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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Keyword
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- Inequality (4)
- Seniors (4)
- Immigrants (3)
- Older Canadians (3)
- Population (3)
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- Public Policy (3)
- Baby boomers (2)
- Ethnic Identity (2)
- First Nations (2)
- Immigrant health (2)
- Immigrant identity (2)
- Immigration (2)
- Income inequality (2)
- Migration (2)
- Older adults (2)
- Retirement (2)
- Socioeconomic inequalities (2)
- Visible minority (2)
- Aboriginal peoples (1)
- Academic performance (1)
- Adult education (1)
- Age discrimination (1)
- Aging (1)
- Aging population (1)
- Allophones (1)
- Anti-smoking measures (1)
- CO2 emissions (1)
- Canada Pension Plan (1)
- Caregiver assessment (1)
- Caregiving (1)
Articles 31 - 51 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Research Brief No. 13 - The Social And Health Service Needs Of Aboriginal Peoples In Urban Southern Ontario, Martin Cooke, Julia Woodhall, Jennifer Mcwhirter
Research Brief No. 13 - The Social And Health Service Needs Of Aboriginal Peoples In Urban Southern Ontario, Martin Cooke, Julia Woodhall, Jennifer Mcwhirter
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The disproportionate needs of urban Aboriginal people make it important for urban social and health service providers to understand the conditions faced by this population. This synthesis paper reviews recent literature on urban Aboriginal populations in order to identify their characteristics and main areas of need. It is meant to inform those who work in health and social service planning and delivery in smaller urban centers, particularly non-Aboriginal service agencies in Southern Ontario. The existing research shows that urbanized First Nations, Métis and Inuit have greater needs for specific health, cultural, justice, financial, and educational services. Further-more, the literature indicates …
Research Brief No. 12 - The Effect Of Work Arrangements On Perceived Work-Family Balance, Karen A. Duncan, Rachael N. Pettigrew
Research Brief No. 12 - The Effect Of Work Arrangements On Perceived Work-Family Balance, Karen A. Duncan, Rachael N. Pettigrew
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The combined demands of the modern work world and raising a healthy family have many Canadian struggling to find enough time. Canadians are working more and more hours while wages largely remain stagnant. In order to address this growing concern, alternate work arrangements have been increasingly used to help employees strike some degree of work-family balance and decrease related issues of absenteeism and turnover in the workplace. This research explores the effect of three unique work strategies — flexible schedules, shift work and self-employment — on men and women in dual-earner families. It examines each arrangement’s impact on reported satisfaction …
Research Brief No. 11 - How Costs Affect Student Choice Of University, Martin D. Dooley, A. Abigail Payne, A. Leslie Robb
Research Brief No. 11 - How Costs Affect Student Choice Of University, Martin D. Dooley, A. Abigail Payne, A. Leslie Robb
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This study delves into the link between the cost to attain an undergraduate degree and the choice of university among academically stronger students. By looking at Ontario Undergraduate Application Centre data as well as the average family income in the student’s neighbourhood, researchers were able to conclude that the number of strong registrants at a university does not change substantially when there is a change in the net cost (tuition minus entry scholarship) of attending the institution. Entry scholar-ships usually are granted solely on the basis of high school grades and are guaranteed to any qualified applicant. There are, however, …
Policy Brief No. 12 - Quebec’S Family Policies Benefit Childbearing And Work, Roderic Beaujot, Du Ching Jiangqin, Zenaida Ravanera
Policy Brief No. 12 - Quebec’S Family Policies Benefit Childbearing And Work, Roderic Beaujot, Du Ching Jiangqin, Zenaida Ravanera
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The uniqueness of Quebec in Canada, and its attempt to be in control of its own destiny, also applies to family policy. Specifically, Quebec family policies have helped to increase fertility rates, promote more favourable attitudes toward child care, led to more people using child care in Quebec than the rest of Canada, improved people’s satisfaction with child care, and allowed more women with young children to participate in paid work than the rest of Canada. However, the child development indicators have not progressed as positively in Quebec when compared to the rest of Canada. This suggests that universal programs …
Policy Brief No. 11 - British Columbia Esl Policy Reform: Reduces Costs And Maintains Student Outcomes, Martin Dooley, Cesar Furtado
Policy Brief No. 11 - British Columbia Esl Policy Reform: Reduces Costs And Maintains Student Outcomes, Martin Dooley, Cesar Furtado
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
