Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Interpersonal Perception And Metaperception In Nonoverlapping Social Groups, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright, David Kenny, Fredric Agatstein, Lynn Winquist

Fredric C Agatstein

No abstract provided.

Adolescence, Emily Adler, Roger Clark

Emily S. Adler

Using Erikson's and Gilligan's theories of adolescent development, this paper presents a content analysis of the depiction of adolescent development in a sample of Newbery Medal winners and honor books. Some diversity was found among the major characters, but white males were overrepresented. Many of the characters underwent an identity crisis. Some passed through the identity versus role confusion stage; others, especially in the almost prototypical maleinitiation-rite stories, discovered ways to deal with nature (industry) which engendered a far clearer sense of self (identity). The major female characters experienced the two phases more or less simultaneously, but a similar fusion …

Children's Interpersonal Perceptions, Thomas Malloy, David Sugarman, Robin Montvilo, Talia Ben-Zeev

Robin K Montvilo

Children's interpersonal perceptions in an academic context were studied from the sociocultural perspective (L. S. Vygotsky, 1978). The authors predicted that with development, judgments of classmates would show increasing impact of the stimulus target (consensus) and decreasing impact of the perceiver's effect. A social relations analysis estimated perceiver and target effects. A 3-year cross-sequential design permitted study of age differences and longitudinal consistency of the effects. Children's interpersonal perceptions were consensual in middle childhood, and target effects increased with development, whereas perceiver effects declined. Target effects were more consistent than perceiver effects across a 3-year period. Target effects for behaviorally …

Authority Concepts Among Children And Adolescents In The Island Of Macao, Marta Laupa, Pamela Tse

Marta Laupa

We examined the reasoning of children and adolescents in the island of Macao regarding the bases of legitimate authority across social contexts. We asked 101 children in 3rd, 5th, and 7th grades to evaluate the authority of persons issuing commands to children in two events. In one, persons with varying combinations of authority attributes issue a command that resolves a turn-taking dispute between children in school. In another, persons with varying social positions issue a command to children to stop playing ball across three contexts: school, home, and a public park. Results show that, although young Macanese reason in many …

Dynamics Of Drug Use, Joan Rollins, Raymond Holden

Joan H Rollins

This paper analyzes data from interviews with167 drug users in the community, including age, sex, birth order, education, family constellation, age of first drug use and circumstances of first drug use. Initial drug use was usually a social experience, with considerable influence from peers. Usually initial drug use began with marijuana or alcohol. The majority of subjects had tried to stop using drugs, but most of them had been unsuccessful at the time of the interview.

Modernization And Status Change Among Aged Men And Women, Roger Clark

Roger D. Clark

This study investigates the differences between the relationship between elderly occupational status and modernization for men and women. Consonant with previous findings [1], it finds that economic development is associated with relative losses of elderly men in professional and technical occupations. Augmenting those findings, however, it finds an even stronger association between development and such losses for women. In accounting for the differences, several explanations are advanced and tested, using data from fifty-one nations.

Multinational Corporate Penetration, Industrialism, Region, And Social Security Expenditures, Roger Clark, Rachel Filinson

Roger D. Clark

This study examines the determinants of spending on social security programs. We draw predictions from industrialism and dependency theories, for the explanation of social security programs. The explanations are tested with data on seventy-five nations, representative of core, semiperipheral and peripheral nations. Industrialization variables such as the percentage of older adults and economic productivity have strong effects in models involving all nations, as does multinational corporate (MNC) penetration in extraction, particularily when region is controlled; such penetration is negatively associated with spending on social security. We then look at industrialism and dependency effects for peripheral and non-core nations alone. The …

Adolescence, Emily Adler, Roger Clark

Roger D. Clark

Using Erikson's and Gilligan's theories of adolescent development, this paper presents a content analysis of the depiction of adolescent development in a sample of Newbery Medal winners and honor books. Some diversity was found among the major characters, but white males were overrepresented. Many of the characters underwent an identity crisis. Some passed through the identity versus role confusion stage; others, especially in the almost prototypical maleinitiation-rite stories, discovered ways to deal with nature (industry) which engendered a far clearer sense of self (identity). The major female characters experienced the two phases more or less simultaneously, but a similar fusion …

