Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Impact Of Social Comparison On The Neural Substrates Of Reward Processing: An Event-Related Potential Study, Jiang Qiu, Caiyun Yu, Hong Li, Jerwen Jou, Shen Tu, Ting Wang, Dongtao Wei, Qinglin Zhang

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the electrophysiological correlates of reward processing in the social comparison context when subjects performed a simple number estimation task that entailed monetary rewards for correct answers. Three social comparison stimulus categories (three relative reward levels/self reward related to the other subject's) were mainly prepared: Self:Other=1:2 (Disadvantageous inequity condition); Self:Other=1:1 (Equity condition); and Self:Other=2:1 (Advantageous inequity condition). Results showed that: both Disadvantageous and Advantageous inequity elicited a more negative ERP deflection (N350–550) than did Equity between 350 and 550 ms, and the generators of N350–550 were localized near the parahippocampal gyrus and the medial …

The Effects Of Cuento Therapy On Reading Achievement And Psychological Outcomes Of Mexican-American Students, Sylvia Z. Ramirez, Jain Sachin, Leila L. Flores-Torres, Roxanna Perez, Ralph Carlson

Human Development and School Services Faculty Publications and Presentations

This investigation evaluated the effects of cuento therapy (an intervention using Spanish-language tales) on children’s self-esteem, affect, and reading test performance. The sample was composed of 58 third-grade Mexican-American students who were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. The results showed a mean self-esteem gain score difference between groups in favor of the treatment group for Global, Academic, and General self-esteem scores. Following intervention, the treatment group reported less physiological anxiety than did the control group. The results also showed mean increases in the pre- and post-standardized high-stakes reading test scores for both groups. Other significant findings regarding …

Contemporary Perspectives On Spirituality And Mental Health, Pulkit Sharma, Ruby Charak, Vibha Sharma

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The paper strives to elucidate the complex yet intimate relation between spirituality and mental health from contemporary perspectives. The diverse and constantly evolving views that spiritualists and mental health professionals have held toward each other over last century are discussed with special accent on the transpersonal spiritual framework within psychology. The role of spirituality in promoting mental health and alleviating mental illness is highlighted. The paper is concluded with an increasing need to integrate spirituality within the mental health field albeit there are several impediments in achieving the same, which need to be worked through circumspectly.

Algoritmo De Tratamiento Multimodal Para Preescolares Latinoamericanos Con Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención Con Hiperactividad (Tdah), Juan David Palacio, Matilde Ruiz-García, José J. Bauermeister, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Gloria C. Henao, Guillermo Agosta

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction During the first Latin American ADHD consensus held in Mexico in 2007 a treatment algorithm for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschoolers was proposed. Since then, some studies have emerged regarding not only pharmacological treatment but also psychosocial managing strategies for this population that require a review. The main objective was to review the recent literature on preschool ADHD clinical management in order to update the treatment algorithm and to include together both psychopharmacological treatment and psychosocial management strategies into the decision tree.

Method A task force with six experts from five Latinamerican countries was constituted. The task force included …

Recall Latencies, Confidence, And Output Positions Of True And False Memories: Implications For Recall And Metamemory Theories, Jerwen Jou

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recall latency, recall accuracy rate, and recall confidence were examined in free recall as a function of recall output serial position using a modified Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm to test a strength-based theory against the dual-retrieval process theory of recall output sequence. The strength theory predicts the item output sequence to be in the descending order of memory strength. The dual-retrieval process theory postulates two phases in a free recall, a first direct access phase in which items are output verbatim in the weakest-to-strongest order (cognitive triage) and a second reconstructive phase in which reconstructed items are output in the strongest-to-weakest order. …

Presentación Clínica Del Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención-Hiperactividad Como Función Del Género [Clinical Presentation Of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder As A Function Of The Gender], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Isabel Montiel-Barbero, Joaquín A. Peña

