Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Parental Mindfulness And Stress As An Influence On Clinically Referred Children’S Emotional Competence, Ahmad Baiyasi

Honors College Theses

Children acquire the skills of emotional competence in a variety of contexts, and demonstrate through their behavior the skills evident of emotional competence. Such skills include a sense of well-being, adaptive resilience in the face of stressful circumstances, and the ability to manage their own emotions (Saarni, 2000). Mindfulness, a relatively new construct in the study of human development, is nonjudgmentally paying attention to relevant aspects of our experiences, including our own emotions and thoughts (Ludwig & Kabat-Zinn, 2008). Stress is emotional or mental strain resulting from adverse or very demanding life circumstances, such as our living environment (Lunney, 2006). …

Pavlovian Conditioning: History And Application Of The Revaluation Procedure, Bana Odeh

Honors College Theses

While Pavlovian conditioning is a widely recognized form of learning, the nature of this learned association continues to be debated and has significant implications for human and animal behavior. This paper will first address the basic structure of Pavlovian conditioning as well as the two major historical hypotheses—Stimulus-Stimulus (S-S) learning and Stimulus-Response (SR) learning—regarding the underlying neural representation of first-order conditioning. Next, the revaluation procedure, an experimental method used to distinguish between these two hypotheses, will be discussed. Furthermore, the history of revaluation studies on rats will be analyzed, with an emphasis on the specificity of the learned association formed, …

Parental Ptsd, Emotion Regulation, And Behavior Problems In Toddlerhood: Unique Associations Among Families In Urban Poverty, Hasti Ashtiani Raveau

Wayne State University Dissertations

Parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to negatively impact children’s socioemotional development (Schwerdtfeger et al., 2014) and increase children’s risk for later psychopathology (Scheeringa & Zeanah, 2008; Yehuda, Halligan, & Bierer, 2001). Less is known about this topic among minority and poor mothers and fathers of toddlers, and the critical role parents’ emotion regulation may play in mediating the associations between PTSD and toddlers’ socioemotional problems (Beck et al., 2009). Parental emotion dysregulation has been linked with children’s socioemotional problems (Coyne & Thompson, 2011), especially during toddlerhood when children are beginning to learn how to regulate their own …

Fathering And Toddler Emotion Regulation: Intergenerational Caregiving And Parasympathetic Processes, Patricia Richardson

Wayne State University Dissertations

Emotion regulation is an essential component of adaptive childhood development that is rooted in complex and interacting environmental and biological systems (Hastings et al., 2008). Caregivers play an integral role in promoting their children’s emotion regulation (Morris et al., 2007), while children’s individual physiology affects how they react and respond to the caregiving environment (Beauchaine, 2015). Few studies have examined paternal influence on child emotion regulation, especially among low-income and African American families with toddlers. To address this limitation, the current study investigated relations among three contexts of fathering, parasympathetic regulation, and toddler emotion regulation. This study (N = 92) …

Sexual Assault Stigmatization, Secrecy, And Avoidance: Implications For Health-Injurious Processes And Outcomes, Sheri E. Pegram

Wayne State University Dissertations

Previous research shows that women often experience stigmatization following sexual assau#60; however, few studies have investigated mechanisms through which stigmatization adversely affects health. In Study 1, women (N = 974) completed an online survey which assessed their history of sexual assault, stigmatization, recovery processes, and health outcomes. Results partially supported theoretical models whereby sexual assault survivors’ stigmatizing social reactions and internalized stigmatization indirectly contributed to physical health symptoms, hazardous drinking, and disordered eating through effects on secrecy, avoidance coping, thought suppression, and depressive symptoms. In Study 2, sexual assault survivors (N = 400) completed an online experimental study and were …

Sexual Orientation Development, Acceptance, And Risk Behavior In Young Adult Gay Men, Erin Paige Smith

Wayne State University Dissertations

Research on sexual orientation development points to individual differences in developmental milestones (i.e., realization, identification, disclosure to friend, disclosure to parent, same-sex sexual behavior) that could be differentially related to adjustment. Additionally, differences in perceptions of acceptance from the self and important others, such as parents and friends, during adolescence and early adulthood may be related to both sexual orientation development and health risk behaviors (i.e., substance use, sexual risk). The goal of the current study was to advance our understanding of developmental processes among gay men by examining perceived acceptance of sexual orientation and its associations with individual differences …

To What Extent Does Clinical Supervision And Experience Relate To The Self-Efficacy Of Counselors-In-Training, Thomas Michalos

Wayne State University Dissertations

TO WHAT EXTENT DOES CLINICAL SUPERVISION AND EXPERIENCE RELATE TO THE SELF-EFFICACY OF COUNSELORS-IN-TRAINING

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THOMAS MICHALOS

December 2018

Advisor: Dr. John Pietrofesa

Major: Counselor Education

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Clinical supervision is an integral part of the education and formation of a counselor. The following study focuses on measuring to what degree clinical supervision and experiences relates to the self-efficacy of counselors-in-training. A sample of 106 graduate level counselor education students were surveyed. Those students who have received clinical supervision had significantly higher levels of self-efficacy than who have never experienced clinical supervision. Additionally for those students in the …

