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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Physiological Arousal In Autism And Fragile X Syndrome: Group Comparisons And Links With Pragmatic Language, Jessica Klusek, G E. Martin, M Losh
Physiological Arousal In Autism And Fragile X Syndrome: Group Comparisons And Links With Pragmatic Language, Jessica Klusek, G E. Martin, M Losh
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Motivational Interviewing And School-Based Mentoring To Improve Middle School Students' Academic Performance, John Terry
Motivational Interviewing And School-Based Mentoring To Improve Middle School Students' Academic Performance, John Terry
Theses and Dissertations
The development of effective and feasible interventions that are deliverable within schools are badly needed in order to address high levels of unmet academic and social/emotional need in children and adolescents. In order to address these needs, two interventions were developed, delivered, and tested in this study. One was an eight-session School-based Mentoring (SBM) program based on evidence-based academic enabling activities. The other was a one-session report card coaching program based on Motivational Interviewing (MI). Previous studies of these SBM and MI interventions found mostly small or statistically non-significant effects on academic performance. The current study tests the hypothesis that …
Investigating The Predictive Validity Of A Domain-Specific Versus Global Measure Of Life Satisfaction In The Context Of School, Rachel Long
Theses and Dissertations
This study compared the utility of a global versus a domain-specific measure of life satisfaction in predicting behavioral and achievement outcome variables among a sample of adolescents in the context of school. The sample included 694 middle school students (7th and 8th grade) from a suburban school district located in the Southeastern United States who completed self-report measures of life satisfaction, engagement, behavior, and grades. Actual grade point average (GPA) and standardized MAP test scores were reported by the school. Based on previous research and the guiding principal, specificity matching, this study hypothesized that a measure of school satisfaction would …
The Role Of Recovery In Attenuating The Negative Effects Of Perceived Stigmatizing Attitudes For Persons With Psychiatric Disabilities, Betsy Alison Davis
The Role Of Recovery In Attenuating The Negative Effects Of Perceived Stigmatizing Attitudes For Persons With Psychiatric Disabilities, Betsy Alison Davis
Theses and Dissertations
For many people who experience psychiatric disabilities (PD), community experiences are largely characterized by stigmatizing interactions, discrimination, and losses of opportunities for employment, housing, or relationships. Social withdrawal and loss of self-esteem can be secondary consequences of such negative experiences. However, research has also explored various mechanisms through which people in historically stigmatized social groups can minimize some of the negative effects of stigma. Many of these strategies are theorized to be similar to a mental health recovery orientation which emphasizes the empowerment, capabilities, and strengths of mental health consumers. The present investigation explores the possibility of recovery attenuating some …
Delivery System Capacities For Recovery-Oriented System Of Care (Rosc) For Substance Abuse Disorders: An Examination Of Organizational Readiness, Jonathan Peter Scaccia
Delivery System Capacities For Recovery-Oriented System Of Care (Rosc) For Substance Abuse Disorders: An Examination Of Organizational Readiness, Jonathan Peter Scaccia
Theses and Dissertations
Adopting and implementing a Recovery-Oriented System of Care (ROSC) (innovation) requires that organizations have recovery-specific systems and features (capacities) in place. Organizations, however, may requires more than specific capacities, they require the motivation to put recovery-based innovations into place. This thesis reviews the literature to examine which capacities have been identified as integral to providing recovery-oriented services within a ROSC. Surveys were distributed electronically to delivery and support staff at organizations that provide substance abuse services under the jurisdiction of the South Carolina Department of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to examine how these …
Readiness For Positive Behavior Interventions And Supports (Pbis) And School Mental Health (Smh) Interconnection: Development Of A Stakeholder Survey, Vittoria Anello
Readiness For Positive Behavior Interventions And Supports (Pbis) And School Mental Health (Smh) Interconnection: Development Of A Stakeholder Survey, Vittoria Anello
Theses and Dissertations
Positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) and school mental health (SMH) are prominent initiatives in the United States to improve student behavior and promote mental health and wellness, led by education and mental health systems, respectively. Unfortunately, PBIS and SMH are often separate initiatives in districts and schools, which usually results in many missed opportunities from this failed interconnection. The current paper details a necessary first step in the process by describing the development of a measure of assessing readiness to interconnect PBIS and SMH within the schools. Relevant literature, pilot data, and methodology are discussed, in addition to psychometric …
A Prospective Study Of Differential Sources Of School-Related Social Support And Adolescents' Global Life Satisfaction, James D. Siddall
A Prospective Study Of Differential Sources Of School-Related Social Support And Adolescents' Global Life Satisfaction, James D. Siddall
