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Urban Studies and Planning

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2017

Institution
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Articles 31 - 60 of 81

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

"Corporate Psychopaths" In Public Agencies?, Lee W. Hanson, David L. Baker Jun 2017

"Corporate Psychopaths" In Public Agencies?, Lee W. Hanson, David L. Baker

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Corporate leaders with psychopathic traits are the subject of a growing scientific literature. Recently, scholars have begun to examine such personalities in public agencies. In this article, we relate psychopathic public leaders to research on toxic and destructive leadership, leader personality disorder, and the Dark Triad/Tetrad of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personalities. Via a brief scenario, we illustrate how the term “corporate psychopath” might be used by lay employees lacking psychiatric expertise as a catchall term for any one of the four dark types in a leadership role. We argue that dark personalities are found in public agency leadership …

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The Logic Of Uncertainty And Executive Discretion In Decision Making: The Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex Ebola Response, Abraham David Benavides, Laura M. Keyes 5457315, David Mcentire, Erin K. Carlson Jun 2017

The Logic Of Uncertainty And Executive Discretion In Decision Making: The Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex Ebola Response, Abraham David Benavides, Laura M. Keyes 5457315, David Mcentire, Erin K. Carlson

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

This paper addresses an important question: what can a highly complex public health situation such as the Dallas-Fort Worth Ebola outbreak tell us about the use of discretion by executive level public administrators? The public administration literature is rich with evidence of street-level bureaucratic discretion, but has not explored executive level discretion decision making. The authors argue that in highly complex situations of uncertainty, such as in the case of the Dallas-Fort Worth regional Ebola emergency response, the executive use of discretion translates to decisions under the conditions of uncertainty. This article theorizes a logic of uncertainty when two important …

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Globalization, Economic Determinant Analysis And Corporate Psychopaths In Public Agencies, Andrew I.E. Ewoh Jun 2017

Globalization, Economic Determinant Analysis And Corporate Psychopaths In Public Agencies, Andrew I.E. Ewoh

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

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Outlandish Outsourcing, Traci Grodner Jun 2017

Outlandish Outsourcing, Traci Grodner

Best Integrated Writing

Grodner Provides a review of Thomas Friedman’s The Lexus and the Olive Tree that relates a personal anecdote about outsourcing to her academic analysis of the text. Grodner concludes that outsourcing has dire implications for both domestic and foreign workers.

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Economic Evaluation Of Coastal Land Loss In Louisiana, Stephen R. Barnes, Craig Bond, Nicholas Burger, Kate Anania, Aaron Strong, Sarah Weilant, Stephanie Virgets Jun 2017

Economic Evaluation Of Coastal Land Loss In Louisiana, Stephen R. Barnes, Craig Bond, Nicholas Burger, Kate Anania, Aaron Strong, Sarah Weilant, Stephanie Virgets

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

Louisiana has lost approximately 1,880 square miles of land over the past eighty years. Projections suggest that in a future without action, the next fifty years could result in the loss of 1,750 additional square miles of land area. As land loss continues, a large portion of the natural and man-made capital stocks of coastal Louisiana will be at greater risk of damage, either from land loss or from the associated increase in storm damage. We estimate the replacement cost of capital stock directly at risk from land loss ranges from approximately $2.1 billion to $3.5 billion with economic activity …

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Impacts Of New Light Rail Transit Service On Riders' Residential Relocation Decisions, You-Lian Chu, Yi Deng, Rongfang (Rachel) Liu Jun 2017

Impacts Of New Light Rail Transit Service On Riders' Residential Relocation Decisions, You-Lian Chu, Yi Deng, Rongfang (Rachel) Liu

Journal of Public Transportation

Using the rider survey data collected from Hudson-Bergen Light Rail Transit System in New Jersey, this paper investigated the residential relocating decisions of the riders who have been riding the LRT for a period of time. Using the Heckman’s sample selection model, the paper extends the current mobility literature by describing not only a rider’s likelihood to move as a result of the new LRT service but also the movers’ orientation toward their residence distances to LRT stations. Information on the socio-economic characteristics of the movers and their residence distances to LRT stations would help planners and developers identify areas …

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The S-Curve Of Technological Adoption: Mobile Communication Devices On Commuter Trains In The Chicago Region, 2010–2015, Joseph P. Schwieterman, Lauren A. Fischer Jun 2017

The S-Curve Of Technological Adoption: Mobile Communication Devices On Commuter Trains In The Chicago Region, 2010–2015, Joseph P. Schwieterman, Lauren A. Fischer

