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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 31 - 60 of 169
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Effects Of Extracurricular Activities And Physical Activity On Academic Success
Effects Of Extracurricular Activities And Physical Activity On Academic Success
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
In this paper, I provide a comprehensive review of recent literature (published since 2010) regarding the relation between academic success and participation in extracurricular activities. I examine the direct effects—both positive and negative—that such participation has on the academic performance of students of all grade levels. Subsequently, because sports constitute a large portion of the extracurricular spectrum, I also examine studies that analyze t he effects of physical activity on academic performance. These studies suggest that extracurricular activities may have a positive effect on academics, especially when they contribute to a balanced life, self-confidence, an increased sense of personal duty …
The Use Of Positive Psychological Methods By Religious Leaders And Their Effects On Depression In The Lgb Community
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Depression among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals (LGB individuals) is a complex issue involving many possible factors, including internalized homophobia and discrimination. Religiosity and religious leaders can exert both protecting and risk-inducing influences o n LGB depression, depending on how liberal or conservative the congregation’s stance is. The more conservative and non-gay-affirming a congregation is, the more likely an LGB individual is to develop depression (Gattis, Woodford, & Han, 2014). Positive psychology may help decrease the impact of intolerance on LGB individuals (Burckhardt, Manicavasagar, Batterham, & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2016; Vaughan & Rodriguez, 2014). Through the use of positive psychology methods, such as …
Animal Hoarding By Humans: A Literature Review
Animal Hoarding By Humans: A Literature Review
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
I review the origin and treatment of animal-hoarding disorder in humans and its relation to hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, showing that it seems to be more closely related to object hoarding. The disorder often originates in a traumatic life event, which triggers a psychological vulnerability to compulsively collect animals. In some cases, the hoarding individual was neglected by parental figures at a young age and developed relationships with animals in order to cope with the neglect. Some theories that proposed to explain the neglectful behavior in animal hoarding include dissociation, delusion, and dementia, viewing the animals as self-objects, or …
Isolated Insanity: The Damaging Effects Of Solitary Confinement
Isolated Insanity: The Damaging Effects Of Solitary Confinement
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Solitary confinement is a popular form of punishment in prisons. However, it often results in the deterioration of the inmate’s mental health, especially when it is prolonged. It may lead to severe mental illness or self-harm, including suicide. In addition to the mental health effects, solitary confinement inhibits the rehabilitation process as it limits or eliminates exercise, visitation hours, medical treatment, and group recreation. Without these, many inmates lose their sense of identity and their hold on reality, thereby reducing the odds of successful reentry into society. To improve solitary confinement conditions, prison administrators should provide accessible psychiatrist treatment and …
Understanding Reactive Attachment Disorder In Children
Understanding Reactive Attachment Disorder In Children
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is recently new to clinical literature. RAD is a “Stress and Trauma-Related Disorder” that stems from an inability for a child to attach to a caregiver. Aside from some psychoanalytic foundations, most of what is known about RAD is based off John Bowlby’s attachment theory. As research has developed, RAD has been considered its own diagnosis in the DSM-5 rather than labelled under the umbrella term of “attachment disorder.” A biopsychosocial model of RAD argues that RAD is primarily formed and exacerbated by neglect from a caregiver that can infringe upon the child’s ability to form …
Virtually Free Speech: The Problem Of Unbridled Debates On Social Media
Virtually Free Speech: The Problem Of Unbridled Debates On Social Media
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
How individuals communicate on the internet has been influenced by the rise of social networking and the introduction of Web 2.0. Contentious sociopolitical arguments containing false polarization and confirmation bias, accompanied by egocentric and ethnocentric thinking are common. Ideological radicalization has also increased, as evidenced by the prevalence of ISIS and White supremacists on sites such as Twitter and Reddit. One consequence is the online practice known as flaming—intensely aggressive, personal verbal attacks. To reduce its occurrence, both macro- and micro-solutions should be implemented. On the macro-level, social networks and related online organizations should establish and enforce guide lines while …
Chronic Illness And Functionality: How It Affects Adolescents Academically And Socially And How They Can Cope
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
This paper explores the prevalence of chronic illness in adolescents, and its effects on academic and social functionality. When diagnosed with a chronic condition, adolescents must often make lifestyle changes that can put substantial pressures on some, or even all, areas of life. Many adolescents report needing help to make the changes necessary to manage their illness. Chronic illness affects millions of adolescents worldwide, and these individuals need understanding, support, and guidance to succeed. The aim of this paper is to review the literature examining psychosocial aspects of chronic illness in adolescents and to examine healthy coping styles, accessibility to …
Teacher Expectations And The Black-White Scholastic Achievement Gap
Teacher Expectations And The Black-White Scholastic Achievement Gap
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Decades after the desegregation of schools, a Black-White achievement gap remains in the American school system. Researchers have given many possible explanations, including socioeconomic factors and teachers’ expectations of their students. In this paper, I summarize some of the literature on racial prejudice in teach er expectations and its impact on students’ academic and personal lives. I also analyze the role of stereotypes and other factors in teacher expectations and the communication of explicit and implicit expectations through teaching practices and nonverbal behavior. Finally, I discuss the use of teacher workshops as a possible means for narrowing the ethnic achievement …
Treating Neuropathic Pain: Mindfulness Meditation Is More Effective Than Pharmacotherapy
Treating Neuropathic Pain: Mindfulness Meditation Is More Effective Than Pharmacotherapy
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Neuropathic pain is severe chronic pain with no single source and, for that reason, is difficult to treat. I review two treatments for neuropathic pain: pharmacotherapy and mindfulness meditation. In pharmacotherapy, psychotropic drugs are the main form of treatment. Although it is currently the treatment of choice, relying solely on drugs can result in unwanted side effects, including drug tolerance. Mindfulness meditation, a therapy designed to help the patient achieve self-understanding and self-regulation, avoids these effects. For these reasons, mindfulness meditation should be recommended as an alternative to psychotropic drugs when treating neuropathic pain.
