Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Colostrum Intake By Newborn Piglets, David Fraser, Jeffrey Rushen

Feeding Behavior Collection

Colostrum intake by newborn piglets was studied by weighing piglets every 10 min for their first 1-4 h with the sow, and their cumulative weight increases were used as estimates of colostrum intake. In seven litters, four piglets were monitored for 4 h beginning about 2 h after the birth of the first piglet in order to determine if colostrum is available continuously or released in discrete ejections. There was little synchrony between litter-mates in their intake in the first hour, but by the second hour of monitoring (starting about 3 h after farrowing began), much of the colostrum was …

Extinction Of Fear-Potentiated Startle: Blockade By Infusion Of An Nmda Antagonist Into The Amygdala, Michael Davis, William A. Falls, Mindy Miserendino

Psychology Faculty Publications

Data derived from in vitro preparations indicate that NMDA receptors play a critical role in synaptic plasticity in the CNS. More recently, in vivo pharmacological manipulations have suggested that an NMDA-dependent process may be involved in specific forms of behavioral plasticity. All of the work thus far has focused on the possible role of NMDA receptors in the acquisition of responses. However, there are many examples in the behavioral literature of learning-induced changes that involve the reduction or elimination of a previously acquired response. Experimental extinction is a primary example of the elimination of a learned response. Experimental extinction is …

The Energetic Costs Of Rough And Tumble Play In The Juvenile Rat, Stephen M. Siviy, Dale M. Atrens

Psychology Faculty Publications

The metabolic costs of rough-and-tumble play behavior were studied in juvenile rats. Using indirect calorimetry, it was determined that energy expenditure during play is increased by 66-104% over the resting metabolic rate, indicating that play accounts for between 2% and 3% of the total daily energy budget of the rat. In a subsequent experiment, food intake and body weight were monitored for three weeks in rats allowed to play for one hour per day and in rats not allowed to play. While the body weights of the two groups did not differ significantly from each other, those rats allowed to …

Rural Depopulation In Western Australia, Ross Kingwell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia's population has recently drifted from inland rural areas to cities and coastal regions. Changes in fanning practices over several decades and the recent falls in wheat and wool prices, have forced many families to leave inland farms and rural towns .

However, many families are also developing sources of off-farm income and other activities to keep themselves, local businesses and towns suroiving.

Vocal Recognition In Mexican Free-Tailed Bats: Do Pups Recognize Mothers?, Jonathan Balcombe, Gary F. Mccracken

Sentience Collection

Mother Mexican free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana, produce 'directive' calls while searching for pups inside cave maternity roosts. These calls consist of highly repetitive pulses of sound uttered in rapid sequence. Calls are sufficiently intense that they are perceptible above the substantial background noise within roosts at distances of at least 1m. Calls are stereotyped within individuals, and statistically discriminable between individuals. These characteristics are expected for vocalizations that function for mother-pup reunions, and are shared with directive calls described previously in other bats. Mother T. b. mexicana directive calls are statistically no less discriminable than are the isolation calls …

The Creation Of Transgenic Animal “Models” For Human Genetic Disease, Bernard Rollin

Biomedicine and Animal Models in Research Collection

Transgenic animals will be created to study human genetic disease as soon as the technological capability exists to do so. Extant laws permit such animals to be created. The mindset of the research community makes it inevitable. It is also clear that such diseases can cause enormous amounts of pain and suffering. Responsible researchers need to explore all possible avenues for controlling such pain and suffering. Thus far the research community has not engaged this issue vis a vis animals. The development of methodologies for controlling pain and suffering is likely to be exportable to numerous areas of animal research, …

The Saurian Psyche Revisted: Lizards In Research, Neil Greenberg

Neil Greenberg

This essay is intended to guide researchers interested in lizards as prospective experimental models to identify an appropriate species for their research needs and to care for lizards in a manner that will not compromise their utility. Coupled with these is a concern for critical thinking about the ethical dimension of lizard research, one guide for which is to consider the intersection of human needs and lizard needs. Before proceeding further, several arbitrary premises must be made clear: 1. While wholly deserving of study because of their intrinsic interest, I will assume that the lizard research to be undertaken is …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 34 Number 2, Winter 1992, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

12 - 3 PATHS TO POLITICS Dee Dee Myers '83, Gary Serda '82, and Janet Napolitano '79 have taken three decidedly different roads to political careers. By Kathy Daile-Molle '85

18 - WHAT DO YOU WANT TO BE WHEN YOU GROW UP? Increasingly, people are finding themselves making several career transitions throughout their work lives. By Mike Brozda '76

22 - EL CENTRO: THE EYE OF THE STORM For San Jose's Hispanic community, this mental health clinic, whose counselors are primarily SCU grads, provides a respite from the turbulence of life in a strange culture. By Susan Frey