English as a Second Language (ESL) reform in British Columbia (BC) has led to a slight increase in standardized tests reading scores of students from Kindergarten to Grade12, while also reducing costs. ESL is a program aimed at helping young immigrants whose home language is not English to improve their language skills in order to do better at school. Students' relative standings in standardized tests in the province were compared before and after the implementation of the reform. The prediction that the reform would have adverse effects was not supported. The reform, implemented in 1999 in BC, limited supplementary funding …
Research Brief No. 10 - Analyzing Canadian Women Working After Childbirth As Lifecourse Transition, Stéphanie Gaudet, Martin Cooke, Joanna Jacob
Research Brief No. 10 - Analyzing Canadian Women Working After Childbirth As Lifecourse Transition, Stéphanie Gaudet, Martin Cooke, Joanna Jacob
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This research focused on Canadian mothers who had a first child between 1970 and 1999, and the probability of these mothers working shortly after childbearing. Authors Stéphanie Gaudet, Martin Cooke and Joanna Jacob studied the change and underlying dynamics with two main questions. First, what are the characteristics that affect Canadian women’s employment? And how have women’s employment transitions after the birth of a first child changed over time? The investigators probed the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on labor force withdrawal using the 2001 General Social Survey, Cycle 15 on Family History. Employment transition was viewed through a type of …
Research Brief No. 9 - Racial Minority Immigrant Offspring Successes In The United States, Canada, And Australia, Jeffrey G. Reitz, Heather Zhang, Naoko Hawkins
Research Brief No. 9 - Racial Minority Immigrant Offspring Successes In The United States, Canada, And Australia, Jeffrey G. Reitz, Heather Zhang, Naoko Hawkins
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
How well-off are second-generation immigrants in the US, Canada, and Australia? In this study, we examine the successes of immigrant offspring as compared to the respective mainstream populations (third- and higher-generation whites). We also ask whether cross-national differences in the successes of immigrants carry over to their children. We discover that the educational, occupational, and income achievements of second-generation immigrants are very similar for several ethnic groups across these countries. Each country shows common patterns of high achievement for the Chinese and South Asian second generation, less for those of other Asian origins, and still less for Afro-Caribbean blacks.
Research Brief No. 8 - A Widening Parental Leisure Gap, Glenn J. Stalker
Research Brief No. 8 - A Widening Parental Leisure Gap, Glenn J. Stalker
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Who in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom have the least time for lei-sure? Our study finds that the distribution of leisure time today depends not only on gender, as previously found, but also on family and employment status. Since the 1960s, the amount of leisure time available to men and to women has become increasingly similar. However, parents of young children and those employed full-time are having increasingly less time for leisure than non-parents and those who are not employed. These analyses demonstrate the need to qualify accounts of over-work and the double-burden.
Research Brief No. 7 - Social Participation In Canada Viewed Through A Life Course Approach, Stéphanie Gaudet
Research Brief No. 7 - Social Participation In Canada Viewed Through A Life Course Approach, Stéphanie Gaudet
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The level of participation in civic and public life in Canada fell significantly from 1992 to 2005. This prompted author Stéphanie Gaudet to ask: how has social participation evolved from 1992 to 2005? And, who are the individuals who participated socially in 2005? Previous studies and policy development on social participation have largely neglected the collective dimension of communities and life course approaches. At the heart of Gaudet’s research, therefore, is a need to further understanding of changes in the life courses of Canadians. In turn, this understanding can help policy makers develop finely tuned policies to foster greater individual …
Research Brief No. 6 - Family Background And Economic Mobility In The United States And Canada, Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, Shelley Phipps
Research Brief No. 6 - Family Background And Economic Mobility In The United States And Canada, Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, Shelley Phipps
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Canadians and Americans have very similar notions of what constitutes the “good life”: largely economic success, stability, health and freedom. They also both believe that the way to achieve that success is through hard work, ambition and personal choices. However, there is a large gap between the ability of Canadians and Americans to achieve a different economic status than their parents. On average, three times more economic inequality is passed on in the United States than in Canada, and the largest gaps occur at the extremes of the spectrum: the richest segment of the population and the poorest. This gap …
Research Brief No. 5 - The Changing Impact Of Motherhood On Employment Across Generations Of Canadian Women, Philippe Pacaut, Celine Le Bourdais, Benoit Laplante
