Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Addressing The State Of The Union: The Evolution And Impact Of The Presidents's Big Speech, Donna Hoffman, Alison Howard

Alison Dana Howard

The State of the Union is no ordinary speech on at least two accounts: it is a fundamental statement of how a president approaches current policy debates, and it is the one presidential address that US citizens are most likely to hear each year. Donna Hoffman and Alison Howard document the political significance and legislative impact, or often, lack of impact, of this most visible of presidential communications. Exploring how and why the State of the Union address came to be a key tool in the exercise of presidential power, the authors outline the ways presidents use it to gain …

Reynolds V. United States (1879), John Hermann

John Hermann

In Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1897), the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that a federal law prohibiting polygamy did not violate the free exercise clause of the First Amendment. The Court's decision was among the first to hold that the free exercise of religion is not absolute.

Legislator Judges: The Warren Court And Justices' Use Of State Or International Policies In Criminal Procedure Cases, John Hermann

John Hermann

The Warren Court went to great lengths to expand criminal defendants' rights, and in doing so it frequently relied on state majoritarian institutions' policies or international norms to accomplish its goals. The Court and justices were almost twice as likely to use state laws than international policies in their reasoning. The Court was also almost two-and-a-half times more likely to use state or international policies in its rationale when deciding in favor of the criminal defendant in relation to the state's interest.

Lyng V. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association (1988), John Hermann

John Hermann

In Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association, 485 U.S. 439 (1988), the Supreme Court held that the free exercise clause of the First Amendment does not prohibit the federal government from timber harvesting or constructing a road through a portion of a national forest that is considered a sacred religious site by three Native American tribes.

Bowen V. Roy (1986), John Hermann

John Hermann

In Bowen v. Roy, 476 U.S. 693 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled 8-1 that the federal government did not violate the free exercise clause of the First Amendment by assigning a Social Security number for welfare benefits. Steven J. Roy, a Native American, did not want the federal government to use a Social Security number for his daughter to provide her with welfare benefits. According to Roy, the use of a Social Security number would prevent his daughter from "becoming a holy person," "rob [her] spirit," and violate the free exercise clause of the First Amendment.

Associate Justice William O. Douglas, John Hermann

John Hermann

No abstract provided.

The Political Activities Of American Corporate Leaders, Nurgul Aitalieva, Anthony Nownes

Nurgul Aitalieva

What is the nature and extent of corporate leader involvement in American national politics? The results of a mail survey of nearly 100 such individuals show that leaders are quite active, devoting an average of nearly 1 hour per day to national political activity. We also show that corporate leaders engage in a wide range of advocacy activities. Monetary activities loom particularly large in the political lives of American corporate leaders, as large numbers are approached by members of Congress for contributions, and many who are approached answer the call. In addition, we find that corporate leaders, unlike advocacy professionals, …

The Role Of The Common Core In The Gubernatorial Elections Of 2014, Jonathan Supovitz, Bobbi Newman, Ariel Smith

Bobbi Newman

After the Spring 2014 primaries, the Common Core State Standards were viewed as a political hot potato. As former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee said, “the Common Core has become toxic, I think it’s radioactive…It has become an incredibly controversial topic on both the left and the right.” Even so, the Common Core turned out to play a role in some of the governor’s races in November 2014. In this analysis of candidate positions and the role of the Common Core across the 36 gubernatorial races of 2014, CPRE researchers Bobbi Newman, Jonathan Supovitz and Arial Smith used campaign websites, debate …

Can Deliberative Democracy Work In Hierarchical Organizations?, Jason Pierce, Grant Neeley, Jeffrey Budziak

Grant W. Neeley

Some measure of equality is necessary for deliberative democracy to work well, yet empirical scholarship consistently points to the deleterious effect that hierarchy and inequalities of epistemological authority have on deliberation. This article tests whether real-world deliberative forums can overcome these challenges. Contrary to skeptics, it concludes that the act of deliberation itself and the presence of trained moderators ameliorate inequalities of epistemological authority, thus rendering deliberative democracy possible, even within hierarchical organizations.

Policy Dilemmas And Political Unrest In Poland, David Mason

David S. Mason

The recent unrest in Poland is not simply a struggle between the workers and the regime over political freedom and economic reform. A basic cause of the unrest, as in past years, is the failure of the regime to balance adequately the conflicting policies of promoting long-term investment in industry, raising the standard of living, and reducing social class inequalities. Each of these policies represents a major goal of the regime, and of socialist ideology. The regime has not been able to emphasize all three goals simultaneously, and has shifted resources and attention from one to the other over the …

Racially Polarized Voting, Kevin Quinn, Christopher Elmendorf, Marisa Abrajano

Kevin M. Quinn

No abstract provided.

Defence Diplomacy And The Australian Defence Force: Smokescreen Or Strategy?, Daniel Baldino, Andrew Carr

Daniel Baldino

Evolution, Not Revolution: The Digital Divide In American And Australian Contexts, Stuart Murray

Stuart Murray

Extract: Revolutions in information and communication technology (ICT) can have a profound impact on the relations between people, nations and institutions. Gutenberg’s invention of a printing press with movable type (circa 1439), for instance, meant that European literature could suddeny be mass produced. The technology transformed the speed and volume at which information was gathered, collated and disseminated – information which permeated then changed society. Similarly, the telegraph, telephone, radio and television dramatically altered the way disparate and estranged humans and states interacted with one another. Such changes were far reaching, but none are quite on the scale of the …

Radical Academia: Beyond The Audit Culture Treadmill, Rowan Cahill, Terry Irving

Rowan Cahill

The pathos of radical academia: notes on the impact of neo-liberalism on the universities, especially the audit culture, the production-model, casualization, academic scholarship, academic writing, peer reviewing, and open access. The authors suggest ways scholars can be radical within, and outside, of neoliberal academia. Part I, 'Missing in Action' appeared as an Academia.edu session in May 2015, where it attracted many comments. Part II, 'What Can Be Done?' is the authors' response to these comments. The whole piece was posted on the Cahill/Irving blog 'Radical Sydney/Radical History' on 22 October 2015.