Journal of Public Transportation

Urban transit riders’ use of mobile communication devices has grown markedly in recent years. Studies evaluating the usage of these devices have generally focused on only one or two points in time, limiting their ability to describe long-range trends. To foster insights into this issue, this study evaluated data from 15,531 passenger observations collected on 156 commuter trains on the metropolitan commuter rail system of Chicago, Illinois, from 2010 through 2015. The data show that the rate of technological usage is following an S-shaped pattern among passengers. The share of passengers using mobile communication devices at observed points grew sharpest …

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Ticket To The Past: A Political History Of The Mexico City Metro, 1958-1969, Maxwell E.P. Ulin May 2017

Ticket To The Past: A Political History Of The Mexico City Metro, 1958-1969, Maxwell E.P. Ulin

Grand Valley Journal of History

This essay outlines the historic political battle between Mexico's longest serving mayor, Ernesto Uruchurtu, and the nation's president, Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, over the construction of what would become the second largest subway system in the Western Hemisphere, The Mexico City Metro. The conflict, which eventually resulted in Uruchurtu's resignation, was characterized by latent political tensions between the PRI and Mexican middle class that would erupt in 1968 and lead to the ultimate decline of PRI hegemony. I thus argue that the new Metro project did not reflect Mexico's democratic modernization--as its supporters meant it to do--but rather the vestiges of …

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Identifying Corners Stores As The Future Of Healthy Food Access In African American Communities, Victor Romano, Jennifer Lee, Elliott Royal, Katherine Metzo, William Ruth, Theodore Hartsook Apr 2017

Identifying Corners Stores As The Future Of Healthy Food Access In African American Communities, Victor Romano, Jennifer Lee, Elliott Royal, Katherine Metzo, William Ruth, Theodore Hartsook

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

For many people, the corner store remains the main grocer, or the only source of sustenance in minority communities. This study examined the distribution of corner stores as a future reference point to provide healthy food access to predominantly African American communities that lack full service grocery stores. Business data was obtained from respective county by use of Standard Industrial Codes. Each corner store was then categorized by either being Full Service (Stores that sell fresh produce, fresh meat, fresh dairy, and processed foods) or Non-Full Service (stores that do not sell all four categories of foods included in the …

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Race And Justice Outcomes: Contextualizing Racial Discrimination And Ferguson, Jason M. Williams Apr 2017

Race And Justice Outcomes: Contextualizing Racial Discrimination And Ferguson, Jason M. Williams

Ralph Bunche Journal of Public Affairs

While scores of literature may hint at the tumultuous relationship between the criminal justice system and Blacks, such literature, however, fail to assess, comprehensively, the intersectional purpose of present criminal justice processes and race. This paper will examine contemporary applications of justice along racial lines. It is argued that current justice outcomes are advantageous to the status quo. It is no secret that the American system of justice has a race problem; however, if the goal is to administer justice then, as this paper argues, the current system needs to be seriously examined and rebuilt. The paper also argues that …

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Examining The Impact Of Institutional Racism In Black Residentially Segregated Communities, Brandi Blessett, Vanessa Littleton Apr 2017

Examining The Impact Of Institutional Racism In Black Residentially Segregated Communities, Brandi Blessett, Vanessa Littleton

Ralph Bunche Journal of Public Affairs

This article examines the impact of public policies in inner city communities. Using Ferguson, MO as an exemplar, the authors offer a contextual analysis of a community recently in the spotlight for the killing of an unarmed black man by a law enforcement officer. Through the lens of the social determinants of health, we examine “place” as a powerful determinant of health and community outcomes. We consider the implications of public policies and the subsequent impact on social and economic context. The authors highlight the existence of social, economic, environmental, political, and cultural factors experienced by Blacks in Ferguson, MO …

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The Year 2014: A Banner Year For Institutional Racism, Andrew I.E. Ewoh Apr 2017

The Year 2014: A Banner Year For Institutional Racism, Andrew I.E. Ewoh

Ralph Bunche Journal of Public Affairs

The Ralph Bunche Journal of Public Affairs is dedicating this special issue to the profound and pervasive effects of institutional racism that were prominent in 2014. The year 2014 might be viewed as a remarkable year for institutional racism. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Section IV of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 is no longer necessary.