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Results from studies comparing boys and girls diagnosed as having Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been non conclusive. In general, the results of such studies report boys as being more hyperactive and presenting more conduct problems, and girls as having more cognitive and learning problems. The aim of this study was to collect information about the characterization of the disorder depending on the gender. 169 children (123 males, 46 females), between 4 and 13 years of age with ADHD were studied. The assessment battery included Conners' rating scales-Revised for parents and teachers, short forms of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for …

Análisis Molecular Del Gen Gabrb3 En Pacientes Con Autismo: Estudio Exploratorio [Molecular Analysis Of The Gabrb3 Gene In Autistic Patients: An Exploratory Study], Ernesto Solís-Añez, Wilmer Delgado-Luengo, Lisbeth Borjas-Fuentes, William Zabala, Nailet Arráiz, Lennie Pineda, María Gabriela Portillo, Sandra González-Ferrer, José Antonio Chacín, Joaquín A. Peña, Cecilia Montiel-Nava

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction, language, communication, and stereotyped, repetitive behavior. Genetic predisposition to Autism has been demonstrated in families and twin studies. There is evidence (linkage and genetic association, biochemical, neuropathological, functional and cytogenetic) that the gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor beta 3 subunit gene (GABRB3) at 15q11-q13 is a susceptibility candidate gene for Autism. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify new variants of this gene. We performed the molecular analysis (SSCP/Sequencing) of 10 exons and its intronic flanking regions of GABRB3, using a candidate gene screening approach in 18 idiopathic …

Datos Normativos Del Cuestionario Sobre El Comportamiento De Niños Versión Para Padres (Cbcl) Y Versión Para Profesores (Trf) En Una Muestra De Niños Venezolanos [Normative Data Of The Child Behavior Checklist (Cbcl) And Teacher's Report Form In A Sample Of Venezuelan Children], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Isabel Montiel-Barbero, Joaquín A. Peña

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The aim of the study was to obtain normative data for a representative sample of Venezuelan children for the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form. The sample was constituted by 1141 children, boys and girls aged 5 to 12 (Mean= 8.79; SD=1.85), 49% female and 51% male. Socioeconomic status was significant in a way that low SES parents scored their children as having more problems. Gender has an effect on the scores; males were perceived with more behavior problems than girls for both parents and teachers. Parents and teachers did not show agreement in the assessment of the …

Workplace, Household, And Personal Predictors Of Pesticide Exposure For Farmworkers, Sara A. Quandt, María A. Hernández-Valero, Joseph G. Grzywacz, Joseph D. Hovey, Melissa Gonzales, Thomas A. Arcury

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this article we identify factors potentially associated with pesticide exposure among farmworkers, grade the evidence in the peer-reviewed literature for such associations, and propose a minimum set of measures necessary to understand farmworker risk for pesticide exposure. Data sources we reviewed included Medline, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, and AGRICOLA databases. Data extraction was restricted to those articles that reported primary data collection and analysis published in 1990 or later. We read and summarized evidence for pesticide exposure associations. For data synthesis, articles were graded by type of evidence for association of risk factor with pesticide …

Fármacos No-Estimulantes Para El Tratamiento Del Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención-Hiperactividad En Niños [Non-Stimulant Drugs For Treatment Of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)], Joaquín A. Peña, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Juan D. Velásquez

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Existe una gran cantidad de estudios que ofrecen soporte a la utilización de medicación noestimulante para el tratamiento de los síntomas del TDAH. A pesar de las diferencias entre los compuestos empleados en esta entidad clínica, todos comparten una actividad noradrenérgica y dopaminérgica común. En aquellos pacientes que no toleran o presentan una respuesta limitada a los psicoestimulantes, o en las familias que prefieren otras alternativas terapéuticas; se han realizado ensayos clínicos con medicación no-estimulante. En este trabajo se revisa la literatura acerca del tratamiento no-estimulante para el manejo de los síntomas de falta de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad propios …