24 - …

Natural History In Iowa: The Early Phases, David C. Glenn-Lewin, Thomas R. Rosburg

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Natural history in Iowa prior to the 20th Century can be conveniently arranged into 4 phases: Native American, before the Louisiana Purchase, between the Louisiana Purchase and about 1850, and after 1850. Native American natural history was extensive and had a distinctly spiritual character. Natural history was a component of European exploration up to the time of the Louisiana Purchase, but was not treated as a separate endeavor; the evidence from this period comes from the journals and diaries of early exploreres, fur traders and the like. Between the Louisiana Purchase and about 1850, natural history changed from its status …

Table Of Contents, Volume Three, Number One, Winter 1992, Risk Editorial Board

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Table of contents for the journal Risk: Issues in Health & Safety (ISSN: 1073-8673).

Catastrophic Wave Erosion On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia: Impact Of The Lanai Tsunamis Ca. 105 Ka?: Reply, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Catastrophic Wave Erosion On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia: Impact Of The Lanai Tsunamis Ca. 105 Ka?, R. W. Young, Edward A. Bryant

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Sand barriers along the coast of southern New South Wales, dating from the last interglacial, have been almost completely destroyed, most probably by a catastrophic tsunami. Evidence for catastrophic wave erosion can also be traced to heights of at least 15 m above present sea level on coastal abrasion ramps. These erosional features lie above the range of effective erosion by contemporary storm waves, and cannot be attributed to either eustatic fluctuations or local uplift. Chronological evidence for the timing of the destruction of the last interglacial barriers suggests that tsunami generated by the submarine slide off Lanai in the …

Evidence Of Tsunami Sedimentation On The Southeastern Coast Of Australia, Edward A. Bryant, R. W. Young, David M. Price

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

In the coastal region, the highest magnitude storms cannot always be invoked to account for large-scale, anomalous sediment features. Any coastline in the Pacific Ocean region can be affected by tsunamis, including Australia which historically lacks evidence of such events. Geologically, tsunamis along the New South Wales coast have deposited a suite of Holocene features that consist of anomalous boulder masses, either chaotically tossed onto rock platforms and backshores or jammed into crevices; highly bimodal mixtures of sand and boulders; and dump deposits consisting of well sorted coarse debris. In addition many coastal aboriginal middens were disturbed by such events. …

The Specific Surface Area Values For Iowa Tills, Keith E. Schilling, Brian L. Gedlinske

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Specific surface area is a property used by earth scientists to estimate the proportion of expandable clay minerals in soils. In this study, specific surface area method is shown to compare favorably with standard clay mineralogical techniques in determining gross differences in expandable clay mineral content in tills. The results of over 100 measurements on till samples from Iowa indicate undifferentiated pre-Illinoian tills from southern and southwestern Iowa have the highest specific surface area values of Iowa tills (ranging from nearly 100 to greater than 150 m²/g) and Wisconsinan Dows Formation tills have the lowest average specific surface …

Mass Dependent Loss Of Resolution In Radially Inhomogeneous Exb Ion Traps, Mark A. Capron, Susan S. Haskin, Curtiss D. Hanson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

ExB ion traps, such as Fourier transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometers (FY:ICR), mass analyze sample ions based on differences in their cyclotron frequencies in a homogeneous magnetic field. The high resolution mass measurements of FT-ICR are based on the relationship between the frequency of the cyclotron orbit and the mass-to-charge (m/q) ratio of an ion. Both the orbit and the frequency/mass relationship result from the radial forces on the ion. Ions trapped by inhomogeneous electric fields experience different magnitudes of the radial electric fields at different positions resulting in a positionally dependent frequency. Such differences in orbital frequencies for …

Counting As The Chimpanzee Views It, Sarah T. Boysen

Numeracy Collection

No abstract provided.

The Ethical Judgment Of Animal Research, Shelley L. Galvin, Harold A. Herzog

Experimentation Collection

One hundred sixty subjects acted as members of a hypothetical Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and evaluated five proposals in which animals were to be used for research or educational purposes. They were asked to approve or reject the proposals and to indicate what factors were important in reaching their ethical decisions. Gender and differences in personal moral philosophy were related to approval decisions. The reasons given for the decisions fell into three main categories: metacognitive statements, factors related to the animal, and factors related to the design of the experiment.

Back Cover

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Checklist Of The Vascular Flora Of Page County, Iowa, Barbara L. Wilson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The vascular flora of Page County, Iowa, was studied from 1987 through 1991. Seven hundred forty two species and four hybrids of vascular plants were found. A quarter of the flora consists of non-native species. Taxa not previously reported in Iowa include: Amsinckia intermedia, Brassica kaber, Cardaria chalapensis, Callirhoe bushii, Carex mesochorea, Eleocharis xyridiformis, Euphorbia prostrata, Lactuca saligna, Leontodon autumnalis, Scirpus mucronatus, Sclerochloa dura, and Vernonia arkansana.