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the cross-sectional and prospective relationships between three sources of school-related social support (parent involvement, peer support for learning, and teacher-student relationships) and early adolescents’ global life satisfaction. The participants were 597 middle school students from one large school in the Southeastern United States who completed measures of school social climate and life satisfaction on two occasions, five months apart. The results revealed that school-related experiences in terms of social support for learning contributed substantial amounts of variance to individual differences in adolescents’ satisfaction with their lives as a whole. Cross-sectional multiple regression analyses of the differential contributions …
The Impact Of Age And Executive Function On Susceptibility To Misinformation, Michelle Phillips-Meek
The Impact Of Age And Executive Function On Susceptibility To Misinformation, Michelle Phillips-Meek
Theses and Dissertations
The current study examined the impact of age and executive function on susceptibility to misinformation. A total of 41 healthy young (19-31) and older (59-77) adults were presented with visual misinformation in a paradigm originally used by Okado and Stark (2005). Participants then completed a recognition memory task while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Participants also completed a series of cognitive measures used to assess executive function. Results showed that age and executive function were both significant predictors of recognition memory accuracy. Activity in brain regions associated with conflict processing was greater for accurate versus false memory …
The Relevance Of Sarcasm In Resolving Ambiguous References In Spoken Discourse, Sara Ann Peters
The Relevance Of Sarcasm In Resolving Ambiguous References In Spoken Discourse, Sara Ann Peters
Theses and Dissertations
DISS_para>Sarcasm, or sarcastic irony, involves expressing a message that is often opposite of the literal meaning of what is being said, in a way that may sound bitter, or caustic (Gibbs, 1986). In the past, sarcasm has been viewed as a method of introducing the possibility of alternative interpretations of a discourse, by creating ambiguity as to the intended discourse interpretation. The current series of experiments sought to demonstrate that sarcasm could be viewed as beneficial in resolving ambiguity in conversation, by highlighting particular interpretations and thus ease processing, dependent on other available contextual information. Two Visual World studies …
Adhd And Positive Smoking Expectancies The Role Of Peer Influence As A Moderating Factor, Lauren Dattilo
Adhd And Positive Smoking Expectancies The Role Of Peer Influence As A Moderating Factor, Lauren Dattilo
Theses and Dissertations
Research has demonstrated considerable links between symptoms of ADHD and negative outcomes such as increased risk for cigarette use, which, despite an overall decline, remains a serious public health concern. Cigarette use is often associated with positive expectancies, or ideas about the effects of smoking. While some work on ADHD symptoms has focused on alcohol expectancies, no work has investigated how they might be related to smoking expectancies Other factors, such as susceptibility to peer influence, also remain shallowly explored. The present study is the first to examine interrelations among ADHD symptoms, smoking expectancies, and susceptibility to peer influence. It …
Examining The Direct And Interactive Effects Of Positive Coping On Depressive Symptomology In African American Women, Heather Andrea Eaddy
Examining The Direct And Interactive Effects Of Positive Coping On Depressive Symptomology In African American Women, Heather Andrea Eaddy
Theses and Dissertations
In the larger stress and coping literature, several studies have examined ethnic differences in stress experiences and coping behaviors (Plummer and Slane, 1996; Slavin et al., 1991; Brantley et al., 2002). However, these studies are often comparative in nature and fail to examine within group variation (Plummer & Slane, 1996; Slavin et al., 1991; Smith, 1985). Similarly, studies have also neglected to examine how African American women cope when confronted with certain stressors and the associated mental health outcomes. With this in mind, the goal of the current study is to close existing gaps by examining the relationship between routine …
Longitudinal Effects Of Depression And Sexual Dysfunction On Glycemic Control In Veterans With Diabetes, Adrian Laseter
Longitudinal Effects Of Depression And Sexual Dysfunction On Glycemic Control In Veterans With Diabetes, Adrian Laseter
Theses and Dissertations
Diabetes rates are on the rise, particularly among members of racial and ethnic minority groups. Individuals with diabetes are more vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms when compared to those without diabetes. While there appear to be no racial and ethnic differences in depression prevalence estimates among individuals with diabetes, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are less likely to achieve glycemic control over time, and may be at greater risk for diabetes related health issues. One such health issue is sexual dysfunction, with individuals with diabetes being more vulnerable to sexual dysfunction than those without diabetes. Sexual dysfunction may …
Modeling Hiv-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders And The Therapeutic Effects Of The Phytoestrogen Metabolite S-Equol In The Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat, Landhing Mary Moran
Modeling Hiv-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders And The Therapeutic Effects Of The Phytoestrogen Metabolite S-Equol In The Hiv-1 Transgenic Rat, Landhing Mary Moran
