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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Aging (4)
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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Understanding The Relationship Of Trust And Risk In Online Shopping, Stephanie C. Kozina
Understanding The Relationship Of Trust And Risk In Online Shopping, Stephanie C. Kozina
ETD Archive
This study explores the relationships between online shopping, perceived risk, and trust in an online vendor. Various models have been proposed and studied in previous literature. This study looked at three models: Through, Joint, and Plus to explain how these three constructs relate. An online study with 173 consumers was conducted and focused on perceived risk and consumer trust in the online vendor. Two types of trust, predictability and integrity, were included. A principal components factor analysis led to two four types of risk - privacy, time, social, and lost resource risk - all four were included in the analysis. …
Ptsd And High-Risk Behaviors In Trauma Survivors, Richard Jason Lawrence
Ptsd And High-Risk Behaviors In Trauma Survivors, Richard Jason Lawrence
ETD Archive
Many previous studies have shown that trauma survivors, with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), engage in more high-risk behaviors (e.g., Smith, Davis, & Fricker-Elhai, 2004). It is unclear whether the trauma exposure itself, or PTSD, is actually associated with the high-risk behaviors. The current study will be one of the first to examine differences in risk-taking between trauma survivors with and without PTSD, and will utilize the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) to test risk-taking propensity in trauma survivors. We expect that trauma survivors with PTSD will engage in more high-risk behaviors, report greater perceived benefits, and demonstrate greater …
Differences In Risk-Taking In A Trauma Exposed Population, Ruth Anna Viehoff
Differences In Risk-Taking In A Trauma Exposed Population, Ruth Anna Viehoff
ETD Archive
Previous studies have shown that depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with a variety of risk-taking behaviors. However fewer studies have examined how comorbidity between the two disorders can differentially affect risk-taking. This study examined the relationship between depression, PTSD, past risk-taking, and perceived benefits of risk to further determine how comorbidity affects risk behaviors. It was expected that individuals who displayed symptoms of depression and PTSD would report more past risk-taking and associate greater benefits with taking risks. Depression symptoms were found to significantly predict past drug use. This suggests that comorbid individuals who report more depressive …
Relationship Between Internal Homonegativity And Self-Harm Behaviors, Marie M. Chirico
Relationship Between Internal Homonegativity And Self-Harm Behaviors, Marie M. Chirico
ETD Archive
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) population has been shown to have higher rates of self-harm behaviors but specific interventions have not been implemented to address this discrepancy. In effort to find aspects that are related to self-harm in the LGB population, this study looks at the relationship between Internal Homonegativity, the internal shame and guilty felt for identifying as non-heterosexual, and self-harm behaviors. A sample of 983 individuals identifying as LGB were recruited through a Facebook advertisement to take an online survey. A significant and positive relationship was found between Internal Homonegativity and self-harm behaviors. Possible limitations of the …
Same Behavior, Different Consequences: Reactions To Men's And Women's Compulsory Citizenship Behaviors, Makishi Nobuko
Same Behavior, Different Consequences: Reactions To Men's And Women's Compulsory Citizenship Behaviors, Makishi Nobuko
ETD Archive
The objective of this current study was to investigate how job evaluations were changed based on a performer's gender, especially when a performer engaged in compulsory pro-social behaviors under undesirable pressure from others. Gadot (2006) named this type of behavior as Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCBs). Gadot (2007) mentioned that employees are forced to perform Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). The present study used a 2 (gender) x 2 (voluntary nature of behavior: OCBs or CCBs) x 2 (type of behavior: altruistic or civic) mixed between-within-subjects methodology. Participants were randomly assigned to view different types of imaginary employees, which would vary in …
The Effects Of Task Autonomy And Task Interest On Goal-Setting Behavior And Task Performance, Megan E. Crane
The Effects Of Task Autonomy And Task Interest On Goal-Setting Behavior And Task Performance, Megan E. Crane
ETD Archive
