism) were …
Exit, Voice, And Human Security: Serbs In Kosovo After Declaration Of Independence, Ekaterina Yazykova
Exit, Voice, And Human Security: Serbs In Kosovo After Declaration Of Independence, Ekaterina Yazykova
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This study examines emigration and political action as related phenomena in the context of the ethnic Serbian community in post-independence Kosovo. Albert O. Hirschman's (1970, 1993) work on exit and voice as two primary responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states provided the theoretical framework for the study. An attempt was made to integrate the individual context, assessed through the lens of human security, into the exit-voice framework. The study's hypotheses regarded relations between emigration as exit and political action as voice at different levels of human security. Rational-choice determinants of exit and voice, as well as loyalty to …
An Examination Of The Relationships Between Autonomous Motivation And Situational Constraints With Job Attitudes, Intention To Leave, And General Stress: A Job Demands-Resources Approach, Kalifa Oliver
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The Job Demands- Resources (JD-R) model suggests that working conditions can be distinguished using two broad categories: job demands and job resources. This study examined the concurrent and longitudinal effects of perceived situational constraints (seen as a demand) and autonomous motivation (seen as a resource) on job attitudes, intention to leave, and general stress using an applied work setting. Data were collected by administrators at a midsized university campus over two time periods, separated by one year. Staff members were asked to complete an online survey that included a modified version of Ryan and Connell's (1989) Self-Regulation Scale for employees …
Essays In Public Economics, Kathleen Player
Essays In Public Economics, Kathleen Player
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The first two chapters of this dissertation are closely related and pertain to small business reactions to income tax changes. The final chapter investigates the value consumers place on residential community associations.
Small businesses file taxes in accordance with the personal income tax code because they are considered flow-through entities. Thus, personal income tax reforms directly affect the incentives small business owners face regarding employment and operations. I use the changes in personal income-tax rates during the 1993 and 2001-2003 reforms and micro-level data to estimate the effect of statutory tax-rate changes on small-business employment decisions. I add two contributions …
The Demand For Green Cards, Richard Bruns
The Demand For Green Cards, Richard Bruns
All Dissertations
I estimate the demand curve for Legal Permanent Residence in the US, and the government revenues and migrant welfare gains that could be achieved by replacing all or parts of the current immigration system with a Uniform Price Auction. Willingness to pay and welfare are based on the net present value of the difference in income that people earn in the US compared to other countries. I obtain an equilibrium annual demand curve by modeling the dynamics of how pent-up demand for residence responds to the introduction of an auction for residence permits. I separately estimate the demand curves for …
The Influences Of Syndication On Broadcast Programming Decisions, Christina Whitehead
The Influences Of Syndication On Broadcast Programming Decisions, Christina Whitehead
All Dissertations
Syndication is a major factor in the market for television programming. These papers analyze the effects of the off-network syndication market on prime time programming decisions that are made by broadcast networks. The first paper investigates the effects of the off-network syndication (rerun) market on the optimal number of seasons for a prime time television series. The theoretical model predicts that syndication could potentially either increase the number of seasons if the price elasticity of demand for syndication is elastic or vice versa. The empirical analysis consists of a duration model and estimates the effects of first run ratings and …
Villager Participation In The Relocation Of El Gourna, Egypt, Paul Duggan
Villager Participation In The Relocation Of El Gourna, Egypt, Paul Duggan
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ABSTRACT
In 2005, approximately 850 families from the historic village of El Gourna, Egypt were relocated to a new village. The relocation was part of a government initiative to protect ancient records and artifacts from Egypt's Middle Kingdom contained in the Tombs of the Nobles that lay beneath the houses of the village. A special feature of the relocation was an effort made the local authorities to involve of local village leaders and residents in the process.