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Usage Of Green Spaces At The University Of Cape Coast By Non-African Foreign Students, Yaw Asamoah, Ishmael Mensah, Osman Adams, Paul Baidoo, Akosua B. Ameyaw-Akumfi, Collins Adjei Mensah Dr. Apr 2017

Usage Of Green Spaces At The University Of Cape Coast By Non-African Foreign Students, Yaw Asamoah, Ishmael Mensah, Osman Adams, Paul Baidoo, Akosua B. Ameyaw-Akumfi, Collins Adjei Mensah Dr.

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

Universities all over the world have green spaces (GS) as an integral part of their campuses because of the significant benefits derived from them. Aside enhancing the image of universities, GS influence the academic performance of students by reducing stress. This paper examines the preferences and uses of green spaces on UCC campus by Non-African foreign students (NAFS). Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations and by the use of Arc-GIS 10.1 software. Sixteen NAFS were interviewed during the second semester of the 2013/2014 academic year. It was found out that the usage of GS was influenced by factors such …

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Access To Taxicabs For Unbanked Households: An Exploratory Analysis In New York City, David A. King, Juan Francisco Saldarriaga Mar 2017

Access To Taxicabs For Unbanked Households: An Exploratory Analysis In New York City, David A. King, Juan Francisco Saldarriaga

Journal of Public Transportation

Taxicabs are critical complements to public transit systems. In New York City, ubiquitous yellow cabs are as iconic as the city’s subway system, and the city recently added green taxicabs to improve taxi service in areas outside of the Central Business Districts and airports. In this paper, we used multiple datasets to explore taxicab fare payments by neighborhood and examine how paid taxicab fares are associated with use of conventional banking services. There are clear spatial dimensions of the propensity of riders to pay cash, and we found that both immigrant status and being “unbanked” are strong predictors of cash …

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A New Market Segmentation Approach: Evidence From Two Canadian Cities, Dea Van Lierop, Ahmed El-Geneidy Mar 2017

A New Market Segmentation Approach: Evidence From Two Canadian Cities, Dea Van Lierop, Ahmed El-Geneidy

Journal of Public Transportation

Traditionally, transit market research has categorized passengers into two distinct groups: captive riders and choice riders. Market analyses that depend on such broad categories are likely to overlook important details about the needs and desires of their customer base. This study attempts to better understand the complexities of the different groups who take transit by using information from five years of customer satisfaction questionnaires collected by two Canadian transit providers. Employing a series of clustering techniques, the analysis reveals that nine market segments are present across different modes in both transit agencies. Three different overarching groups of transit users are …

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The Causal Effect Of Bus Rapid Transit On Changes In Transit Ridership, Orion T. Stewart, Anne Vernez Moudon, Brian E. Saelens Mar 2017

The Causal Effect Of Bus Rapid Transit On Changes In Transit Ridership, Orion T. Stewart, Anne Vernez Moudon, Brian E. Saelens

Journal of Public Transportation

Numerous studies have reported ridership increases along routes when Bus rapid transit (BRT) replaces conventional bus service, but these increases could be due simply to broader temporal trends in transit ridership. To address this limitation, we compared changes in ridership among routes where BRT was implemented to routes where BRT was planned or already existed in King County, Washington. Ridership was measured at 2010, 2013, and 2014. Ridership increased by 35% along routes where BRT was implemented from 2010 to 2013 compared to routes that maintained conventional bus service. Ridership increased by 29% along routes where BRT was implemented from …

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Measuring The Accuracy Of Bus Rapid Transit Forecasts, John Perry Mar 2017

Measuring The Accuracy Of Bus Rapid Transit Forecasts, John Perry

Journal of Public Transportation

The research of Dr. Bent Flyvbjerg in the 1990s and early 2000s showed that urban rail projects often cost more than estimated and carried fewer riders than projected, a troubling trend suggesting that the forecasts for urban rail projects were too optimistic in terms of cost and ridership. Inspired by that research, this analysis seeks to extend that framework to analyze Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). A study of forecast vs. actual costs and ridership was conducted for 19 BRT projects in the United States. From this, it was found that the cost projections for these projects tended to be quite …

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Paris And The Birth Of The Modern Fantastic During The Nineteenth Century, Patricia Garcia Mar 2017

Paris And The Birth Of The Modern Fantastic During The Nineteenth Century, Patricia Garcia

