Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training For Suicidal And Heavy Drinkers, Chelsey Wilks, Qingqing Yin, Sin Yee Ang, Brandon Matsumiya, Anita Lungu, Marsha Linehan

Psychology Faculty Works

Background: The need to develop effective and accessible interventions for suicidal individuals engaging in heavy episodic drinking (HED) cannot be understated. While the link between alcohol use and suicidality is a complex one that remains to be elucidated, emotion dysregulation may play a key role in alcohol-related suicide risk in these individuals. Objective: In the current study, an 8-week Internet-delivered dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training intervention was developed and preliminarily evaluated for suicidal individuals who engage in HED to regulate emotions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the therapist-assisted and Internet-delivered intervention, …

Structural And Functional Brain Imaging In Acute Hiv, Vishal Samboju, Carissa Philippi, Phillip Chan, Yann Cobigo, James Fletcher, Merlin Robb, Merlin Robb, Joanna Hellmuth, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Mantana Pothisri, Robert Paul, Jintanat Ananworanich, Serena Spudich, Victor Valcour, Rv Teams

Psychology Faculty Works

Background:HIV RNA is identified in cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) within eightdays of estimated viral exposure. Neurological findings and impaired neuropsychological testing performance are documented in a subset of individuals with acuteHIV infection (AHI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether microstructural white matter and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) are disruptedin AHI.Methods:We examined 49 AHI (100% male; mean age = 30 ± SD 9.9) and 23 HIV-uninfected Thai participants (78% male; age = 30 ± 5.5) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and rsFC acquired at 3 Tesla, and four neuropsychological tests (summarized as NPZ-4). MRI for the AHI group was performed …

Inclusive Community Service Among College Students With And Without Intellectual Disability: A Pilot Study., Alexandra Manikas, Erik Carter, Jennifer Bumble

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Predictors Of Cognitive Function Among Cognitively Impaired Older African Americans Living In Congregate Residential Settings, Zyra Daffodil Apugan

Dissertations

The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to identify potential psychosocial predictors of cognition, including social support, depression, and functional activity, among older African Americans, ≥ 65 years, with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and living in congregate residential settings. Guided by the main effect model of social support, this study used existing data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set, an NIH-funded multicenter study. Results showed that on average, the participants (n=56) were 81.7 years of age with 13.8 years of education. All, but six, were married. Bivariate Pearson correlations indicate a moderately strong negative relationship …

Internet-Delivered Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Skills Training For Suicidal And Heavy Episodic Drinkers: Protocol And Preliminary Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial., Chelsey Wilks, Qingqing Yin, Sin Ang, Brandon Matsumiya, Anita Lungu, Marsha Linehan

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Why We Should Have Seen That Coming, K.W Miller, Marty Wolf, F.S. Grodzinsky

Computer Science Faculty Works

In this paper we examine the case of Tay, the Microsoft AI chatbot that was launched in March, 2016. After less than 24 hours, Microsoft shut down the experiment because the chatbot was generating tweets that were judged to be inappropriate since they included racist, sexist, and anti-Semitic language. We contend that the case of Tay illustrates a problem with the very nature of learning software (LS is a term that describes any software that changes its program in response to its interactions) that interacts directly with the public, and the developer’s role and responsibility associated with it. We make …

Long-Term Effectiveness Of The Question, Persuade, Refer (Qpr) Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program: Lessons From Missouri, Clay Litteken, Elizabeth Sale

Missouri Institute for Mental Health

Suicide in Missouri is a significant public health issue that has taken the lives of 8351 individuals over the last decade. The recognition of suicide as an imminent concern has led to the development of evidence-based prevention programs to decrease suicide-related mortality. One program, question, persuade, refer (QPR), has become the most widely-distributed gatekeeper training program in the world. This article presents both immediate and 2-year follow-up analyses of QPR trainees who work with youth, specifically examining changes in knowledge, self-efficacy, and help-giving behaviors. Results indicate both short- and long-term positive outcomes in knowledge and self-efficacy, supporting use of QPR.