In the 1990s, about 8 to 10 million people per year were involuntary relocated due to large development projects, or about 100 million …
Nature-Based Recreationists' Perceptions Of Climate Change And Attitudes Towards Climate Change Mitigation In Natural Environments, Matthew Brownlee
Nature-Based Recreationists' Perceptions Of Climate Change And Attitudes Towards Climate Change Mitigation In Natural Environments, Matthew Brownlee
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Novel biophysical impacts from a rapidly changing climate are influencing resources in many parks and protected areas that host nature-based recreation. In addition to climate impacts, renewable energy initiatives (e.g., wind farms) aimed to mitigate climate change are increasingly converging with nature-based recreation areas. Climate impacts and climate change mitigation efforts in nature-based recreation areas have the capacity to influence individual and collective experiences, attitudes, and potentially behaviors. However, little is known about nature-based recreationists' interactions with climate-influenced resources, and how these interactions may influence perceptions of climate change and attitudes towards mitigation efforts. This dissertation addresses this lack of …
Sources Of Variance In Bite Count, Jenna Scisco
Sources Of Variance In Bite Count, Jenna Scisco
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The obesity epidemic affects millions of individuals worldwide. New tools that simplify efforts to self-monitor energy intake may enable successful weight loss and weight maintenance. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of the number of bites recorded by the bite counter device during daily meals in natural, real world settings. Participants (N = 83) used bite counters to record daily meals for two weeks. Participants also recorded their daily dietary intake using automated, computer-based 24-hour recalls. Predictors of bite count were explored at the meal-level and individual-level using multilevel linear modeling. A positive relationship between kilocalories and …
Ambiguous Science And The Visual Representation Of The Real, Curtis Newbold
Ambiguous Science And The Visual Representation Of The Real, Curtis Newbold
All Dissertations
The emergence of visual media as prominent and even expected forms of communication in nearly all disciplines, including those scientific, has raised new questions about how the art and science of communication epistemologically affect the interpretation of scientific phenomena. In this dissertation I explore how the influence of aesthetics in visual representations of science inevitably creates ambiguous meanings. As a means to improve visual literacy in the sciences, I call awareness to the ubiquity of visual ambiguity and its importance and relevance in scientific discourse. To do this, I conduct a literature review that spans interdisciplinary research in communication, science, …
Essays On Effects Of Illness And Supplemental Security Income On Employment, Sarmistha Pal
Essays On Effects Of Illness And Supplemental Security Income On Employment, Sarmistha Pal
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The first and second chapters examine the disincentive effects of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program's generosity on the employment decisions of prime age blind and/or deaf individuals. Using an individual-level model with state and time-fixed effects and the Difference-in-Difference method, I find only small impacts of an increase in monthly SSI benefits. Grouping all blind and deaf individuals together, the estimated impact of a $100 increase in monthly maximum SSI benefits (about a 17% increase) is only a 0.4 percentage point reduction in labor force participation. The estimated effects from separate analysis by demographic groups, however, suggest larger reductions …
Transnational Leisure And Travel Experience Of Second-Generation Chinese-Americans, Wei-Jue Huang
Transnational Leisure And Travel Experience Of Second-Generation Chinese-Americans, Wei-Jue Huang
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In the past, international migration often required immigrants to uproot themselves completely from their old society in order to build a new home, start a new life, and pledge allegiance to a new country. However, new transportation and communication technologies allow contemporary immigrants to live in two worlds and maintain virtual and physical contact with their homeland through leisure and tourism. The purpose of this study is to understand the lived experience of second-generation immigrants as they engage in transnational leisure activities and trips to their homeland, as well as explore the relationship between second-generation immigrants' transnational homeland attachment and …
Marketing In An Automobile Dependent Society: An Analysis Of Consumer-Oriented, Industry-Produced Advertising Material, John Ridout
All Dissertations
Despite the best intentions of public policy to cure societal ills, for the individual American consumer, the solution to the problem of automobile dependence is simple: buy an automobile. Consumers are alleviating societal pressure of not having a car rather than focusing on the negative impacts of vehicle usage after the purchase. Marketing and advertising play an important role in portraying how the public views transportation. Marketing reinforces automobile dependence and automobility by creating images and messages that say the norm of American life requires an automobile; therefore, marketing creates, controls, and reinforces values within the automobile consumer culture. Addressing …
Measurement Error And The Black-White Wage Differential, Jared Huff
Measurement Error And The Black-White Wage Differential, Jared Huff
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This dissertation encompasses two papers. The first paper examines the impact of measurement errors in potential experience and reported education on Black-White wage differentials. I show that measurement error is not mean zero, is distributed differently for Black and White males and, for experience, is correlated with the value of the variable measured with error. Possible conditional distributions of the true values of education and experience, given reported values, are estimated using auxiliary data. This paper introduces a Maximum Likelihood method to deal with these errors, and evaluates this method as well as other methods currently used in the gender …
The Relationship Between Changes In Business Structure And Tourism Growth And Development In Charleston, South Carolina, 1899-1999, Katharine Sparks
The Relationship Between Changes In Business Structure And Tourism Growth And Development In Charleston, South Carolina, 1899-1999, Katharine Sparks
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The dissertation investigates how a medium-sized U.S. city (Charleston, SC) transformed itself from an old depressed port, with a predominance of manufacturing industries, to one that is a popular international tourist destination. The research seeks to answer the following questions:
* What urban processes have been most influential in shaping the tourism product?
* Can Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model be used as a basis for measuring tourism growth in the Tourism Business District of a U.S. city?
* Is the change in a city's business structure related to the growth of the tourism industry?
* What measures …