Executing Multidatabase Transactions, Mansoor Ansari, Marek Rusinkiewicz, Linda Ness, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

In a multidatabase environment, the traditional transaction model has been found to be too restrictive. Therefore, several extended transaction models have been proposed in which some of the requirements of transaction, such as isolation or atomicity, are optional. The authors describe one of such extensions, the flexible transaction model and discuss the scheduling of transactions involving multiple autonomous database systems managed by heterogeneous DBMS.

The scheduling algorithm for flexible transactions is implemented using L.0, a logically parallel language which provides a framework for concisely specifying the multidatabase transactions and for scheduling them. The key aspects of a flexible transaction specification, …

Changes In The Western Australian Dairy Farm Industry, Ross Kingwell, Graham Annan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Over the past decade, the number of dairy cows and the number of producers in the Western Australian dairy industry have steadily declined. The industry still relies heavily on market milk quotas for its profits, but recent export contracts have boosted profits from manufacturing milk production.

Market milk quotas remain unevenly distributed across the dairy regions and amongst quotaholders, although the regional distribution of quotas is changing.

Front Matter

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

The Distribution Of Amphipods In Southeastern Minnesota And Their Relation To Water Quality And Land Use, James A. Muck, Raymond M. Newman

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The distribution of the amphipods Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and Hyalella azteca was determined from 97 designated trout streams in Minnesota, along with temperature, conductivity, and nitrate levels. Streams were classified into 4 land use/geology groups. G. pseudolimnaeus was found in 11 counties and at 123 of 168 sites in 83 of the 97 streams sampled. Hyalella azteca was found in 7 counties at 26 sites m 21 streams. Spearman rank correlations showed a high degree of correlation between nitrate (range: 0-11 mg N/L), conductivity (range: 325-870 μS/cm), and geology. The relative abundance of G. pseudolimnaeus was negatively correlated with nitrate, geology …

Editorial Board & Iowa Academy Of Science Officers And Directors

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Cover - Table Of Contents

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Geology Of Iowa Fens, C. A. Thompson, E. A. Bettis Iii, R. G. Baker

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Fens are peatlands which are dependent on groundwater discharge to provide nutrient enrichment. Fens are found in a variety of landscape positions and in most Iowa landform regions. This paper presents a classification system for Iowa fens based on landscape position, stratigraphy, and hydrologic factors. Iowa fens can be separated into six categories: 1) fens along valley wall slopes; the groundwater source for these fens is sand and gravel buried between glacial tills (inter-till); 2) fens in hummocky topography on the northwestern margin of the Des Moines Lobe landform region; the water source is sand and gravel buried within glacial …

Necklace Radio Transmitter Attachment For Pheasants, Terry Z. Riley, Bruce A. Fistler

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

We tested a pre-assembled, necklace-radio-transmitter-attachment design on female ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northern Iowa. Birds were captured by nightlighting and bait trapping between September 1989 and March 1990. Radio transmitters were attached to 128 using a wire necklace. Two birds had problems adapting to the necklace, and 3 birds removed them. Twenty-three birds were still alive and wearing necklaces at the end of the study, for an average of 318 (SD= ± 52) days. Ease of attachment, long durability, light weight, and minimal bulk make the necklace an effective alternative to harness and poncho mounts.

History Of Iowa Natural History - A Symposium, Neil P. Bernstein

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

This issue of the Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science presents the first written installment of our symposium: papers on the contributions of Keyes, Pammel, Bessey, and Hayden; the role of the Iowa Natural History Museum; and histories of both the development of early natural history studies and mammalogy investigations. More papers will follow in future issues, and new contributors are welcome.

History Of Mammal Study In Iowa, John B. Bowles

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The first records of mammals in Iowa were from explorers, survey parties heading westward and early seeders. Generation of checklists of state mammals began in 1840 and culminated with the annotated list by Scott (1937) and biogeographic analysis by Bowles (1975). Recent focus has been on rare species status and mammalian ecology, e.g., Loess Hills, riparian habitat, agricultural practices, and reestablished grasslands.

The University Of Iowa Museum Of Natural History: An Historical Perspective, George D. Shrimper

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The 132-year record of UIMNH essentially mirrors historical and on-going trends in related institutions. As scholarship grew in the natural sciences during the 19th century, natural history museums became centers for scientific research. A "Golden Age" of museum-based expeditionary work and taxonomic research was marked at UI by the careers of curator/naturalists Calvin, Nutting, Macbride, and Shimek. Systematic biology and paleontology thrived with the accumulation of extensive collections. De-emphasis of "natural history" studies followed after 1920-30 with a concomitant growth in cellular and molecular biology. In seeking new directions and financial support, many museums, including UIMNH, shifted emphasis to public …