Implementation Of The National Asthma Guidelines In A Residential Pediatric Clinic, Patricia A. Foster-Staples

Dissertations

Abstract

Purpose: Foster care children admitted to residential facilities are a unique and vulnerable group, many presenting with undiagnosed or poorly managed asthma. The alarming rate of residents admitted to a particular residential primary care clinic with a diagnosis of asthma led to the project question: “Based on record reviews, does staff education about the importance of utilizing the national guidelines for asthma education influence the implementation of such guidelines in a residential pediatric clinic?” The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement a systematic process to influence practice change. The project was conducted over a period …

E-Health Intervention For Intergenerational Caregivers Of Chronically Ill Older Adults, A.M. Steffen, J. Epstein, K. Arenella

Psychology Faculty Works

Family-clinician communication is important for chronic disease self-management and improves outcomes for older adults and their family caregivers. In this e-health program based on principles from Social Cognitive Theory, adults assisting a parent with medical appointments and medication management were randomly assigned to one of two internet-based education interventions: (I.) Written didactics and video clips from medical experts, or (II.) Multimedia vignettes depicting actors responding to common healthcare challenges. Participants (N=136) had access to these materials for one month and completed pre- and post-intervention assessments. Post-intervention hierarchical regression analyses showed an intervention effect after controlling for pre-intervention scores. Relative to …

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Increases Amygdala Connectivity With The Cognitive Control Network In Both Mdd And Ptsd, Haochang Shou, Zhen Yang, Theodore Satterthwaite, Philip Cook, Steven Bruce, Russell Shinohara, Benjamin Rosenberg, Yvette Sheline

Psychology Faculty Works

BackgroundBoth major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by alterations in intrinsic functional connectivity. Here we investigated changes in intrinsic functional connectivity across these disorders as a function of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), an effective treatment in both disorders.Methods53 unmedicated right-handed participants were included in a longitudinal study. Patients were diagnosed with PTSD (n = 18) and MDD (n = 17) with a structured diagnostic interview and treated with 12 sessions of manualized CBT over a 12-week period. Patients received an MRI scan (Siemens 3 T Trio) before and after treatment. Longitudinal functional principal components analysis …

Single-Session Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training Versus Relaxation Training For Non-Treatment-Engaged Suicidal Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Erin Ward-Ciesielski, Erin Ward-Ciesielski, Connor Jones, Madeline Wielgus, Chelsey Wilks, Marsha Linehan

Psychology Faculty Works

Background: Individuals who are not engaged in treatment are commonly overlooked in the design of intervention trials targeting suicidal populations as a result of recruitment methodology that requires individuals to be referred from their current provider. In fact, research suggests that the majority of individuals who die by suicide have not been in contact with mental health services in the year before their death. Methods/design: A randomized controlled trial of two brief, one-session interventions for adults who are not engaged in mental health treatment. Inclusion criteria include 1) 18 years or older, 2) experiencing suicidal ideation in the past week, …

A Telehealth Behavioral Coaching Intervention For Neurocognitive Disorder Family Carers., Ann Steffen, Judith Gant

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Neuropsychological Outcomes In Adults Commencing Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment In South Africa: A Prospective Study, John Joska, John Joska, Jennifer Westgarth-Taylor, Jacqueline Hoare, Kevin Thomas, Robert Paul, Landon Myer, Dan Stein

Psychology Faculty Works

BackgroundInfection with HIV may result in significant neuropsychological impairment, especially in late stage disease. To date, there have been no cohort studies of the impact of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) in South Africa where clade C HIV is predominant.MethodsParticipants in the current study were recruited from a larger study of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and included a group of individuals commencing HAART (n = 82). Baseline and one-year neuropsychological function was assessed using a detailed battery, and summary global deficit scores (GDS) obtained. Associations with change in GDS were calculated.ResultsParticipants had a median CD4 cell count of 166 at …

Damage To Association Fiber Tracts Impairs Recognition Of The Facial Expression Of Emotion, Carissa Philippi, Shruti Mehta, Thomas Grabowski, Ralph Adolphs, David Rudrauf

Psychology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Blood Volume And Hemoglobin Oxygenation Response Following Electrical Stimulation Of Human Cortex, Minah Suh, Sonya Bahar, Ashesh Mehta, Theodore Schwartz

Physics Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Low Doses Of Memantine Disrupt Memory In Adult Rats, Catherine Creeley, David Wozniak, Joanne Labruyere, George Taylor, John Olney

Psychology Faculty Works

Memantine, a drug recently approved for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, has been characterized as a unique NMDA antagonist that confers protection against excitotoxic neurodegeneration without the serious side effects that other NMDA antagonists are known to cause. In the present study, we determined what dose of memantine is required to protect the adult rat brain against an NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxic process and then tested that dose and a range of lower doses to determine whether the drug in this dose range is associated with significant side effects. Consistent with previous research, we found that memantine confers a neuroprotective effect beginning …