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Sociology

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2016

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Articles 3841 - 3857 of 3857

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

How To Make Suburbia Less Sprawling, Michael Lewyn Dec 2015

How To Make Suburbia Less Sprawling, Michael Lewyn

Michael E Lewyn

Review of Retrofitting Sprawl, edited by Emily Talen.

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Using Social Norms As A Substitute For Law, Bryan H. Druzin Dec 2015

Using Social Norms As A Substitute For Law, Bryan H. Druzin

Bryan H. Druzin

This paper follows the law and norms literature in arguing that policymakers can use social norms to support or even replace regulation. Key to the approach offered here is the idea — borrowed from the folk theorem in game theory — that cooperative order can arise in circumstances where parties repeatedly interact. This paper proposes that repeated interaction between the same agents, specifically the intensity of it, may be used as a yardstick with which to gauge the potential to scale back regulation and use social norms as a substitute for law. Where there are very high levels of repeated …

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Intermediary’S Technology Satisfaction And Performance In Chhattisgarh Public Distribution System: Research Note, Varun Chhabra, Prashant Rajan, Shweta Chopra Dec 2015

Intermediary’S Technology Satisfaction And Performance In Chhattisgarh Public Distribution System: Research Note, Varun Chhabra, Prashant Rajan, Shweta Chopra

Prashant Rajan

Centralized online real-time electronic Public Distribution System (COREPDS) is one of the various technological and administrative reforms introduced by state government of Chhattisgarh to empower beneficiary. COREPDS allows the beneficiary to choose fair price shop where they can purchase subsidized commodities. Salespersons’ working in the fair price shops are the primary operators of point-of-sale (POS) devices introduced in COREPDS. The fact that adoption of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is mandatory in egovernance makes it important to study technology satisfaction. In this research note, we propose to investigate the relationship between fair price shop performance after the implementation of point-of-sale …

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Ambient Air Concentrations Exceeded Health Based Standards For Fine Particulate Matter And Benzene During The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Earthea Nance, Denae King, Beverly Wright, Robert D. Bullard Dec 2015

Ambient Air Concentrations Exceeded Health Based Standards For Fine Particulate Matter And Benzene During The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Earthea Nance, Denae King, Beverly Wright, Robert D. Bullard

Earthea Nance, PhD (Stanford University, 2004)

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Convict Criminology And Struggle For Inclusion, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D., Richard S. Jones, Mike Lenza, Stephen C. Richards Dec 2015

Convict Criminology And Struggle For Inclusion, Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D., Richard S. Jones, Mike Lenza, Stephen C. Richards

Jeffrey Ian Ross Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

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Moral Judgments, Expressive Functions, And Bias In Immigration Law, Emily Ryo Dec 2015

Moral Judgments, Expressive Functions, And Bias In Immigration Law, Emily Ryo

Emily Ryo

In a lucid and trenchant style characteristic of Professor Hiroshi Motomura’s writing, Immigration Outside the Law offers rich descriptive and prescriptive analyses of three major themes underlying debates about unauthorized migration: the meaning of unlawful presence, state and local involvement in the regulation of unauthorized migration, and the integration of unauthorized migrants into American society. This review advances several ideas that I argue are important to understanding these key themes. In brief, I suggest that a more comprehensive understanding of public debates about unauthorized migration requires examining lay moral judgments about unlawful presence, the expressive functions of immigration law, and …

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Detained: A Study Of Immigration Bond Hearings, Emily Ryo Dec 2015

Detained: A Study Of Immigration Bond Hearings, Emily Ryo

Emily Ryo

Immigration judges make consequential decisions that fundamentally affect the basic life chances of thousands of noncitizens and their family members every year. Yet, we know very little about how immigration judges make their decisions, including decisions about whether to release or detain noncitizens pending the completion of their immigration cases. Using original data on long-term immigrant detainees, I examine for the first time judicial decision-making in immigration bond hearings. I find that there are extremely wide variations in the average bond grant rates and bond amount decisions among judges in the study sample. What are the determinants of these bond …

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From Playing To Programming: The Effect Of Video Game Play On Confidence With Computers And An Interest In Computer Science, Rebecca Sevin, Whitney Decamp Dec 2015

From Playing To Programming: The Effect Of Video Game Play On Confidence With Computers And An Interest In Computer Science, Rebecca Sevin, Whitney Decamp

Whitney DeCamp

Research on the effects of playing video games has been limited by a preoccupation with possible negative repercussions. Nevertheless, research has shown that video games can have positive effects on young players' social lives. The existing body of research, however, has largely ignored the more computer-related aspects of video game play and its effects. This study provides empirical evidence to support theoretical arguments about the relationship between playing video games and computers. The type of scientific thinking encouraged by video games and the technological abilities needed to play video games is suggested to result in an increase in players’ confidence …