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In her article "Paris and the Birth of the Modern Fantastic during the Nineteenth Century" Patricia Garcia discusses the unprecedented growth of Europe's urban centers during the nineteenth century in relation to the realist novel and takes urban and literary Paris as a paradigm. However, nineteenth-century Paris was also to become the epicenter of another narrative form: the fantastic. Garcia's objective is to explore how the modern city fueled the development of the fantastic by combining the literary and urban angle: how do works of the fantastic write the city? What role does the modern city play in the emergence …

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Citizen Evaluation Of Government And Confidence In Public Institutions In Emergent Islamic Democracies: Evidence From Afghanistan, Nicholas O. Alozie, Andrew I.E. Ewoh Feb 2017

Citizen Evaluation Of Government And Confidence In Public Institutions In Emergent Islamic Democracies: Evidence From Afghanistan, Nicholas O. Alozie, Andrew I.E. Ewoh

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Extant literature on citizen evaluation of government and confidence in public institutions is anchored on findings largely derived from the rich and enduring democratic traditions of Western industrialized democracies. This research explores whether this literature informs and can be generalized to similar phenomena in a developmental Islamic democracy, such as that in Afghanistan. Analyzing national probability survey data of adult Afghans, we find that prevailing theories of citizen evaluation of government and confidence in public institutions do offer viable explanations, although the effect of each factor varies according to both level of government and institution. Also, the effects of perceptions …

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Explaining Political Trust Among African Americans, Maruice Mangum Feb 2017

Explaining Political Trust Among African Americans, Maruice Mangum

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

African Americans have low levels of political trust when compared to white Americans. Explanations of African American’s political trust remain minimal. Utilizing data taken from the 1996 National Black Election Study and ordered probit to analyze the data, this study examines four explanations of African American political trust. It estimates political trust as a function of demographics, perceptions about the economy, beneficence from the government, and race orientation. Results show support for most of these factors, but no support for government beneficence. Social location, economic evaluations, and orientation to race influence African American political trust. I conclude that group-centric perceptions …

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Does Kipp Grow Advantaged? Analyzing Kipp Campuses Over Time, Robert Maranto, Sarah B. Moore, Gary Ritter Feb 2017

Does Kipp Grow Advantaged? Analyzing Kipp Campuses Over Time, Robert Maranto, Sarah B. Moore, Gary Ritter

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP) charter schools are regarded as among the most academically successful schools serving high poverty populations. KIPP schools serve students that are more likely to be poor and from racial minorities than their peers in nearby traditional public schools. Nevertheless, it is possible that, as parents become aware of KIPP’s seemingly successful track record, the student population at KIPP might become less disadvantaged over time. Using Common Core data, we examined demographic changes in 81 KIPP schools that opened between 1995 and 2011, finding no quantitative evidence that KIPP students are growing more advantaged over time. …

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Shifting The Blame In Public Education: Are There Parallels Between Opinion And Policy?, Barbara Patrick, Aaron . C. Rollins Jr Feb 2017

Shifting The Blame In Public Education: Are There Parallels Between Opinion And Policy?, Barbara Patrick, Aaron . C. Rollins Jr

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

Federal policies have expanded the use of market driven performance reforms. A growing number of these reforms assume that citizens believe educators should be held accountable for outcomes and funding sanctions will cause underperforming school to enhance outcomes. However it is unclear if citizens share these views. This research assesses these assumptions by examining who citizens believe should be most accountable for education outcomes and whether they support policies that removes funds from underperforming schools and rewards them to other education entities. The results reveal that citizens believe either parents or students should be held more accountable for education outcomes, …

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The Economic Impact Of Changing Water Levels: A Regional Economic Analysis Of Lake Thurmond, Rob Carey, Lori A. Dickes, Elizabeth L. Crouch Feb 2017

The Economic Impact Of Changing Water Levels: A Regional Economic Analysis Of Lake Thurmond, Rob Carey, Lori A. Dickes, Elizabeth L. Crouch

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

This article examines the economic impact of declining lake levels on the local economy in six counties near the publically managed Thurmond Reservoir, located along the border of Georgia and South Carolina. A regression analysis of the relationship between lake level elevations and lake front real estate transactions is used in conjunction with an input-output model to estimate the median monthly economic impact of a one-foot increase in lake level in terms of employment, output, disposable income, and net local government revenue on the six counties bordering the lake. Thurmond Lake elevations have a statistically significant impact on regional economic …

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Representative Bureaucracy, Street-Level Bureaucrats And Bureaucratic Discretion In Federal Disaster Assistance, Jason David Rivera Feb 2017

Representative Bureaucracy, Street-Level Bureaucrats And Bureaucratic Discretion In Federal Disaster Assistance, Jason David Rivera