Iatrogenic Symptoms In Psychotherapy , Charles Boisvert, David Faust

Charles M Boisvert

Although the mental health professions are effective in ameliorating personal distress, treatment can sometimes have negative consequences. The authors explore causal mechanisms for iatrogenic symptoms in therapy by discussing the process by which clients may be socialized into therapy and the potential impact that psychiatric labels and language may have in influencing clients' self-perceptions. The authors review research that has examined possible negative effects of psychiatric labels and then examine other forms of language, categorization, and conceptualizations that may contribute to negative effects in therapy. Iatrogenic symptoms may originate through the overreliance on a belief system within which therapists interpret, …

Leading Researchers’ Consensus On Psychotherapy Research Findings, Charles Boisvert, David Faust

Charles M Boisvert

We examined leading international psychotherapy researchers’ views on psychotherapy outcome research. Participants completed a questionnaire on which they rated level of research evidence for or against various assertions about psychotherapy processes and outcomes. Participants rated how confident they were that the assertions were supported by psychotherapy research. Strong, or relatively strong, consensus was achieved on several of the questionnaire items. Areas for which relative uniformity of opinion does or does not exist have potential implications for the teaching and conduct of psychotherapy and for the science–practice interface in psychotherapy. Additionally, consensus about psychotherapy findings can be used as a yardstick …

Looking At China’S Great Leap Forward From A Systems Perspective, Brandy Futrell

Brandy Futrell

China’s Great Leap Forward (GLF) campaign of 1958-1961 led by Mao Tse-Tung resulted in a horrendous famine that cost millions of lives. This paper examines the campaign from a systems perspective across the individual, group/societal, and regulatory levels. Looking at each level illustrates errors that explain how the GLF failed.

Psychology Library Guide, Mary Wilson

Mary Wilson

This library guide provides Kennesaw State University students assistance on researching issues in psychology using the resources of the Sturgis Library.

Psychology: Personality Theories, Mary Wilson

Mary Wilson

Welcome to the Psychology: Personality Theories Research Guide!

My name is Mary Wilson. Please contact me if you have any questions or if I can be of assistance!

The Death-Ego And The Vital Self: Romances Of Desire In Literature / Book Review, Barbara Schapiro

Barbara A Schapiro

Psychoanalysis and literary romance share much in common: both are concerned with desire, with elusive objects of desire, and with the dark, hidden, and fantastic dimensions of the human imagination. Gavriel Reisner’s The Death-Ego and the Vital Self explores the interrelationship of psychoanalysis and literary romance with original and often illuminating results.

Menstrual Expressions And Menstrual Attitudes, Terence Hays

Terence Hays

Women's responses to a questionnaire survery in a Northeastern U.S. college community are examined to determine whether usage preferences in menstrual expressions are systematically related to reported attitudes towards menstruation. While those women who use expressions with negative connotations tend to report negative attitudes, the converse is not true. A striking contrast is noted between familiarity and use of menstrual expressions and, in general, menstrual expressions are not consistently associated with or reflective of menstrual attitudes.

Awareness Of Peers' Judgments Of Oneself, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright, Stan Scarpati

Thomas E Malloy

This research focused on children's awareness of peers' social judgments of them, age differences in accuracy attained, and the process by which accuracy is achieved. Children were accurately aware of peers' perceptions of them on behavioral, social status, and ability dimensions in Grades 1 through 6. Older children were more accurate than younger children, yet even the youngest children were able to accurately infer peers' judgments of them. In terms of process, the best fitting model suggested that academic ability affects both self and others' (i.e., teacher and peers') perceptions, and that self-perception is the basis for predicting others' judgments …

Agreement In Personality Judgments Within And Between Nonoverlapping Social Groups In Collectivist Cultures, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright, Rolando Diaz-Loving, Qi Dong, Yueh-Ting Lee