Chronic Pain: Understanding Its Effects On The Spouse
Chronic Pain: Understanding Its Effects On The Spouse
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
This literature review focuses on how the partner of an individual with chronic pain is affected by that pain. Results from the studies examined have been divided into four different categories of potential effects: household, physical, mental/emotional, and marital. The household consequences include items such as finances and role reversals for household tasks (West, Usher et al., 2012). The physical consequences consist of symptoms such as v arying pains and lack of sleep (Martire et al., 2013; Turk et al., 1987). The primary mental/ emotional consequence of having a spouse with chronic pain is distress, which can lead to issues …
A Bi-Directional Association Between Depression And Romantic Relations In Adolescence
A Bi-Directional Association Between Depression And Romantic Relations In Adolescence
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Depression is associated with higher morbidity rates of suicide ideation and increased suicidal risk in adolescents with the presence of romantic relationships. I review research on the predictors of depression in adolescent romantic relationships, specifically , concerning the bi-directional nature of this association, gender differences, and prevention strategies. The focus of adolescent research in recent years has been mainly on depression that emerges during romantic relationships and may have a negative effect on them. For example, adolescent girls are more likely than adolescent boys to be affected adversely by depression that accompanies romantic relationships, whereas adolescents of both genders are …
Real Men Burp Babies And Real Women Deliver Dough: The Advantages Of Nontraditional Parental Roles
Real Men Burp Babies And Real Women Deliver Dough: The Advantages Of Nontraditional Parental Roles
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Stay-at-home fathers and working mothers continue to defy gender expectations despite traditional societal beliefs pertaining to gender roles. These nontraditional couples model a contemporary and egalitarian lifestyle for their children in a world that is increasingly advocating for more gender equality within and outside of the home. Children within these households exhibit positive cognitive traits, enhanced behavioral developments, and enriched familial relationships (Brown, Mangelsdorf, & Neff, 2012; Deutsch, Servis , & Payne, 2001; Dunn, Rochlen, & O’Brien, 2013; Fischer & Anderson, 2012; Flaskerud, 2012; Lucas-Thompson, Goldberg, & Prause, 2010 ; Rushing & Powell, 2015; Williams & Radin, 1999; Wills & …
Responding To Bullying By Gender
Responding To Bullying By Gender
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The present literature review examines how the construction of gender influences bullying among children and adolescents, as w ell as the possible effects of bullying on children, both as bullies an d victims. An in-depth, theoretical analysis of gender stereotype and gender construction is presented, through a review of cognitive development theory, social learning theory, and cultivation theory. Gender construction leads children to adopt different behaviors and to interact with peers in various ways (Emilson et al., 2016; Fagot, 1994; Tobin et al., 2010). Among children and adolescents, the two most prominent forms of bullying that result from gender construction …
Front Matter 12.2
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
End Matter 11.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Football-Related Concussions On Cognitive Function
Effects Of Football-Related Concussions On Cognitive Function
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
In literature review, I examine the current research on football-related concussions and their effects on cognitive performance. A concussion is defined as a blow to the head which results in injury to the brain. Concussions are often difficult to diagnose as they do not leave any radiological variation that can be measured via MRI. Concussions were first observed in boxing during the 1920s, but research on concussions has been slow to gain momentum until recently. As empirical research has gained prominence, both short- and long-term effects of concussions have come to light. Significant cognitive effects of concussions include depression, links …
The Importance Of Peer-To-Peer Grooming Among Non-Human Primates
The Importance Of Peer-To-Peer Grooming Among Non-Human Primates
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Among non-human primates, grooming is a common practice. Research has shown that there are many underlying reasons why non-human primates groom. It is not completely altruistic or selfish but is often a resource traded for food, mating access, protection, and other social benefits. It can be used to achieve higher social rank as the bonds formed from grooming help primates climb the social ladder. There are other advantages of grooming, which include increased social bonding, mating access, and offspring support
Toilet Training: The Benefits Of A Passive-Permissive Approach
Toilet Training: The Benefits Of A Passive-Permissive Approach
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Toilet training is a process that every child must go through, but there is often confusion among parents and caregivers about which training method is best to use. Toilet training methods can usually be divided into two categories: systematic control and passive-permissiveness. Systematic control is a method based on operant conditioning and is intended to train children faster. Passive-permissive training is a child-centered approach that focuses on training at children's natural pace. This article is a review of the academic research associated with the two methods, and is a summary of the risks and benefits involved with each. Findings suggest …
Children And Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Developing Role Of Technology In Teaching Communication Skils