Esclerosis Múltiple En Niños: Clarificando Su Ubicación Dentro Del Espectro Desmielinizante. [Multiple Sclerosis In Children: Clarifying Its Place Among The Demyelinating Spectrum.], Joaquín A. Peña, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, María Elena Ravelo, Solmary González, Eduardo Mora La-Cruz

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

La Esclerosis múltiple (EM), es una enfermedad de naturaleza autoinmune debida a la destrucción de la capa de mielina y de las fibras nerviosas y, secundariamente, a un daño neuronal progresivo. Se caracteriza por la ocurrencia sucesiva de focos de desmielinización diseminados en tiempo y espacio en varias áreas de la sustancia blanca del SNC, incluyendo la región peri ventricular, médula espinal, tronco encefálico, cerebelo y nervio óptico. Como el diagnóstico en edad pediátrica es mucho más difícil debido a la mayor frecuencia de pacientes con Encefalomielitis Aguda Diseminada (EMAD), y al mayor reto que enfrenta el médico para tratar …

El Arte De Criar Hijos Felices: Equilibrio Entre Disciplina Y Afecto, Cecilia Montiel-Nava

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objetivos de Este Libro: A pesar de que este es un libro escrito para padres de niños entre 2 y 8 años que puedan estar experimentando dificultades en el manejo de sus niños; la idea central no es convertir súbita y repentinamente a los niños es obras perfectas sin ningún problema, el lograr que los padres sientan y ejerzan control justo y lógico sobre sus hijos. Las metas de este libro son: 1) Mejorar las destrezas de los padres para manejar y convivir con niños con problemas de conducta, especialmente con aquellos niños desobedientes y con actitudes retadoras y desafiantes. …

Clima Familiar En El Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención-Hiperactividad [Family Environment In Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Isabel Montiel-Barbero, Joaquín A. Peña

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The effect of family environment on the development of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is not known. We sought to characterize families with children with ADHD in order to better understand the contributions of family environment to the development of ADHD. We collected demographic data, parents’ and teachers’ rating scales, intellectual quotient, and the family environment scale (FES) for 53 children (aged 4-13), 29 with ADHD diagnosis and 24 controls. Statistical analysis indicated a family environment profile within the average range for both samples. There were significant differences between ADHD and controls for the measures of cohesion, intellectual activity orientation, and …

Examination Of The Impact Of Acculturation, Stress, And Religiosity On Mental Health Variables For Second-Generation Arab Americans, Mona M. Amer, Joseph D. Hovey

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Identificación Y Diagnóstico Clínico Del Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención-Hiperactividad, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Joaquín A. Peña

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

¿Cuál Tratamiento Para Cuál Niño? Comorbilidad Y Déficit De Atención-Hiperactividad, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Joaquín A. Peña

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Caracterización De La Ceroidolipofuscinosis En Niños Venezolanos [Characterization Of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis In Venezuelan Children], Joaquín A. Peña, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, W. Delgado, M. L. Hernández, J. J. Cardozo, E. Mora, L. Soto-Faneite

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), represents a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders. Based on the age of the patient at onset, clinical course and ultrastructural morphology it has been identified three clinical types for the pediatric group: 1) Infantile NCL (INCL); 2) Late infantile NCL (LINCL); and 3) Juvenile NCL (JNCL). Other variants or atypical forms represent around 20% of the NCL in different populations. Genetic advances have made possible a better characterization, diagnostic and classification of these disorders.