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“Money Will Solve The Problem”: Testing The Effectiveness Of Conditional Incentives For Online Surveys, Whitney Decamp Dec 2015

“Money Will Solve The Problem”: Testing The Effectiveness Of Conditional Incentives For Online Surveys, Whitney Decamp

Whitney DeCamp

Incentivizing survey participation through the use of cash or other rewards has often been used to encourage participation. This is often done with the hopes of increasing response rates and, therefore, representativeness of the responding sample as well. The effectiveness of incentives has generally been shown to be positive, but results have been mixed for conditional incentives and for online surveys. Using an experimental design, this study uses a random sample of undergraduate students to estimate group differences, incorporating both official and self-report data. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three different groups with varying incentives of five dollars, …

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Motivation Is Key: The Differing Predictors Of Adolescents’ Nonmedical Use Of Prescription Drugs, Whitney Decamp, James Herzig, Brooke O'Neil, Daniel J. O’Connell Dec 2015

Motivation Is Key: The Differing Predictors Of Adolescents’ Nonmedical Use Of Prescription Drugs, Whitney Decamp, James Herzig, Brooke O'Neil, Daniel J. O’Connell

Whitney DeCamp

The concern over the nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) has increased in recent years, as the public and substance use experts become increasingly aware of the high prevalence of such prescription drug use. Despite increased research in this area, little research has focused on the motivations for NMUPD. This is a noteworthy limitation, as recreational users may be quite different from those who are using prescription drugs without a prescription to treat a medical illness/condition. The present study uses data from over 11,000 eleventh grade students to model the predictors of NMUPD by motivation for using. Results indicate that …

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Self-Injury, Suicide Ideation, And Sexual Orientation: Differences In Causes And Correlates Among High School Students, Whitney Decamp, Nicholas W. Bakken Dec 2015

Self-Injury, Suicide Ideation, And Sexual Orientation: Differences In Causes And Correlates Among High School Students, Whitney Decamp, Nicholas W. Bakken

Whitney DeCamp

Background: Research has suggested that sexual minority youth are more likely to experience a number of behavioral and health-related risk factors due to their exposure to negative attitudes and beliefs about sexual minorities. Few studies, however, have examined the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among sexual minority youth. With self-cutting and suicidal ideation common in middle and high schools, understanding the antecedents and correlates of such behavior may help identify troubled students and initiate preventative measures.

Methods: Bivariate probit regression analyses are performed using data from 7,326 high school students collected via the Delaware Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Results: Results …

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Distributive Conflict And Regime Change: A Qualitative Dataset, Stephan Haggard, Terence Teo, Robert Kaufman Dec 2015

Distributive Conflict And Regime Change: A Qualitative Dataset, Stephan Haggard, Terence Teo, Robert Kaufman

Terence Teo

No abstract provided.

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Just Leave, Catherine R. Albiston, Lindsey Trimble O'Connor Dec 2015

Just Leave, Catherine R. Albiston, Lindsey Trimble O'Connor

Catherine R. Albiston

No abstract provided.

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Intimate Citizenship, Sonny Nordmarken, Laura Heston, Alyssa Goldstein Dec 2015

Intimate Citizenship, Sonny Nordmarken, Laura Heston, Alyssa Goldstein

Sonny Nordmarken

No abstract provided.

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Incumbent Landscapes, Disruptive Uses: Perspectives On Marijuana-Related Land Use Control, Donald J. Kochan Dec 2015

Incumbent Landscapes, Disruptive Uses: Perspectives On Marijuana-Related Land Use Control, Donald J. Kochan

Donald J. Kochan

The story behind the move toward marijuana’s legality is a story of disruptive forces to the incumbent legal and physical landscape. It affects incumbent markets, incumbent places, the incumbent regulatory structure, and the legal system in general which must mediate the battles involving the push for relaxation of illegality and adaptation to accepting new marijuana-related land uses, against efforts toward entrenchment, resilience, and resistance to that disruption.

This Article is entirely agnostic on the issue of whether we should or should not decriminalize, legalize, or otherwise increase legal tolerance for marijuana or any other drugs. Nonetheless, we must grapple with …

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The Anatomy Of The Russian Elite, Peter Rutland Dec 2015

The Anatomy Of The Russian Elite, Peter Rutland

Peter Rutland

This paper uses John Higley’s elite theory to analyze the sources of cohesion and fragmentation in Russia’s post-soviet political and economic elites. Putin has achieved temporary stability but has not succeeded in forging a unified elite.

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Social Structure, Power And Financial Fraud, Elisabeth Brooke Harrington Dec 2015

Social Structure, Power And Financial Fraud, Elisabeth Brooke Harrington

Brooke Harrington

This paper examines financial fraud as a manifestation of power by elites. The perspective is historical, going back to the 18th century, but the emphasis is on the 2008 global financial crisis and its sources.

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