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

This paper explores the role of representative bureaucracy and bureaucratic discretion in the allocation of federal disaster assistance to Hurricane Sandy survivors. Through the analysis of focus groups and key informant interviews, this study finds that FEMA home inspectors are not diverse in reference to race and gender; however, inspectors are found to be diverse in reference to place of origin. Although the role that race and gender play in the allocation of resources is found to be unclear, the region from which inspectors come from is found to be influential in the allocation of aid to survivors. As such, …

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Representative Bureaucracy, Recidivism, Education, Public Trust, And Citizen Evaluation Of Government, Andrew I.E. Ewoh Feb 2017

Representative Bureaucracy, Recidivism, Education, Public Trust, And Citizen Evaluation Of Government, Andrew I.E. Ewoh

Journal of Public Management & Social Policy

No abstract provided.

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Quietly Conscious: A Discussion Of Fetal Personhood And Abortion, Gabriella Graziani Feb 2017

Quietly Conscious: A Discussion Of Fetal Personhood And Abortion, Gabriella Graziani

Exigence

This document examines the Abortion debate by specifically discussing fetal personhood. The author first summarizes the history of the abortion debate and asserts that the argument over life at conception is a not a new concept. The author further addresses the number of abortions compared to live births in the Fredericksburg area, making sure to promote the serious nature of this problem. By first exploring the concept of fetal pain, it is concluded that though there is not scientific certainty on the topic, some scientist assert that it could be an emerging problem if more study was put into the …

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Income Divide And Race/Ethnicity In Tennessee Metropolises, Madhuri Sharma Jan 2017

Income Divide And Race/Ethnicity In Tennessee Metropolises, Madhuri Sharma

International Journal of Geospatial and Environmental Research

Tennessee, like other Southeastern states, has also gained in its share of racial/ethnic diversity, but it also contains some of the most segregated and poorest (e.g., Memphis) metropolises in the southeast. This paper examines one dimension of inequality – the income divide – measured here by the 95/20 Ratio. Important questions include: How does income divide vary across the major racial/ethnic groups in Tennessee’s ten metropolises? How do they associate with diversity, segregation, and other geographic predictors? By using simple ranking and correlations analyses to explore these relationships, I find that metropolises that are large, diverse and mostly segregated, with …

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Development And Environmental Injustice In Malaysia: A Story Of Indigenous Resistance In Sarawak, May Tay '17 Jan 2017

Development And Environmental Injustice In Malaysia: A Story Of Indigenous Resistance In Sarawak, May Tay '17

EnviroLab Asia

In 2008, the Federal Government of Malaysian announced an initiative to build 20,000 megawatts of mega dams along a 320km corridor in Sarawak. Named the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE), the scheme would create one of five regional development corridors throughout Malaysia, and was part of the government’s strategy to make the state of Sarawak ‘developed’ by 2020 through industrialization and renewable energy development (Recoda). Of the mega dams planned for construction by 2020, three have been completed, with construction for the others underway and the construction process frequently delayed by resistance from local indigenous communities. Indigenous tribe members …

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Considerations Of Development In Malaysian Borneo, Zayn Kassam Jan 2017

Considerations Of Development In Malaysian Borneo, Zayn Kassam

EnviroLab Asia

Given Malaysia’s vast natural resources, the country has embarked on an ambitious set of development projects capitalizing on the opportunities afforded by extractive industrialization. Global and national demand for oil palm products, timber, and hydropower resources coupled with a governmental development agenda guided by neoliberal market principles has led to both economic growth and social and environmental injustice. This chapter argues for an alternative development model along the lines suggested by Escobar in addressing Malaysia’s path to development and fiscal well-being in a manner that safeguards its cultural and natural resources.

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Hydropower, Oil Palm, And Sustainability, Fernando Salud '17 Jan 2017

Hydropower, Oil Palm, And Sustainability, Fernando Salud '17

EnviroLab Asia

This reflection touches on the writer’s experiences during the EnviroLab Asia Clinic trip in early 2016 to Borneo, Malaysia and Singapore. The reflection involves two events: a visit to a blockade protesting the construction of a hydroelectric dam and a meeting with the sustainability department of Wilmar, one of the world’s leading palm oil producers. The first event comments on the tension between the need for renewable energy and the destruction of the natural environment and communities due to the particular energy generation technology chosen. This event highlighted the importance of understanding the societal constraints a technology is being installed …

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