Theses and Dissertations
HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to afflict individuals with HIV-1 in the combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) era, most notably affecting executive function, as well as preattentive processing. Currently, there is no effective treatment for HAND, with only adjunctive treatment targeting symptomatic relief. There were two hypotheses in this dissertation: 1) that HIV-1 Tg rats will show disruptions in measures of executive function and preattentive processing, as well as neural network alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region implicated in executive function, and 2) that administration of the phytoestrogen metabolite S-equol will improve performance as measured by executive …
Maternal Parenting Stress In Autism, Autism Associated With Fragile X, And Fragile X Alone: An Examination Of Associated Child And Maternal Factors In Three High-Risk Groups, Julie Mcelrath Kellett
Maternal Parenting Stress In Autism, Autism Associated With Fragile X, And Fragile X Alone: An Examination Of Associated Child And Maternal Factors In Three High-Risk Groups, Julie Mcelrath Kellett
Theses and Dissertations
The current study examined the association between specific child and maternal factors and parenting stress in three high-risk groups of mothers - mothers of boys diagnosed with idiopathic autism (IA), mothers of boys diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associated with fragile X syndrome (AFXS), and mothers of boys diagnosed with fragile X syndrome (FXS) alone. These three groups of mothers are thought to share some degree of genetic vulnerability to stress, as well as exposure to varying levels of challenging child behavioral characteristics. Theories of parenting stress incorporate multiple components, including parent, child, and parent-child interaction factors. The current …
Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis To Investigate The Neural Representation Of Concepts With Visual And Haptic Features, Laura Bradshaw Baucom
Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis To Investigate The Neural Representation Of Concepts With Visual And Haptic Features, Laura Bradshaw Baucom
Theses and Dissertations
A fundamental debate in cognitive neuroscience concerns how conceptual knowledge is represented in the brain. Over the past decade, cognitive theorists have adopted explanations that suggest cognition is rooted in perception and action. This is called the embodiment hypothesis. Theories of conceptual representation differ in the degree to which representations are embodied, from those which suggest conceptual representation requires no involvement of sensory and motor systems to those which suggest it is entirely dependent upon them. This work investigated how the brain represents concepts that are defined by their visual and haptic features using novel multivariate approaches to the analysis …
The Importance Of Counseling Self-Efficacy In School Mental Health, Bryn Elizabeth Schiele
The Importance Of Counseling Self-Efficacy In School Mental Health, Bryn Elizabeth Schiele
Theses and Dissertations
Clinician or counseling self-efficacy (CSE), defined as beliefs about one's ability to effectively counsel a client in the near future (Larson & Daniels, 1998), is widely accepted as an important precursor of effective clinical practice (Kozina, Grabovari, De Stefano & Drapeau, 2010). While previous research has explored the association of CSE with variables such as counselor aptitude, achievement, and level of training and experience, little attention has been paid to the self-efficacy of school mental health practitioners. The current study examines the influence of quality training and supervision on the level of counseling self-efficacy amongst school mental health practitioners, as …
Antecedent Topicality Affects The Processing Of Both Np Anaphors And Pronoun, Evgenia Borshchevskaya
Antecedent Topicality Affects The Processing Of Both Np Anaphors And Pronoun, Evgenia Borshchevskaya
Theses and Dissertations
Information structure and grammatical constraints are known to affect the salience of discourse referents and referential processing, but it is not clear whether the two types of constraints have comparable effects. We report two visual-world experiments that contrasted the effect of a grammatical constraint (subjecthood) and the effect of an information structure constraint (fronting) on processing noun and pronoun anaphors. Experiment 1 tested whether fronting a non-subject referent can eliminate the Repeated Name Penalty (RNP; Gordon et al., 1993) when referring to the subject. Experiment 2 tested whether fronting a non-subject referent can elicit the RNP. The results show that …
Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis To Identify Conceptual Knowledge Representation In The Brain, Jing Wang
Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis To Identify Conceptual Knowledge Representation In The Brain, Jing Wang
Theses and Dissertations
Representation of semantic knowledge is an important aspect of cognitive function. The processing of concrete (e.g., book) and abstract (e.g., freedom) semantic concepts show systematic differences on various behavioral measures in both healthy and clinical populations. However, previous studies examining the difference in the neural substrates correlating with abstract and concrete concept representations have reached inconsistent conclusions. This dissertation used multiple novel data analyses approaches on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, to investigate representational differences of abstract and concrete concepts and to provide converging evidence that the representations of abstract and concrete semantic knowledge in the brain rely on …