Research Brief No. 5 - The Changing Impact Of Motherhood On Employment Across Generations Of Canadian Women, Philippe Pacaut, Celine Le Bourdais, Benoit Laplante
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Women’s work histories are closely interwoven with motherhood, as shown by previous studies that have examined Canadian women’s family histories in relation to their movements of entry into—and exit from—the labour market. These studies have either supported or reinforced, at least implicitly, the existence of an incompatibility between motherhood and paid work. The results of these studies are interesting in that they provided a broad picture of how Canadian women adapted their work lives according to family events. However, the image they reveal is static and incomplete, failing to highlight the changes experienced among recent generations of women. We examined …
Research Brief No. 4 - An International Comparison Of Lifetime Inequality: How Continental Europe Resembles North America, Audra Bowlus, Jean-Marc Robin
Research Brief No. 4 - An International Comparison Of Lifetime Inequality: How Continental Europe Resembles North America, Audra Bowlus, Jean-Marc Robin
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Is earnings inequality in North America as high as previous research has suggested? And how does North America compare to Europe? Previous studies on this topic have found a higher level of earnings inequality in North America than in Continental Europe. However, these studies have focused largely on earnings in a single year. In their forthcoming study on earnings inequality, authors Audra Bowlus and Jean-Marc Robin develop a new methodology for investigating and comparing earnings inequality in North America and Europe. The methodology developed by Bowlus and Robin constructs a measure of lifetime earnings in order to compare lifetime earnings …
Research Brief No. 3 - Disability And Support Networks Of Older Canadians, Janice Keefe, Samuel Vézina, Jacques Légaré, Yann Décarie, Guillaume Lefrançois
Research Brief No. 3 - Disability And Support Networks Of Older Canadians, Janice Keefe, Samuel Vézina, Jacques Légaré, Yann Décarie, Guillaume Lefrançois
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The percentage of older Canadians requiring assistance with health-related tasks due to a long-term health condition increases sharply with age (Chen & Wilkins, 1998). As the first of the Boomers reach age 65 in 2011, it is of great interest to identify trends in disability and support network usage, to better predict future needs and resources within community care. This project used data from five national datasets to investigate the global disability rate and examine socio-demographic characteristics associated with disability and the use of informal and formal support networks to assist older adults with a health problem in performing everyday …
Policy Brief No. 10 - The Town With No Poverty: Health Effects Of Guaranteed Annual Income, Evelyn L. Forget
Policy Brief No. 10 - The Town With No Poverty: Health Effects Of Guaranteed Annual Income, Evelyn L. Forget
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) has been advocated and opposed in both the United States and Canada as a means to fight poverty since the 1960s, but how does GAI influence specific health and social outcomes? In examining data from a town involved in a Canadian GAI field experiment, we primarily found that a relatively modest GAI can improve population health at the community level. Considering the increasing burden of health care costs in Canada, it is possible that implementing GAI could amount to considerable savings.
Policy Brief No. 9 - A Canada-Us Comparison Of The Wage Gap For Highly Educated Immigrants, Aneta Bonikowska, Feng Hou, Garnett Picot
Policy Brief No. 9 - A Canada-Us Comparison Of The Wage Gap For Highly Educated Immigrants, Aneta Bonikowska, Feng Hou, Garnett Picot
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This policy brief focuses on changes in the wages of university educated new immigrants over the 1980-2005 period in Canada and the United States. Generally speaking, wage outcomes for this group were superior in the U.S. Wages of university educated new immigrants relative to domestic born university graduates declined in Canada over that period but rose in the United States. Also, the university wage premium — the difference in the wages of the university and high school educated — for new immigrants was similar in both countries in 1980, but rose over the next two decades in the United States …
Policy Brief No. 8 - Cigarette Taxes And Smoking Participation: Evidence From Canadian Tax Increases, Sunday Azagba, Mesbah Sharaf
Policy Brief No. 8 - Cigarette Taxes And Smoking Participation: Evidence From Canadian Tax Increases, Sunday Azagba, Mesbah Sharaf
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Although cigarette taxes are a popular anti-smoking measure with policy-makers, we find evidence of a varied response to cigarette taxes among different groups of smokers in Canada. In particular, contrary to other studies, we find that the middle age group--the largest group of smokers in our sample--is largely unresponsive to taxes. Our results show there is no “one-size fits all” anti-smoking policy. Knowing socio-demographic characteristics of smokers who respond differently to tax increases will help in designing supplementary anti-smoking measures.