Case reports: We present the clinical, neurophysiological, neuroradiological, and morphological data from 6 patients with NCL, who were assessed at the …

Epilepsia Mioclónica Juvenil: Estudio De 13 Pacientes Venezolanos [Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy: Study On 13 Venezuelan Patients], Joaquín A. Peña, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Sandra González-Ferrer, Jessica Freda, Enoe Medrano

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

La epilepsia mioclónica juvenil (EMJ) es un síndrome hereditario no progresivo caracterizado por convulsiones con sacudidas mioclónicas bilaterales, únicas o repetitivas, de predominio en brazos. Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas y electroencefalográficas en pacientes con diagnóstico de EMJ. Metodología: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 13 pacientes evaluados en el Hospital Clínico de Maracaibo entre 1990 y 1999 quienes reunieron los criterios diagnósticos de EMJ. Analizamos los siguientes parámetros clínicos y electroencefalográficos: sexo, antecedentes personales y familiares, edad de comienzo, semiología, distribución, duración y frecuencia de las crisis, examen neurológico, tiempo de seguimiento y evolución. Resultados: Nueve pacientes eran varones …

Trastornos De La Conducta Alimentaria. Prevalencia Y Características Clínicas En Adolescentes De La Ciudad De Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela [Eating Behavior Disorders. Prevalence And Clinical Features In Adolescents In The City Of Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela], Evelyn Quintero-Párraga, Ana Cristina Pérez-Montiel, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Dexy Pirela, María Fernanda Acosta, Ninoska Pineda

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Resumen. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia y las características clínicas asociadas a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en sujetos masculinos y femeninos en etapa de adolescencia. Para esto, se consideró como base los criterios diagnósticos descritos en el DSM-IV. Este estudio tomó 1.363 adolescentes de una población conformada por 23.831 estudiantes, los cuales fueron seleccionados de manera aleatoria y estratificada, de acuerdo al tipo de institución (públicas o privadas) y los grados correspondientes a la tercera etapa de educación básica y ciclo diversificado. Para recolectar los datos se aplicó la lista de chequeo A.B.A. desarrollada por …

Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención/Hiperactividad: ¿Mito O Realidad? [The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Myth Or Reality?], Joaquín A. Peña, Cecilia Montiel-Nava

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been defined as a disorder of self control characterized clinically by a short attention span, excessive motor activity and poor impulse control.

Objective: The main objective is to describe how methodological difficulties related to the design of epidemiological studies make an important contribution to the group of heterogeneous data which might lead to doubts regarding the validity of ADHD in children. In recent decades the psychiatric definition of this disorder has varied. This has affected the number and combination of clinical signs necessary for diagnosis of ADHD. The variation in the prevalence …

Datos Epidemiológicos Del Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención Con Hiperactividad En Una Muestra De Niños Marabinos [Epidemiological Data About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In A Sample Of Marabino Children], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Joaquín A. Peña, Isabel Montiel-Barbero

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Aims: This study reports the findings of a research project aimed at determining the rate of prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school aged children.

Patients and methods: Different behavioural and cognitive measures were administered to a sample of children between 3 and 13 years of age obtained by means of a multistage sampling procedure that was stratified by socioeconomic and educational level. The sample was made up of 394 children; 33.25% (n = 131) were females and the remaining 66.75% (n = 263) males. The mean age of the sample was 7.64 years old (SD: 2.33). The …

Comparison Of The Efficacy Of Carbamazepine, Haloperidol And Valproic Acid In The Treatment Of Children With Sydenham's Chorea: Clinical Follow-Up Of 18 Patients, Joaquín A. Peña, Eduardo Mora, J. J. Cardozo, Omaira Molina, Cecilia Montiel-Nava

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

In order to compare and contrast the efficacy of haloperidol, carbamazepine, and valproic acid in the treatment of Sydenham's chorea a prospective study including 18 cases of this disorder was undertaken. Age of patients ranged from 7 to 15 years. Ten children were female and 8 were male. All but one had generalized, either symmetric or asymmetric chorea. The patients were divided in three equal groups, and were given a standardized dose of each of the drugs built-up over a week. Following therapy, the six children receiving valproic acid showed remarkable improvement, without side effects. Five patients receiving carbamazepine showed …

Estudio Piloto De Metilfenidato Y Entrenamiento A Padres En El Tratamiento De Niños Con Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención Hiperactividad [A Pilot Study Of Methylphenidate And Parent Training In The Treatment Of Children With Attention-Deficit Hiperactivity Disorder], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Joaquín A. Peña, G. Espina-Mariñes, M. E. Ferrer-Hernández, A. Lopez-Rubio, S. Puertas-Sánchez, J. J. Cardozo

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objetivo. Este estudio comunica la eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento a padres y un ensayo clínico con medicación estimulante (metilfenidato), en la disminución de síntomas de trastorno por déficit de atención-hiperactividad (TDAH) en una muestra de niños venezolanos.

