Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Different Radiolabelling Methods Alter The Pharmacokinetic And Biodistribution Properties Of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 2 (Pai-2) Forms, Marie Ranson, Paula Berghofer, Kara L. Vine, Ivan Greguric, Rachael Shepherd, Andrew Katsifis

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Introduction: Tumour-associated urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a critical marker of invasion and metastasis, and it is recognised as having strong prognostic relevance as well as being a therapeutic target. The specific uPA inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2, SerpinB2) specifically targets cell bound uPA and is internalised. Furthermore, preclinical studies have established the “proof-of-principle” of uPA-targeting by PAI-2-cytotoxin conjugates in human carcinoma models. However, these studies also suggest that PAI-2 is rapidly cleared via the renal system with low total dose reaching the tumour. In this study, a comparative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and biodistribution (BD) analysis …

Comparisons Of Observed And Modeled Oh And Ho 2 Concentrations During The Ambient Measurement Period Of The Hoxcomp Field Campaign, Y Kanaya, A Hofzumahaus, H-P Dorn, T Brauers, H Fuchs, F Holland, F Rohrer, B Bohn, R Tillmann, Rebekah Wegener, A Wahner, Y Kajii, K Miyamoto, S Nishida, K Watanabe, A Yoshino, Dagmar C. Kubistin, M Martinez, M Rudolf, H Harder, H Berresheim, T Elste, C Plass-Dulmer, G Stange, J Kleffmann, Y Elshorbany, U Schurath

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

A photochemical box model constrained by ancillary observations was used to simulate OH and HO 2 concentrations for three days of ambient observations during the HOxComp field campaign held in Jülich, Germany in July 2005. Daytime OH levels observed by four instruments were fairly well reproduced to within 33% by a base model run (Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism with updated isoprene chemistry adapted from Master Chemical Mechanism ver. 3.1) with high R 2 values (0.72-0.97) over a range of isoprene (0.3-2 ppb) and NO (0.1-10 ppb) mixing ratios. Daytime HO 2(*) levels, reconstructed from the base model results taking into …

Effects Of Atmospheric Light Scattering On Spectroscopic Observations Of Greenhouse Gases From Space: Validation Of Ppdf-Based Co 2 Retrievals From Gosat, Sergey Oshchepkov, Andrey Bril, Tatsuya Yokota, Isamu Morino, Yukio Yoshida, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Dmitry Belikov, Debra Wunch, Paul Wennberg, Geoffrey Toon, Christopher O'Dell, André Butz, Sandrine Guerlet, Austin Cogan, Hartmut Boesch, Nawo Eguchi, Nicholas Deutscher, David Griffith, Ronald Macatangay, Justus Notholt, Ralf Sussmann, Markus Rettinger, Vanessa Sherlock, John Robinson, Esko Kyro, Pauli Heikkinen, Dietrich G. Feist, Tomoo Nagahama, Nikolay Kadygrov, Shamil Maksyutov, Osamu Uchino, Hiroshi Watanabe

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

This report describes a validation study of Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data processing using ground-based measurements of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) as reference data for column-averaged dry air mole fractions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (X CO2). We applied the photon path length probability density function method to validate X CO2 retrievals from GOSAT data obtained during 22months starting from June 2009. This method permitted direct evaluation of optical path modifications due to atmospheric light scattering that would have a negligible impact on ground-based TCCON measurements but could significantly affect gas retrievals when observing reflected sunlight from …

Clinical Dyslipidaemia Is Associated With Changes In The Lipid Composition And Inflammatory Properties Of Apolipoprotein-B-Containing Lipoproteins From Women With Type 2 Diabetes, M Ståhlman, T H. Pham, M Adiels, Todd Mitchell, Stephen J. Blanksby, B Fagerberg, K Ekross, J Boren

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to use lipidomics to determine if the lipid composition of apolipoprotein-Bcontaining lipoproteins is modified by dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes and if any of the identified changes potentially have biological relevance in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes.