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often struggle to learn effective communication skills. Researchers have asserted that the best methods for teaching correct communication skills to these children involve technological tools, such as videos, music, and graphics. Implementing these tools into the public school systems and the homes of children with ASD has been shown to improve their development of communication skills and includes educating teachers and parents about the positive effects that utilizing the tools can bring to the daily lives of children with ASD. When and how to implement these tools may depend on a child's level …
Cultivating Integrity Through Transformational, Servant, And Ethical Leadership
Cultivating Integrity Through Transformational, Servant, And Ethical Leadership
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Today's business world is facing challenges in ethics and moral practice. Though these issues are found among employers and employees of all levels, the leaders of an organization can work to address such issues through leadership styles that emphasize a meaningful employer-employee relationship and honest workplace behavior. The present article discusses the transformational, servant, and ethical leadership styles within the workplace and their effects on employees. Implementing such styles will not only lead to a decrease in unethical workplace behavior, but will also enable individuals to gain a stronger sense of self-identity and integrity. This results in stronger performance for …
Pornography Use In Romantic Relationships
Pornography Use In Romantic Relationships
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Despite the increasing attention to pornography as a research topic over the past 20 years, little research has explored the relation between pornography use and both sexual satisfaction and infidelity in a romantic relationship. Research results consistently show that pornography use is positively correlated with infidelity in romantic relationships, but the evidence is mixed for short-term versus long-term sexual satisfaction. Pornography use is positively associated with short-term sexual satisfaction but not necessarily long-term satisfaction. However, studies of self-esteem and delay of gratification indirectly suggest that pornography use has a negative influence on long-term sexual satisfaction.
The Psychological Benefits Of Awe
The Psychological Benefits Of Awe
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Experiencing awe is beneficial to mental health. Benefits of experiencing awe include the decreased severity of typical symptoms of depression, enhanced self-perception of the quality of life, and increased drive to improve one's future. Despite these benefits, the experience of awe is rarely implemented in treatment programs for physical or mental illness. Although it is not assumed that awe alone can "cure" depression or posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), for example, I suggest that elicited awe should play a greater role in treatment programs.
Perfectionism And Depression In The Development Of Anorexia In Girls
Perfectionism And Depression In The Development Of Anorexia In Girls
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Many factors can play a role in the development of anorexia, including genes, social issues, extreme dieting, stressful life events, personality traits, and cultural influences. However, many studies have found perfectionism and depression to be strongly correlated with the development of eating disorders. In this literature review I critique published findings and consider the limitations of published research on anorexia. I examine certain factors that play a role in the development of anorexia, as well as the relative strength of each factor, with particular attention to the characteristics of perfectionism and depression and how they interact with each other in …
Iq: Greatly Influenced By Early Family Life
Iq: Greatly Influenced By Early Family Life
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
For many years, psychologists and researchers have been interested in the nature and nurture debate with regards to IQ. Some have claimed that IQ is something that can be passed on through genetics and is an inherited trait. Others have declared that IQ level is not something passed on through genetics, but rather something determined by experiences one has in his or her life. This review was created to discuss how a child's IQ may be affected by early family life, a factor that requires more attention in the literature. This report will discuss how early child-parent experiences, intimate relationships …
Self-Worth In The Development And Treatment Of Eating Disorders
Self-Worth In The Development And Treatment Of Eating Disorders
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Eating Disorders (EDs) involve a consuming drive for thinness. They cause significant physical and psychosocial impairment. A core commonality between EDs is the overvaluation of body weight and shape as a measure of selfworth. The purpose of this paper is to review the importance of self-worth perception in the development and treatment of EDs in women and girls. Women and girls with EDs tend to believe their worth comes from body weight and shape, as opposed to intrinsic sources. Self-worth can interact with other factors such as relationships, body dissatisfaction, and perfectionism in ED development. A major goal of treatment …
Effects Of Media Use On Mental Health Among Adolescents And Emerging Adults
Effects Of Media Use On Mental Health Among Adolescents And Emerging Adults
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Media, such as the use of the internet and watching television, allows for quick communication between people, but overexposure to such media is correlated with social anxiety and clinical depression (Becker, Alzahabi, & Hopwood, 2013; Dalbudak et al., 2013; Dittmar, 1994; McNaughton-Cassill, 2001). Media usage is pervasive in our society, especially among adolescents and college students (Dittmar, 1994; Rideout, Foehr, & Roberts, 2010; Romer, Bagdasarov, & More, 2013). Symptoms of these mental illnesses are correlated with all forms of media, and can be influenced by the content of the media as well (Madan, Mrug, & Wright, 2013). Excess use of …
Front Matter 11.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Volume 10.2
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
End Matter 10.2
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.