Thomas E Malloy

The social context hypothesis states that people behave differently in different social groups because group norms and context-specific interpersonal relationships uniquely affect behavior. Consequently, a person who is a member of different, nonoverlapping social groups (i. e., the members of different groups are unacquainted) should be judged consensually on personality traits within each group; however, between groups there should be less agreement in judgments. This research focused on cultural moderation of the social context effect in two collective cultures (China and Mexico) with different norms for interpersonal relationships. Among Chinese, there was greater consensus in trait judgments within groups than …

Componential Analysis Of Interpersonal Perception Data, David Kenny, Linda Albright, Thomas Malloy, Tessa West

Thomas E Malloy

We examine the advantages and disadvantages of 2 types of analyses used in interpersonal perception studies: componential and noncomponential. Componential analysis of interpersonal perception data (Kenny, 1994) partitions a judgment into components and then estimates the variances of and the correlations between these components. A noncomponential analysis uses raw scores to analyze interpersonal perception data. Three different research areas are investigated: consensus of perceptions across social contexts, reciprocity of attraction, and individual differences in self-enhancement. Finally, we consider criticisms of componential analysis. We conclude that interpersonal perception data necessarily have components (e.g., perceiver, target, measure, and their interactions), and that …

Multiple And Single Interaction Dyadic Research Designs, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright

Thomas E Malloy

During the last 2 decades, psychologists increasingly have studied human interaction in a social rather than in an asocial context. Although this ecological approach to the study of social interaction signifies the vitality of social psychology, the design and analysis of this research presents challenges that are not encountered in an asocial context. This article surveys a set of multiple interaction designs and associated analytic strategies that permit estimation of individual and dyadic phenomena. In addition, new analytic approaches to the hierarchically nested dyadic design (a special case of the multiple interaction design) that is used in studies of personal …

Interpersonal Perception And Metaperception In Nonoverlapping Social Groups, Thomas Malloy, Linda Albright, David Kenny, Fredric Agatstein, Lynn Winquist

Thomas E Malloy

No abstract provided.

Multinational Corporate Penetration, Industrialism, Region, And Social Security Expenditures, Roger Clark, Rachel Filinson

Rachel Filinson

This study examines the determinants of spending on social security programs. We draw predictions from industrialism and dependency theories, for the explanation of social security programs. The explanations are tested with data on seventy-five nations, representative of core, semiperipheral and peripheral nations. Industrialization variables such as the percentage of older adults and economic productivity have strong effects in models involving all nations, as does multinational corporate (MNC) penetration in extraction, particularily when region is controlled; such penetration is negatively associated with spending on social security. We then look at industrialism and dependency effects for peripheral and non-core nations alone. The …

Out-Of-Body Image, Caroline Heldman

Caroline Heldman

On a typical day, you might see ads featuring a naked woman's body tempting viewers to buy an electronic organizer, partially exposed women's breasts being used to sell fishing line, or a woman's rear-wearing only a thong-being used to pitch a new running shoe. [...] Dove beauty products launched a much-lauded advertising campaign that used "real women" (i.e., not super-skinny ones) instead of models, but then Dove's parent company, Unilever, put out hypersexual ads for Axe men's body spray that showed the fragrance driving scantily clad women into orgiastic states.

Acute Effects Of Cocaine On Spontaneous And Discriminative Motor Functions: Relation To Route Of Administration, C. Lau, Abdulrazaq Imam, M. Fang, J. Falk

Abdulrazaq A. Imam

Rats administered cocaine i.p. and p.o. (7.5-30 mg/kg) showed dose-related increases in locomotor (LM) and small-movement activities, with LM rates decreasing over the 2-hr session, except at the largest i.p. dose, for which rates were greater in the 2nd hr. Lidocaine p.o. (15-30 mg/kg) did not increase activity. Relating the area under the curve measures for serum cocaine (concentration-time) and LM activity (LM activity-time) for 2 hr postadministration indicated that cocaine was about twice as potent i.p., compared to p.o., in increasing LM activity. Cocaine (i.p. and p.o.) produced dose-related decrements in both discriminative motor control performance and in task …