Methods VLDL and LDL from normolipidaemic and dyslipidaemic type 2 diabetic women and controls were isolated and quantified with HPLC and mass spectrometry. A detailed molecular characterisation of VLDL triacylglycerols (TAG) was also performed using the novel ozone-induced dissociation method, which allowed us to distinguish vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7) from oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) in …

Direct Detection Of Additives And Degradation Products From Polymers By Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis Employing Chip-Based Nanospray Mass Spectrometry, Martin Paine, Phillip Barker, Shane A. Maclaughlin, Todd W. Mitchell, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Rationale: Polymer-based surface coatings in outdoor applications experience accelerated degradation due to exposure to solar radiation, oxygen and atmospheric pollutants. These deleterious agents cause undesirable changes to the polymers aesthetic and mechanical properties reducing its lifetime. The use of antioxidants such as hindered amine light stabilisers (HALS) retard these degradative processes, however, mechanisms for HALS action and polymer degradation are poorly understood. Methods: Detection of the hindered amine light stabiliser (HALS) TINUVIN®123 (bis (1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate) and the polymer degradation products directly from a polyester-based coil coating was achieved by liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) coupled to a triple quadrupole QTRAP® …

Optimization Of Colorimetric Det Technique For The In Situ, Two-Dimensional Measurement Of Iron(Ii) Distributions In Sediment Porewaters, William W. Bennett, Peter R. Teasdale, David T. Welsh, Jarad G. Panther, Dianne F. Jolley

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Coral Reefs And Reef Islands Of The Amirantes Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean, Sarah Hamylton, Tom Spencer, Annelise B. Hagan

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Spatial Data Infrastructure For Coastal Management In The Amirante Islands, Seychelles, Sarah M. Hamylton, Justin Prosper

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Spatial data infrastructures play a key role in coastal management decision making in the Seychelles. This paper describes four components of a web-based spatial data infrastructure that were developed to facilitate coastal management of the Amirante Islands in the Seychelles. The four components include: (i) the institutional arrangement for using spatial data effectively to address local management challenges, (ii) the production of island habitat maps from remotely sensed data, (iii) the tasks undertaken for promoting access to and use of this spatial data, and (iv) an example of how this data is used for a specific coastal management application in …

Energy And Water Use By Invasive Goats (Capra Hircus) In An Australian Rangeland, And A Caution Against Using Broad-Scale Allometry To Predict Species-Specific Requirements, Adam J. Munn, C E. Cooper, B Russell, T J. Dawson, S R. Mcleod, S K. Maloney

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Feral goats (Capra hircus) are ubiquitous across much of Australia's arid and semi-arid rangelands, where they compete with domestic stock, contribute to grazing pressure on fragile ecosystems, and have been implicated in the decline of several native marsupial herbivores. Understanding the success of feral goats in Australia may provide insights into management strategies for this and other invasive herbivores. It has been suggested that frugal use of energy and water contributes to the success of feral goats in Australia, but data on the energy and water use of free-ranging animals are lacking. We measured the field metabolic rate …

Evidence Of Animal Mtdna Recombination Between Divergent Populations Of The Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera Pallida, Angelique H. Hoolahan, Vivian C. Blok, Tracey Gibson, Mark Dowton

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Recombination is typically assumed to be absent in animal mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). However, the maternal mode of inheritance means that recombinant products are indistinguishable from their progenitor molecules. The majority of studies of mtDNA recombination assess past recombination events, where patterns of recombination are inferred by comparing the mtDNA of different individuals. Few studies assess contemporary mtDNA recombination, where recombinant molecules are observed as direct mosaics of known progenitor molecules. Here we use the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, to investigate past and contemporary recombination. Past recombination was assessed within and between populations of G. pallida, and contemporary …

Are Competitive Effects Of Native Species On An Invader Mediated By Water Availability?, Tanya J. Mason, Kristine French, Ken Russell

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Question: Climate change processes could influence the dynamics of biotic interactions such as plant competition, especially in response to disturbance phenomena such as invasional processes. Are competitive effects of native species on an invadermediated bywater availability?

Location: Glasshouse facility, New SouthWales, Australia.