Pacientes y métodos. 24 niños, con edades entre 6 y 10 años, con diagnóstico de TDAH, identificados en unas jornadas de cribado de TDAH, se asignaron aleatoriamente a los dos grupos de tratamiento: entrenamiento a padres y medicación estimulante (metilfenidato).

Resultados. Ambos grupos mostraron reducción de síntomas al finalizar la fase de intervención terapéutica en diferentes grados. Estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente …

Estimaciones De La Prevalencia Del Trastorno Por Déficit De Atención-Hiperactividad En Niños Marabinos [Estimations Of The Prevalence Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In Marabino Children], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Joaquín A. Peña, M. López, M. Salas, J. R. Zurga, Isabel Montiel-Barbero, D. Pirela, J. J. Cardozo

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objetivo. Este estudio comunica los resultados de una investigación dirigida a determinar la tasa de prevalencia del trastorno por déficit de atención-hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños en edad escolar. Sujetos y método. El estudio epidemiológico se realizó con una muestra comunitaria extraída a través de un muestreo polietápico y estratificado por nivel socioeconómico y escolaridad; quedó constituida por 1.141 niños de ambos sexos en edad escolar de la ciudad de Maracaibo. Se utilizaron las escalas de Conners revisadas como método de recolección de datos.

Resultados. La prevalencia estimada del TDAH fue del 7,19%, y se obtuvo un 0,35% para el tipo …

Encefalomielitis Aguda Diseminada En Niños [Disseminated Acute Encephalomyelitis In Children], Joaquín A. Peña, Cecilia Montiel-Nava, F. Hernández, Enoe Medrano, O. Valbuena, J. J. Cardozo

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introducción. La encefalomielitis aguda diseminada (EAD) representa un trastorno inflamatorio autoinmune, habitualmente monofásico con resolución gradual, polisintomático, habitualmente relacionado con virus, bacterias o inmunizaciones, el cual también puede ocurrir en ausencia de un fenómeno infeccioso precedente aparente.

Objetivo. Describir la EAD, su etiología, manifestaciones clínicas, proceso diagnóstico y tratamiento. Asimismo analizar estos aspectos a través de la presentación de una serie de 13 niños con EAD.

Resultados. El cuadro clínico se inició con fiebre en el 61% de los pacientes. Las manifestaciones neurológicas más frecuentes fueron el deterioro del sensorio, convulsiones y trastornos motores (paresias). El líquido cefalorraquídeo fue patológico …

Discrepancia Entre Padres Y Profesores En La Evaluación De Problemas De Conducta Y Académicos En Niños Y Adolescentes [Discrepancy Between Parents And Teachers In The Evaluation Of Behavior And Educational Problems In Children And Adolescents], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Joaquín A. Peña

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introducción. El proceso de evaluación psicológica en niños debe incluir información detallada sobre el funcionamiento y comportamiento del niño en varios ambientes (casa, colegio, recreación). Las diferencias en la información proporcionada por cada una de las fuentes de información puede interpretarse como un reflejo de las divergencias conductuales ocasionadas por los diversos contextos o las interacciones diferenciales entre el niño y quienes informan.

Objetivo. Determinar las relaciones existentes entre las valoraciones que dan los padres acerca de las conductas de sus niños, y las que proporcionan los profesores de estos mismos niños.

Pacientes y métodos. La muestra estuvo constituida por …

Joblessness Among Hispanic Youth: 1973-1981, Philip Garcia, Aida Hurtado

Psychological Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.