A Pre-Registered Multi-Replication Examination Of The Independent And Interdependent Effects Of Big Five Traits And Facets In Predicting Physical Activity Via A Cybernetic Framework, Phuong Vo

Wayne State University Dissertations

Personality traits are important and reliable predictors of health outcomes and health-related behaviors, yet examining only main effects does not allow an examination of possible synergistic effects of traits (and their related lower-order facets) on health behaviors (Hampson & Friedman, 2008). Guided by Cybernetic Big Five Theory (CB5T; DeYoung, 2015), the present study examined three samples of U.S. adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (total N = 2879) to test main and moderated effects of broad Big Five traits and trait facets on physical activity while accounting relevant background factors such as age, sex, education, income, body mass index, health …

Longitudinal Outcomes Of Youth Who Age Out Of Foster Care, Tegan Lesperance

Wayne State University Dissertations

LONGITUDINAL OUTCOMES OF YOUTH WHO AGE OUT OF FOSTER CARE

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TEGAN LESPERANCE

May 2018

Advisor: Dr. Paul Toro

Major: Psychology (Clinical)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Each year in America, between 20,000 and 30,000 youths reach an age, typically 18 years, when they must exit the foster care system due to age restrictions, in a process referred to as aging out (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). These youths disproportionately experience a host of negative outcomes, including high rates of homelessness and precarious housing, high levels of psychological distress and victimization, increased risk of substance abuse, lower …

Evaluating A Typology Of Homelessness Across A Midwest State, Devin Michael Hanson

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

EVALUATING A TYPOLOGY OF HOMELESSNESS ACROSS A MIDWEST STATE

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DEVIN M. HANSON

August 2018

Advisor: Dr. Paul Toro

Major: Psychology (Clinical)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Identifying a typology remains an effective method to summarize and distinguish the different ways that people experience homelessness in communities. More than twenty years ago researchers in the northeast United States developed an approach to create a typology of homelessness by using electronic records of shelter stays and two dimensions of homelessness; number of episodes, and length of time spent homeless. The three-part typology Randall Kuhn and Dennis Culhane identified has shaped the …

Leadership: A Resource In The Workplace, Wyatt Edward Stahl

Wayne State University Theses

Leadership is an organizational component that has seen considerable interest in the I/O psychology literature. The current study aimed to expand on this literature by investigating the extent to which the relation between leadership style and strain outcomes varies based on employee social class. Participants were asked to complete a survey assessing leadership style of their supervisor, indicators of stress, indicators of work-related strain, and components of social class. Results suggested that individuals of lower social class experience higher levels of stress and strain. Additionally, individuals with leaders who are more transformational experience lower levels of stress and work-related strain. …

The Impact Of Neonatal Pain And Reduced Maternal Care On Brain And Behavioral Development, Sean Michael Mooney-Leber

Wayne State University Dissertations

In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) preterm infants are exposed to a multitude of stressors, which include both neonatal pain and reduced maternal care. Clinical and preclinical research has demonstrated that exposure to neonatal pain and reduced maternal care has a profound negative impact on brain and behavioral development. Currently, the biological mechanism by which both of these stressors impacts brain and behavioral outcomes remains widely unknown. To uncover a potential biological mechanism, the current dissertation project utilized a preclinical model of repetitive needle pokes and developed a novel model of reduced maternal care through tea-ball encapsulation. Briefly, rat …

Effects Of Work Physical Activity Culture And Basic Needs On Physical Activity Outcomes, Erica Marie Thomas

Wayne State University Dissertations

Background: Physical activity (PA) levels of adults are low, and workplaces have been identified as an ideal place to promote PA. Participation in workplace programs continues to be low. Self Determination Theory (SDT) has been used to guide both PA and workplace research, but not both together. Culture has been linked to workplace behaviors, but not PA behavior. The purpose of this study was to test SDT and examine if employee perceptions of the workplace PA culture have statistically significant effects on PA behavior and PA attitudes, as mediated by the three basic psychological needs. Methods: Both salaried (N= 237) …

The Impact Of Stress On Social-Emotional Competence In Clinically Referred Children, Nicholas Seivert

Wayne State University Dissertations

Stress negatively impacts children’s mental health. Specifically, most research has demonstrated an association between greater stress and greater psychological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, aggression). Less is known about whether stress impacts children’s social-emotional competence, important aspects of healthy development. Children with mental health problems are more likely to have deficits in emotion understanding and emotion regulation than typically developing children. In particular, children with ADHD are likely to have more significant social-emotional problems than their peers with other clinical problems (e.g. depressed children). Parenting confidence could reduce the potential negative effects of stress on social-emotional competence. The current study examined …