Methods: We constructed competitive hierarchies for a representative suite of species from coastal dune communities that have been invaded by the Asteraceae shrub, bitou (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata). We used a comparative phytometer approach, where the invader species was grown with or without a suite of native species in glasshouse trials. This was used to construct competition hierarchies …

Electrical And Mechanical Characteristics Of Buckypapers And Evaporative Cast Films Prepared Using Single And Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes And The Biopolymer Carrageenan, Ali Aldalbahi, Marc In Het Panhuis

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The electrical and mechanical characteristics of composite materials prepared using evaporative casting and vacuum filtration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in the biopolymer s-carrageenan (IC) are reported. It is demonstrated that the contact angle of water with films is proportional to the CNT mass and volume fraction, which is used to compare the properties of buckypapers with those of evaporative cast films. Multi-walled carbon nanotube films were found to exhibit higher conductivity values compared to those observed for single-walled carbon nanotubes composites at comparable contact angle values up to true nanotube volume fraction of 0.12. Buckypapers prepared by varying the …

Accordion Vs. Quantum Tectonics: Insights Into Continental Growth Processes From The Paleozoic Of Eastern Gondwanan, Jonathan C. Aitchison, Solomon Buckman

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The Early Paleozoic Lachlan Fold Belt of eastern Australia is widely regarded as an ancient convergent plate margin beneath which paleo-Pacific (Panthalassic) oceanic lithosphere was continuously subducted. It is cited as the type example of a retreating accretionary orogeny. However, sandstone compositions, the sedimentological nature and timing of chert accumulation and overall stratigraphic architecture are not necessarily consistent with this model. We suggest an alternative explanation for growth of Gondwanan continental margin. Oceanic lithosphere outboard of the passive Gondwana continental margin was subducted beneath an extensive intra-oceanic island arc that now crops out as an allochthonous element (Macquarie arc) within …

Oxidation Of Acid-Volatile Sulfide In Surface Sediments Increases The Release And Toxicity Of Copper To The Benthic Amphipod Melita Plumulosa, Stuart L. Simpson, Daniel Ward, David Strom, Dianne F. Jolley

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) are an important metal-binding phase in sediments. For sediments that contain an excess of AVS over simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) concentrations, acute or chronic effects should not result from the metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. While AVS phases may exist in surface sediments, the exposure to dissolved oxygen may oxidize the AVS and release metals to more bioavailable forms. We investigated the role of oxidation of AVS, and specifically copper sulfide phases, in surface sediments, in the toxicity to juveniles of the epibenthic amphipod, Melita plumulosa. Sediments containing known amounts of copper sulfide were prepared …

Antimalarial Alkaloids From A Bhutanese Traditional Medicinal Plant Corydalis Dubia, Phurpa Wangchuk, Paul A. Keller, Stephen G. Pyne, Anthony C. Willis, Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Corydalis dubia is used in Bhutanese traditional medicine as a febrifuge and for treating infections in the blood, liver and bile which correlate to the signs and symptoms of malarial and microbial infections.

Aim of the study: To validate the ethnopharmacological uses of the plant and to discover potential new therapeutic drug leads. Materials and methods C. dubia was collected from Bhutan and the alkaloids were obtained using acid–base fractionation and separation by repeated column and preparative plate chromatography. The alkaloids were identified from analysis of their physiochemical and spectroscopic data and were tested for antiplasmodial, antimicrobial and …

Binaphthyl-Anchored Antibacterial Tripeptide Derivatives With Hydrophobic C-Terminal Amino Acid Variations, John Bremner, Paul A. Keller, Stephen Pyne, Mark Robertson, Kandasamy Sakthivel, Kittiya Somphol, Dean Baylis, Jonathon A Coates, John Deadman, Dharshini Jeevarajah, David I. Rhodes

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The facile synthesis of seven new dicationic tripeptide benzyl ester derivatives, with hydrophobic group variations in the C-terminal amino acid component, is described. Moderate to good activity was seen against Gram-positive bacteria in vitro. One cyclohexyl-substituted compound 2c was tested more widely and showed good potency (MIC values ranging from 2–4 μg/mL) against antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococci (VRE, VSE), and against Staphylococcus epidermidis.