Task autonomy and task interest have been studied in the organizational literature as main effects, demonstrating positive effects on productive work behavior and goal-setting behavior. Providing high task autonomy or an interesting task may stimulate goal setting, but the interaction of these two variables may significantly increase goal level and consequently task performance. Yet, little research has examined this interaction on individuals' goal-setting behavior, when given the opportunity to self-set goals. The purpose of this research is to discover whether the effects of task autonomy on self-set goals are stronger for tasks that are more interesting. Furthermore, I assessed the …
What Factors Predict Falls In Cognitively Impaired Older Adults?, Nicole T. Dawson
What Factors Predict Falls In Cognitively Impaired Older Adults?, Nicole T. Dawson
ETD Archive
A significant amount of research has been conducted to identify possible risk factors and causes of falls in older adults as well as implementing interventions in efforts to reduce the incidence of falls in this population. Falls accounted for 2 million non-fatal injuries to adults over the age of 65 in 2007 while over $19 billion is spent annually on direct medical costs. Most of the literature is representative of healthy, community-dwelling adults while a much smaller amount is reserved for the subpopulation of older adults with cognitive impairment. Cognitively impaired adults are twice as likely to fall as healthy …
Examining Signer-Specificity Effects In The Perception Of Words In American Sign Language, Hadiya A. Adams
Examining Signer-Specificity Effects In The Perception Of Words In American Sign Language, Hadiya A. Adams
ETD Archive
Variability in talker identity, which is commonly referred to as one type of indexical variation, has demonstrable effects on the speed and accuracy of spoken word recognition. In the current study, I conducted two experiments designed to examine whether talker variability has an effect on the perception of words in American Sign Language. Native and non-native signers participated in two long-term repetition-priming experiments in which they performed two separate blocks of lexical decision trials. In Experiment 1, all participants were native signers. In Experiment 2, all participants were late signers. In both experiments, all participants performed both an easy and …
Exploring Reaction Time Differences To Aggression Words As A Function Of Attachment Related Avoidance And Anxiety, Stephanie L. Johnson
Exploring Reaction Time Differences To Aggression Words As A Function Of Attachment Related Avoidance And Anxiety, Stephanie L. Johnson
ETD Archive
A previous study using an Emotional Stroop task (EST) and a Visual Lexical Decision task (VLDT) determined that threat-related subliminal primes (for participantshigh in attachment anxiety) 1) heightened accessibility of representations of attachment figures, and 2) inhibited attachment representations (high attachment avoidance) whenthe threat prime was the word separation. The current study also used both tasks (EST and VLDT) to explore differences in reaction time (RT) without a subliminal prime for neutral, physical, and relational aggressive words as a function of attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. Results showed that for the EST, higher avoidance reflected slower RTs to physical aggression …
The Effects Of Group Essence Survival On Group Morale, Mark R. Wojda
The Effects Of Group Essence Survival On Group Morale, Mark R. Wojda
ETD Archive
Morale has been defined as, "the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose" (Leighton, 1949, p. 78). What is missing in our understanding of morale is knowing precisely what generates, increases, and decreases morale. One purpose of the current project is to explore these aspects of morale. Specifically, one factor that may boost or drive morale is the survival of the group's identity, or common purpose. The "essence" of a group includes their values, ideals, and identity that may live on even after current members of the group no …
Preliminary Analysis Of The Geriatric Intelligence Test, Adam W. Fominaya
Preliminary Analysis Of The Geriatric Intelligence Test, Adam W. Fominaya
ETD Archive
The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence was not designed specifically for older adults. Many potential confounding factors occur with greater frequency in the elderly population and these may make the WASI a less appropriate measure of general cognitive functioning. This preliminary study aimed to develop the Geriatric Intelligence Test (GIT). Items were piloted on older adults (>80) who also completed two WASI Subtests. Preliminary results show that multiple GIT subtests are strong predictors of WASI subtest scores and showed good internal consistency. Results will be used to develop a more parsimonious version of the test
Normative Data Collection And Comparison Of Performance On The Poreh Naming Test To The Boston Naming Test, Orion R. Biesan
Normative Data Collection And Comparison Of Performance On The Poreh Naming Test To The Boston Naming Test, Orion R. Biesan
ETD Archive