Grand Strategy And China's Search For Prestige, Lukas Danner

Lukas K. Danner

No abstract provided.

Review Of David Horner,'The Spy Catchers: The Official History Of Asio, 1949-1963', Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2014, Rowan Cahill

Rowan Cahill

Critical review of the officially commissioned history of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) published in 2014.

Equitable Sharing: Distributing The Benefits And Detriments Of Democratic Society, Thomas Kleven

Thomas Kleven

The book argues that a principle of equitable sharing is fundamental to the concept of democracy and to the democratic society the United States purports to be. It examines the political philosophies of John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and John Rawls, all of which contain a principle of equitable sharing in some form. It then examines the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, both of which evidence a commitment to equitable sharing as foundational to the democratic society they contemplate. The book argues that the Supreme Court also has a meaningful role to play in the dialogue over the requirements …

The Role Of Great Powers In China's Grand Strategy, Lukas Danner

Lukas K. Danner

No abstract provided.

Ballistic Missiles In China's Anti-Taiwan Blockade Strategy, Christopher Rahman

Chris Rahman

No abstract provided.

Australia And Maritime Security In The Northeast Indian Ocean, Chris Rahman

Chris Rahman

Maritime security is vital to Australia and its neighbours in the ASEANAustralia- India "triangle" - or the area of the northeast Indian Ocean. It has become a leading sphere for the construction of deeper forms of security cooperation. Nonetheless, both the "region" in question and the topic of maritime security itself are underdeveloped ideas in the context of rapidly developing relationships. Therefore, the approach pursued in this chapter focuses on four themes. First, the maritime nature of the area's geography is established. Second, different perspectives on maritime security are introduced, with an emphasis on non-traditional factors, including responses to the …

Evolving U.S. Framework For Global Maritime Security From 9/11 To The 1000-Ship Navy , Christopher Rahman

Chris Rahman

No abstract provided.

The Implications Of Climate Change For Maritime Security Forces, Chris Rahman

Chris Rahman

Although a consensus on the reality of climate change now prevails, the details of the problem remain unsettled. In particular, the precise local and regional impacts of the global phenomenon of climate change are unknown. The security-related consequences of such impacts are thus inherently speculative. Nevertheless, it has become an increasingly important aspect of the national security policy deliberations of many States, including both civil and defence force capability planning, to consider the potential security implications of climate change. Despite the prevailing uncertainty over specific impacts and their security implications, longrange planning can be undertaken based on the most likely …

A Strategic Perspective On Security And Naval Issues In The South China Sea, Chris Rahman, Ben Tsamenyi

Chris Rahman

No abstract provided.

Singapore: Forward Operating Site, Christopher Rahman

Chris Rahman

Historically, Singapore functioned as a major naval hub supporting the British Empire's position in the Far East. The island was viewed by Admiral Sir John "Jackie" Fisher as one of the world's five key locations enabling Britain's global naval superiority. The fortification of the British strategic position on Singapore reached both its zenith and its nadir with the development in the interwar years of the "Singapore Strategy," which was designed to buttress the empire's Far Eastern defenses agajnst possible Japanese aggression. That controversial plan failed miserably in the breach. However, the island continued to host a significant British military presence …

The U.S. Strategic Relationship With Australia, Jack Mccaffrie, Christopher Rahman

Chris Rahman

Australia has hosted U.S. bases or troops for most of rhe last seventy years, beginning in the early part of the Second World War in the Pacific. Ironically, the arrival of American troops in Australia was at least partly the result of the failure of the "Singapore strategy," whereby the Royal Navy's Singapore naval base was to support any British fleet sent to the Far East in the event of a war with Japan. Seventy years on, Australia still hosts U.S. defense facilities and U.S. forces continue to visit-primarily now for exercises. Map 4 depicts major facilities utilized at present.

Maritime Domain Awareness In Australia And New Zealand, Chris Rahman

Chris Rahman

No abstract provided.

The International Politics Of Combating Piracy In Southeast Asia, Christopher Rahman

Chris Rahman

No abstract provided.

Fighting Over The Founders: How We Remember The American Revolution, Andrew Schocket

Andrew M Schocket

The American Revolution is all around us. It is pictured as big as billboards and as small as postage stamps, evoked in political campaigns and car advertising campaigns, relived in museums and revised in computer games. As the nation’s founding moment, the American Revolution serves as a source of powerful founding myths, and remains the most accessible and most contested event in U.S. history: more than any other, it stands as a proxy for how Americans perceive the nation’s aspirations. Americans’ increased fascination with the Revolution over the past two decades represents more than interest in the past. It’s also …

Avrupa Birliği Sürecinin Türk Demokrasisine Etkisi, Engin Erdem

ENGIN I ERDEM Dr.

The book chapter examines Turkey's EU accesion process with regard to its repercussions on Turkey's democracy.

Pariah Diplomacy, Huss Banai

Huss Banai

No abstract provided.