Policy Brief No. 6 - Age Of Pension Eligibility, Life Expectancy, And Social Policy, Frank T. Denton, Byron G. Spencer
Policy Brief No. 6 - Age Of Pension Eligibility, Life Expectancy, And Social Policy, Frank T. Denton, Byron G. Spencer
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
As the baby-boom generation retires over the next two decades, there will be a sharp increase in the fraction of the population eligible to receive public pension benefits. This increase would happen even without ongoing reductions in mortality rates and the resultant increases in life expectancy. However, reductions in mortality mean that the impact will be even greater, especially if no offsetting adjustment is made to the age at which people are eligible to receive pension benefits. Continued gains in life expectancy, when not accompanied by an extension of working life, result in increasingly large fractions of the human lifespan …
Policy Brief No. 5 - The Social And Health Consequences Of Family/Friend Caregiving, Stephanie Fletcher, Janet Fast, Jacquie Eales
Policy Brief No. 5 - The Social And Health Consequences Of Family/Friend Caregiving, Stephanie Fletcher, Janet Fast, Jacquie Eales
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The retrenchment of health care and other public support services coupled with economic and demographic changes have increased demands on family/friend caregivers. Family/friend caregivers are expected to do more with less. Yet the social and health consequences of providing family/friend care can undermine caregivers’ own wellbeing. A better understanding of these non-economic costs is important to preserving this vital resource. Using Statistics Canada’s 2007 General Social Survey (GSS), we describe the impact caregiving has on the health and social well-being of family/friend caregivers aged 45 and older in Canada.
Policy Brief No. 4 - What Determines Success In University, Martin M. Dooley, A. Abigail Payne, A. Leslie Robb
Policy Brief No. 4 - What Determines Success In University, Martin M. Dooley, A. Abigail Payne, A. Leslie Robb
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
We examine persistence and success using a rich administrative data set that links information on individual students at four Ontario universities with information on the high school performance of individual students, the high school that the student attended, and the neighbourhood in which the student grew up. These data sets provide many relevant factors, a large number of observations, and the actual measures (not self-reports) of such academic outcomes as grade averages, credits and degrees completed.
Policy Brief No. 3 - Employment Consequences Of Family/Friend Caregiving In Canada, Janet Fast, Karen Duncan, Chelsea Dunlop, Jacquie Eales, Norah Keating, Donna Lero, Satomi Yoshino
Policy Brief No. 3 - Employment Consequences Of Family/Friend Caregiving In Canada, Janet Fast, Karen Duncan, Chelsea Dunlop, Jacquie Eales, Norah Keating, Donna Lero, Satomi Yoshino
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
There are more than 2.3M employed family/friend caregivers in Canada. Their multiple competing demands come with the risk of such negative employment consequences as missing work days, reducing work hours or foregoing job opportunities. These carerelated employment consequences have economic costs for caregivers, their families and their employers. Using Statistics Canada’s 2007 General Social Survey (GSS), we describe the characteristics of employed family/friend caregivers age 45 and older in Canada and the impact caregiving has on their employment.
Policy Brief No. 2 - Gender Differences In Family/Friend Caregiving In Canada, Janet Fast, Karen Duncan, Chelsea Dunlop, Jacquie Eales, Norah Keating, Donna Lero, Satomi Yoshino
Policy Brief No. 2 - Gender Differences In Family/Friend Caregiving In Canada, Janet Fast, Karen Duncan, Chelsea Dunlop, Jacquie Eales, Norah Keating, Donna Lero, Satomi Yoshino
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Family/friend caregivers comprise the backbone of the Canadian health care system. They provide 70-80% of care to individuals with a chronic health problem or disability at an estimated value of $25-26 billion annually. For those who develop policies and programs to support the family/friend care sector, it is critical to understand the characteristics of current family/friend caregivers. Using data from Statistics Canada’s 2007 General Social Survey (GSS) on family, social support, and retirement, we describe the characteristics of family/friend caregivers age 45 and older in Canada.