Although word-finding difficulty is commonly self-reported by older adults, there are no clinical instruments able to reliably distinguish normal age-related effects from pathology in word-finding impairments. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1) design and evaluate the validity of the Poreh Naming Test, a novel electronic confrontation naming test used to evaluate naming difficulties in demented populations and (2) to investigate the effect of normal aging word-finding abilities on confrontation naming tests, using both accuracy and response latency as performance indices. A community sample was used with each participant being administered the Boston Naming Test, the Poreh Naming Test, …
Using The Quantified Process Approach In Examination Of The Five Point Test, John R. Skalla
Using The Quantified Process Approach In Examination Of The Five Point Test, John R. Skalla
ETD Archive
The purpose of this study was to collect normative data and test for the reliability of a new strategy index, quantified using a computer-assisted algorithm on the Five-Point Test (FPT), developed by Regard, Strauss, and Knapp (1982). Additionally, the study was aimed at investigating the influence of the new index on the total number of designs and preservative errors. Participants included one hundred and fourteen individuals from Cleveland State University and the community for time one, and sixty two individuals for time two. Participants were administered the Five Point Test and the Delis-Kaplan Design Fluency Test developed by Delis, Kaplan …
The Impact Of Employment Environment And Stereotype Threat On Self-Perceptions And Work Performance Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Mary Riegelmayer
The Impact Of Employment Environment And Stereotype Threat On Self-Perceptions And Work Performance Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Mary Riegelmayer
ETD Archive
Community service agencies are advocating for the placement of individuals with intellectual disabilities into community employment positions. Despite training and follow-up services many of these individuals lost their jobs due to inferior performance. One explanation is the possibility that stereotype threat is a causal factor in this phenomenon. Stereotype threat has been linked to poor performance outcomes where the stereotype and performance domain are salient to the individual. Persons with intellectual disabilities may be affected by stereotype threat if the stereotype of mental retardation is salient to them. This study was designed, to investigate whether the stereotype is salient to …
Stigma And Knowledge: A Questionnaire And Literature Review, Melissa L. Pierce
Stigma And Knowledge: A Questionnaire And Literature Review, Melissa L. Pierce
ETD Archive
The main purpose of this study is to show a link between lack of knowledge about mental illness and stigmatizing attitudes towards those with mental illnesses. The first hypothesis, that stigma would be correlated with a lack of knowledge about mental illnesses was confirmed. The majority of results indicate that more knowledge about mental illness in general or about anxiety and/or schizophrenia is associated with less stigmatizing or negative attitudes. Some results didn't support the first hypothesis and these results show that some negative or stigmatizing responses were associated with more estimated knowledge about schizophrenia and/or anxiety.The second hypothesis was …
Time-Of-Day Effects On Younger And Older Adult Executive Functioning, Carly E. Violand
Time-Of-Day Effects On Younger And Older Adult Executive Functioning, Carly E. Violand
ETD Archive
The most recent time-of-day (TOD) body of research has explored how TOD effects can influence certain cognitive domains such as semantic memory, episodic memory, processing speed, and executive functioning (Allen et al., 2008). Research by Horne and Ostberg (1976) has shown how differences in age can be associated with a preference for a certain TOD (i.e., morning or afternoon). Seventy-five percent of adults 65 years or older tend to prefer the morning, whereas fewer than 10 of younger adults tend to prefer the afternoon (Horne & Ostberg, 1976 West et al., 2002). Research by Allen and colleagues (2008) has shown …
Impact Of Sequence And Cognitive Aging On Spatial Learning From Ground Level And Aerial Perspectives, Gregory J. Degirolamo
Impact Of Sequence And Cognitive Aging On Spatial Learning From Ground Level And Aerial Perspectives, Gregory J. Degirolamo
ETD Archive
This study examined the impact of healthy aging on two important factors that are common in spatial learning. The first is the perspective a person views an environment from. The second is the sequence that the items are encountered in the environment. In order to test the effects of these factors on spatial learning, participants watched four videos in which they learned two environments from the ground-level perspective and another two from an aerial perspective. One video of each perspective presented each side of the rectangular layout sequentially and the other presented the layout in a random order. After each …